Exam 5 (final) - Svensson psychedelics and psychoactive inhalants Flashcards
delusion definition
-fixed, false belief unresponsive to logic
-paranoia is a common manifestation
hallucination definition
-a false perception arising from internal stimuli
-creates a false reality (ex. - nothing is sitting in a chair across from them and they think a dog is sitting in the chair, or hear voices in head)
illusion definition
-a misperception of external stimuli
-distorts reality (ex. - someone is sitting in a chair across from pt and they think a dog is sitting in the chair)
classical psychedelics are derivatives of what 2 structures
-phenethylamine
-tryptamine
dissociative psychedelics are what 3 structures
-phencyclindine
-ketamine
-muscimol
tryptamine derived psychedelics
DMT
LSD
Ibogaine
5-MeO-DiPT
phenethylamine derived psychedelics
mescaline
MDA
MDMA
psilocybin is a prodrug of _____
psilocin
mescaline combines the actions of _____ and _____, two other psychedelics, but ends up being more _________ than stimulatory
LSD, MDMA, hallucinogenic
phenethylamine derived products MOA
increase release of 5HT, DA and NE
-5HT the most
most classical psychedelics are _______ (agonist or antagonist) of ________ receptors
agonists, 5HT2A
what is anxious ego-dissolution
thought disorder leading to unpleasant state (“bad trip”)
psychedelic drug use AE (or risks) - short term
physiologic usually
-tachycardia
-HTN
-tremors
-dry mouth
-N
-hyperthermia
psychedelic drug use AE (or risks) - acute dysphoric reaction (fear)
-terrifying thoughts
-fear of insanity
-fear of losing control
-fear of death
psychedelic drug use AE (or risks) - psychotic reaction
-flashbacks (usually negative)
-changes in personality
-exacerbate underlying psych disorder
-rate of psychosis after LSD is 1-5%
potential therapeutic uses of psychedelics
-cancer related stress
-PTSD
-depression
-SUD (alcohol)
dissociative psychedelics MOA
non-competitive antagonism of NMDA receptors (which are primarily postsynaptic) leads to:
-inhibition of GABA release
-disinhibition of glutamate release
(S) ketamine is 3-4x ______ (more or less) potent than racemic mixture
more
dextromethorphan is abused by _____% of high schoolers
4
normal dosing of dextromethorphan vs. ‘high’ inducing doses
<60mg vs. 100-600mg
PCP is ______ (more or less) potent than ketamine
more
PCP is not only an NMDA antagonist, but a ___ _______ _______ as well
D2 receptor agonist
PCP severe SE
severe dissociation and analgesia
-may lead to self-mutilation without recognition
muscimol is an _______ (agonist or antagonist) of ________
agonist, GABA-A channels
