Exam 5 (final) - Svensson psychedelics and psychoactive inhalants

Question 1

delusion definition

Answer 1

-fixed, false belief unresponsive to logic
-paranoia is a common manifestation

Question 2

hallucination definition

Answer 2

-a false perception arising from internal stimuli
-creates a false reality (ex. - nothing is sitting in a chair across from them and they think a dog is sitting in the chair, or hear voices in head)

Question 3

illusion definition

Answer 3

-a misperception of external stimuli
-distorts reality (ex. - someone is sitting in a chair across from pt and they think a dog is sitting in the chair)

Question 4

classical psychedelics are derivatives of what 2 structures

Answer 4

-phenethylamine
-tryptamine

Question 5

dissociative psychedelics are what 3 structures

Answer 5

-phencyclindine
-ketamine
-muscimol

Question 6

tryptamine derived psychedelics

Answer 6

DMT
LSD
Ibogaine
5-MeO-DiPT

Question 7

phenethylamine derived psychedelics

Answer 7

mescaline
MDA
MDMA

Question 8

psilocybin is a prodrug of _____

Answer 8

psilocin

Question 9

mescaline combines the actions of _____ and _____, two other psychedelics, but ends up being more _________ than stimulatory

Answer 9

LSD, MDMA, hallucinogenic

Question 10

phenethylamine derived products MOA

Answer 10

increase release of 5HT, DA and NE
-5HT the most

Question 11

most classical psychedelics are _______ (agonist or antagonist) of ________ receptors

Answer 11

agonists, 5HT2A

Question 12

what is anxious ego-dissolution

Answer 12

thought disorder leading to unpleasant state (“bad trip”)

Question 13

psychedelic drug use AE (or risks) - short term

Answer 13

physiologic usually
-tachycardia
-HTN
-tremors
-dry mouth
-N
-hyperthermia

Question 14

psychedelic drug use AE (or risks) - acute dysphoric reaction (fear)

Answer 14

-terrifying thoughts
-fear of insanity
-fear of losing control
-fear of death

Question 15

psychedelic drug use AE (or risks) - psychotic reaction

Answer 15

-flashbacks (usually negative)
-changes in personality
-exacerbate underlying psych disorder
-rate of psychosis after LSD is 1-5%

Question 16

potential therapeutic uses of psychedelics

Answer 16

-cancer related stress
-PTSD
-depression
-SUD (alcohol)

Question 17

dissociative psychedelics MOA

Answer 17

non-competitive antagonism of NMDA receptors (which are primarily postsynaptic) leads to:
-inhibition of GABA release
-disinhibition of glutamate release

Question 18

(S) ketamine is 3-4x ______ (more or less) potent than racemic mixture

Answer 18

more

Question 19

dextromethorphan is abused by _____% of high schoolers

Answer 19

4

Question 20

normal dosing of dextromethorphan vs. ‘high’ inducing doses

Answer 20

<60mg vs. 100-600mg

Question 21

PCP is ______ (more or less) potent than ketamine

Answer 21

more

Question 22

PCP is not only an NMDA antagonist, but a ___ _______ _______ as well

Answer 22

D2 receptor agonist

Question 23

PCP severe SE

Answer 23

severe dissociation and analgesia
-may lead to self-mutilation without recognition

Question 24

muscimol is an _______ (agonist or antagonist) of ________

Answer 24

agonist, GABA-A channels

Question 25

nitric oxide release (from misuse of ‘poppers’ or alkyl nitrites) can result in what 3 effects

Answer 25

smooth muscle relaxation
platelet inhibition
changes in gene expression

all from production of methemoglobinemia

Question 26

what is likely responsible for euphoric response in volatile solvent misuse

Answer 26

GABA-A

Question 27

what is sudden sniffing death syndrome

Answer 27

development of fatal arrhythmias within minutes of inhalation

Question 28

risks of inhalant abuse

Answer 28

asphyxiation
suffocation
convulsions or seizures
coma
choking
fatal injury (from accidents like driving while high)

Question 29

acute effects of volatile solvents (5)

Answer 29

-locomotor stimulation
-euphoria
-CNS depression
-slurred speech
-sedation

Question 30

at commonly used doses, psychedelic agents induce ____ rather than ______

Answer 30

illusions, hallucinations

Question 31

long term volatile solvent inhalation is ________ to those who inhale them recreationally and by occupational exposure

Answer 31

neurotoxic