Exam 3 - Disaster/terrorism Flashcards
what are some forms of terrorism
biological agents
chemical agents
radiologic/nuclear explosive devices
examples of bioterrorism
anthrax
plague
tularemia
smallpox
botulism
how are anthrax, plague, and tularemia treated
abx
anthrax is treated with which specific abx and for how long
ciprofloxacin x60 days
where does the plague come from
mice
drug group of choice for the plague
-mycins
what occurs with botulism
inhibits acetylcholine release, inhibiting system synapse causing flaccid paralysis
ptosis, diplopia, muscle weakness, and death
what are some chemical agents of terrorism
sarin
phogene
mustard gas
sarin can cause death with in ___ of exposure
minutes
paralyzes respiratory muscles
how does sarin enter the body
eyes and skin
sara antidote
atropine, praliodoxime chloride
may require multiple doses
mustard gas characteristics
yellow to brown in color
garlic-like odor
irritates eyes, causes skin burns, blisters
cyanide has what type of smell
almond; evacuate ASAP
radiologic dispersal devices (RRDs; “dirty bombs”) main danger
explosion
what are decontamination tents
victims are rinsed off prior to treatment
injuries r/t explosive devices
blast
crust
penetrating
damage to lungs, middle ear, GI tract
examples of internal disaster
fire
explosion
loss of critical utilities (water, computer system)
examples of external disaster
earthquake
act of terrorism
tornados
hurricanes
how do nurses play a role in disaster management before it occurs
help develop response plans
–security needs
–communication needs
–training
–staffing needs
–resources/supplies
role of the hospital incident commander
assume overall leadership for implementing the emergency plan
role of the medical command physician
physician who decides the number, acuity, and resource needs of pts
role of the triage offier
rapidly evals each pt to determine priorities for treatment
role of the community relations officer
liaison between healthcare facility and media
how long should dirty water be boiled before use
10 minutes
may need to add 10 drops of bleach for every gallon of drinking water
manmade or natural event or disaster that overwhelms community’s ability to respond with existing resources
mass casualty incident (MCI)
triage of casualties in an MCI is conducted in < __ ___
15 seconds
MCI triage: red (class I)
emergent attention
ie: airway obstruction, shock
MCI triage: yellow (class II)
can wait a short time for care
neurologically intact, can follow commands
ie: open fracture with a pulse
MCI triage: green (glass III)
non-urgent or “walking wounded”
treatment can be delayed 2-4 hours
closed fractures, sprains, strains, abrasions
MCI triage: black (class IIIV)
expected to die or dead
ie: mass head trauma, extensive full thickness skin burns, high cervical SCI needing mechanical ventilation
if a pt is not breathing during MCI, you open the airway and they start breathing, what do you tag them as
red
what is the IES-R questionnaire
assess survivor response after a disaster
22 questions; self-administered
10th grade reading level - must assess pt comprehension
