Exam 5 Drugs to Know Flashcards
put patients taking this drug on fall risk due to sedation and hypotension (do not take with CNS depressants)
promethazine (phenothiazine)
this drug decreases ammonia-forming bacteria (not commonly given)
neomycin
cautiously use antacids in these four patients due to increased sodium
older adults, cirrhosis, hypertension, renal
this drug class is given as IV bolus followed by an infusion for an upper GI bleed
PPI
this drug is contraindicated with SSRIs (causes serotonin syndrome)
ondansetron (5-HT3/serotonin antagonist)
drug class that can reduce instance of hemorrhage of esophageal varices by decreasing high portal pressure (two specific in parentheses)
beta blockers (nadolol, propranolol)
to treat bile reflux gastritis, administer this specific drug that binds bile salts
cholestyramine
if a patient is in renal failure, do not give antacids with ____________
magnesium
cytoprotective drug therapy (specific drug) that protects esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
sucralfate
four drugs that may be used to treat chronic hepatitis C (two of these in parentheses may be combined to treat)
interferon alpha, ribavirin, telaprevir, boceprevir (interferon alpha, ribavirin)
drug used for delayed gastric emptying (and pyloric stenosis in pediatrics)
metoclopramide (prokinetic)
drug class FDA approved specifically for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting
neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists
this drug used for nausea/vomiting can also be used for vertigo
meclizine
three antacids to know (GERD)
aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide
IBD drug class that decreases inflammation
corticosteroids
this drug class reduces gastric acid secretion associated with peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
PPI
use and route of octreotide
use: decrease portal pressure
route: IV
medication given to cirrhosis patients who are combative due to hepatic encephalopathy
Serax
may cause extrapyramidal side effects such as tardive dyskinesia, especially with chronic use or high doses
metoclopramide (prokinetic)
three specific medications that can be used to treat gallbladder disorders
ursodiol (Actigall), chenodeoxycholic acid (Chenix), cholestyramine (Questran)
this drug can be used in combination with vasopressin to reduce its effects (in treating esophageal varices)
nitroglycerine
this drug class increases gastric emptying and motility (GERD)
prokinetics
two drug classes used to treat acute gastritis
PPIs, H2 receptor blockers
five drugs that sucralfate binds to (decreases activity of)
cimetidine, digoxin, warfarin, phenytoin, tetracycline
this gallbladder disorder specific medication promotes bile salt excretion
cholestyramine (Questran)
unless on chemotherapy, do not give more than ______ per day of ondansetron disintegrating tablet
8 mg
this medication is used to prevent tetany in patients with pancreatitis
calcium gluconate (tetany is a symptom of hypocalcemia- this drug replaces calcium)
three H2 blockers and PPIs used to help treat pancreatitis
cimetidine (Tagamet), ranitidine (Zantac), omeprazole (Prilosec)
this specific drug blocks dopamine receptors that trigger nausea and vomiting
promethazine
nausea/vomiting drug available as deep IM, oral, rectal, or IV
promethazine (phenothiazine)
sucralfate works best in _____ pH; give __________ before or after antacid
low, 1-2 hours
this drug class is given after the acute phase of an upper GI bleed
antacid
specific drug: avoid parenteral routes due to risk of severe tissue injury
promethazine
alternative drug therapy for H. pylori infection includes ___________ alone or combined with _______________ and _______________
bismuth, tetracycline, metronidazole
two drug classes that are most common and effective against GERD
H2 receptor blockers, PPIs
these two drug classes are used to eliminate H. pylori infection in peptic ulcer disease
antibiotics, PPI
four drugs that may be used to treat chronic hepatitis B
interferon (alpha), nucleosides, nucleotide analog, lamivudine (Epivir HBV)
this drug class neutralizes acid and provides quick relief for mild, intermittent symptoms of GERD
antacids
three H2 receptor blockers to know (GERD)
famotidine, cimetidine, ranitidine (think -tidine)
this drug class decreases HCl secretion and irritation (GERD)
H2 receptor blockers
this drug used for nausea/vomiting is available in a patch kept on for 3 days/72 hours
scopolamine
long-term use of PPIs can cause these four complications
osteoporosis (decreased bone density; hip, wrist, spine fractures), kidney disease, deficiency of vitamin B12 and magnesium, risk of dementia
three antiemetic drugs used to treat nausea associated with hepatitis
prochlorperazine, promethazine, ondansetron
antibiotic therapy for H. pylori includes _______ (time period) of ________________ or if allergic, ________________
14 days, penicillin (amoxicillin), metronidazole
specific antihistamine drug used for motion sickness (take 1 hour before possible motion sickness)
meclizine
this drug class is most effective for healing esophagitis and decreased incidence of strictures (GERD); take before first meal
PPIs
this medication is used to help control pain in patients with pancreatitis
morphine
take antacids ____________ after meals and at __________
1-3 hours, bedtime
this drug used for nausea/vomiting should only be used when other therapies are not effective due to potential for abuse and sedation
dronabinol (cannabinoid)
side effects of this drug class include CNS (anxiety to hallucinations) and extrapyramidal effects (tremor and dyskinesia)
prokinetics
drug that causes contents of colon to be more acidic and reduces ammonia levels in the blood
lactulose
this drug burns veins (caustic agent); never IV push
promethazine (phenothiazine)
these three medications can be used to help treat esophageal varices
prophylactic antibiotics, octreotide, vitamin K
these two drugs are given to prevent hepatic encephalopathy from breakdown of blood and release of ammonia in intestine (varices)
lactulose, rifaximin
avoid this hepatitis drug in pregnancy because of teratogenic effects on embryo and developing fetus
ribavirin
three PPIs to know (GERD)
omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole (think -prazole)
H2 receptor blockers: onset ________; duration up to ________
1 hour; 12 hours
antacid use can cause __________________
electrolyte imbalances
four adjunct drug classes and one specific drug used to treat peptic ulcer disease
antacids, H2 blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, anticholinergics, misoprostol
