Exam 4 - Yang ADHD Flashcards
Is ADHD genetic?
yes, it can be, often caused by multiple genes unlike autism which is caused by one
diagnosis criteria for ADHD
sx at ages 5-9 (usually diagnosed before age 12)
-6 or more sx must be present
-significant impairment in 2 or more settings (home vs school)
-sx documented by parent, teacher and clinician
-interferes with functioning and development
common sx of ADHD
-inattention: not listening, unorganized, easily distracted, losing things
-hyperactivity: fidgety, squirmy
-impulsivity: leaves seat, climbs/runs excessively, interrupts
Pharmacology (MOA) of methylxanthines (caffeine, theophylline)
antagonize adenosine receptors
-inhibit phosphodiesterases which increases cAMP
-increase intracellular Ca2+
difference between cocaine and amphetamines as it relates to NET
-cocaine blocks NET (indirect)
-amphetamines mimic NE to bind to NET, which reverses transport of NE
-both increase levels of NE in synapse
difference in dopamine, norepinephrine, stimulants structure
at R group:
dopamine is H
norepinephrine is OH
stimulants look similar but no OH groups, contain N and cyclic structure
amphetamines pharmacology
non-selective activation of monoamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin)
amphetamine uses
narcolepsy
weight loss
ADHD
dextroamphetamine brand
Dexedrine
lisdexamphetamine brand
Vyvanse
methylphenidate brand
Ritalin
dexmethylphenidate brand
Focalin
mixed salts brands
Adderall
Mydayis
non stimulants used for ADHD
atomoxetine (Stratterera)
TCAs
Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
clonidine (catapres)
gaunfacine (Tenex)
modafinil (Provigil) (approved for narcolopesy, not ADHD)
treatment options for narcolepsy
stimulants (for sleepiness)
antidepressants
solriamfetol (Sunosi)
modafinil (Provigil)
GHB (Xyrem)
pitolisant
