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Pharmacolocy 2 > Exam 5 Herbal Medicines > Flashcards

Exam 5 Herbal Medicines Flashcards

1
Q

What is an important screening question?

A

Do you use herbal supplement instead of or as an adjunct to conventional treatments?

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2
Q

Most popular products used by adults for health reasons?

A 
fish oil/omega 3/DHA
glucosamine
echinacea
flaxseed oil or pills
ginseng
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3
Q

52% of respondents said they used what types of supplements?

A

multivitamins
vitamins E and C
calcium
B-complex vitamins

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4
Q

Mean age of individuals taking supplements?

A

71.4 years

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5
Q

What is polypharmacy?

A

taking more than 1 type of medication

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6
Q

What is polyherbacy?

A

taking 2 or more herbal products

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7
Q

Prevalence of polypharmacy?

A

72.3% (almost 3 quarter)

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8
Q

Prevalence of polyherbacy?

A

16.2%

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9
Q

What percentage at risk of having at least 1 possible drug and herbal-supplement interaction?

A

31.5% (almost a 1/3)

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10
Q

Herbal products and dietary supplements used?

A 
glucosamine
garlic
echinacea
gingko biloba
herbal tea
cod liver oil
St John's wort
ginseng
saw palmetto
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11
Q

Most common reasons for older adults to take herbal stuff?

A

improve general wellness
help manage arthritis
prevent/manage colds
improve memory

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12
Q

Greatest number of reported interactions with HDS?

A 
warfarin (most)
insulin
aspirin
digoxin
ticlopidine
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13
Q

HDS products containing ____ were more likely to have documented interactions with meds and contraindications than vitamins, minerals and other types of dietary supplements.

A

herbs

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14
Q

Patients using medications that have a _____ = greater risk for adverse outcomes because of HDS-drug interactions?

A

narrow therapeutic range

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15
Q

2 examples of meds with narrow therapeutic range?

A

warfarin

digoxin

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16
Q

Many herbs act as ___ and ___ medications and patients are ___ of these effects?

A

anti-platelet
anticoagulant
unaware

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17
Q

Common herbs: ginkgo, garlic, ginseng, ginger antagonize ___?

A

platelet activating factor

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18
Q

What should be discontinued before surgery?

A

all herbal medicines

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19
Q

How many days before surgery should all herbal meds be discontinued?

A

14 days

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20
Q

When “g” is followed by a ____, the herb is associated with a bleeding effect?

A

vowel

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21
Q

Neumonic for herbs and bleeding?

A

Few G’s

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22
Q

Name some herbs linked to bleeding?

A 
Few G's
feverfew
ginkgo biloba
ginger
garlic
ginseng
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23
Q

Garlic components implicated with bleeding?

A

Ajoene
Allicin
Sulfur containing compounds

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24
Q

Defined as inhibits production and/or release of chemical mediators?

A

antiplatelet

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25
Q

MOA for garlic antiplatelet?

A

inhibits production and/or release of chemical mediators:
platelet activating factor
adenosine

26
Q

Ginkgo components implicated in bleeding?

A

Terpenoids

27
Q

MOA for ginkgo antiplatelet?

A

increase prothrombin time and decreases platelet activity

28
Q

What should you not use with ginkgo for the severe risk for spontaneous bleeding

A

aspirin and warfarin

29
Q

Ginseng component implicated in bleeding?

A

ginsenosides

30
Q

MOA for ginseng antiplatelet?

A

inhibit PAF, platelet aggregation, thrombin and thromboplastin

31
Q

Ginseng + __? = potential bleeding?

A

aspirin
NSAIDS
warfarin
heparin

32
Q

Ginger components implicated in bleeding?

A

pungent principles
volatile oils
proteolytic enzymes

33
Q

MOA for ginger antiplatelet?

A

reduces platelet thromboxane, inhibits platelet aggregation

34
Q

Feverfew causes what?

A

irritation of oral mucosa and tongue

35
Q

Major active antidepressive constituents in St. John’s wort?

A

hyperforin

hypericin

36
Q

St. John’s other biologically active consituents?

A

flavonoids

tannins

37
Q

St. John’s wort component implicated in bleeding?

A

hypericin

38
Q

MOA for St. John’s wort?

A

induces some cytochrome P450 liver enzymes

reduces anticoagulant effect of warfarin (increases clotting) and lowers the INR

39
Q

Vitamin E use?

A

fat soluble vitamin

40
Q

Vitamin E is an ____?

A

antioxidant

41
Q

Vitamin E may alter what?

A

vitamin K’s effect on clotting factors

42
Q

Echinacea use?

A

common cold, cough, and bronchitis

43
Q

Echinacea is ____, especially if used with other meds that are also ____.

A

hepatotoxic

44
Q

Echinacea may decrease effectiveness of ____?

A

corticosteroids

45
Q

Feverfew use?

A 
migraine prophylaxis
fever reducer
anti-inflammatory
RA
muscle soreness
46
Q

Feverfew inhibits ____?

A

platelet activity

47
Q

Up to 15% of Feverfew users may develop ___?

A

aphthous ulcers

48
Q

Feverfew may cause irritation to ___?

A

oral mucosa/tongue

49
Q

When is Feverfew contraindicated?

A

pregnancy

50
Q

Kava-kava use?

A

anxiety
stress relief
minor tranquilizer
skeletal muscle relaxant

51
Q

Kava-kava potentiates what?

A

CNS effects of other CNS depressants?

52
Q

Kava-kava may interfere with what drugs?

A

alcohol, BDZ’s, barbituates, sedatives, general anesthesia

53
Q

Kava-kava contraindications?

A

pregnancy
lactation
Parkinson’s disease

54
Q

Licorice use?

A

gastric disorders
antitussive
aphthous ulcers
herpes simplex

55
Q

Licorice may cause ___?

A

hypertension

56
Q

Licorice may alter ___?

A

platelet aggregation

57
Q

Licorice contraindications?

A

pregnancy
lactation
liver or renal impairment

58
Q

Valerian use?

A

mild sedative
mild anxiolytic: anxiety
depression
insomnia

59
Q

Valerian potentiates effects of ___ including ___?

A

CNS depressants

barbiturates

60
Q

Dentists must seek alternative analgesics because of synergistic effects with ___?

A

aspirin

NSAIDS

61
Q

Monitor patients taking ___?

A

warfarin

62
Q

Dentists must cross-reference all herbal and prescription medications prior to prescribing to ensure ___?

A

compatibility

Pharmacolocy 2 (15 decks)

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