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Nursing of Adults I > Chapter 30: Lower Respiratory Problems- Ragsdale > Flashcards

Chapter 30: Lower Respiratory Problems- Ragsdale Flashcards

1
Q

acute care for tuberculosis patients involves placing patients on ___________ isolation

A

airborne

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2
Q

primary initial manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis

A

dry cough that often becomes productive with mucoid or mucopurulent sputum

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3
Q

risk factors for pneumonia: this type of drug use

A

IV

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4
Q

two late manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis

A

dyspnea, hemoptysis

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5
Q

risk factors for pneumonia: resident of a _____________

A

long-term care facility

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6
Q

three manifestations of pneumonia that may occur in the older adult patient

A

confusion/stupor
hypothermia
nonspecific (diaphoresis, anorexia, fatigue, myalgias, headache)

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7
Q

tuberculosis patients in the community should have a ______________ every __________ until ___ consecutive cultures are negative

A

sputum specimen culture, month, 2

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8
Q

type of tuberculosis infection that starts when the bacteria are inhaled and trigger an inflammatory reaction

A

primary tuberculosis infection

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9
Q

type of tuberculosis infection characterized by widespread dissemination of the mycobacterium through the bloodstream to several distant organs (also a complication); can have manifestations such as fever, cough, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly

A

miliary tuberculosis

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10
Q

risk factors for pneumonia: ___________ intubation

A

tracheal

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11
Q

type of tuberculosis infection in which bacteria replicate

A

active tuberculosis infection

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12
Q

risk factors for pneumonia: these five chronic diseases

A

chronic lung and liver disease
diabetes
heart disease
cancer
chronic kidney disease

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13
Q

in patients with latent tuberculosis infection, _____ therapy with usually _______ helps prevent a TB infection from developing into active TB disease

A

drug, 1 drug

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14
Q

pertussis cough is more frequent (during the day, at night)

A

at night

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15
Q

the continuation phase of tuberculosis treatment lasts ______________

A

4 or 7 months

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16
Q

six pneumonia complications that can occur in older adults and in those with chronic diseases

A

pleurisy
pleural effusion
bacteremia
pneumothorax
acute respiratory failure (ARF)
sepsis

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17
Q

risk factors for pneumonia: exposure to four types of animal feces

A

bats, birds, rabbits, farm animal

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18
Q

the second stage of pertussis lasts __________ and is characterized by ________________

A

2-10 weeks, paroxysms of cough

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19
Q

CNS tuberculosis can cause this

A

bacterial meningitis

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20
Q

standard treatment regimen for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI)

A

9 months of daily isoniazid

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21
Q

risk factors for pneumonia: two types of surgeries

A

abdominal, chest

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22
Q

treatment goal for bronchitis is _____________ and includes __________________, encouraging ___________ intake, and using a __________.

A

supportive, cough suppressants, oral fluid, humidifier

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23
Q

involves providing the antitubercular drugs directly to patients and watching as they swallow the drugs

A

directly observed therapy (DOT)

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24
Q

pneumonia caused by _______________ is a complication

A

multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens

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25
Q

the first stage of pertussis lasts __________ and manifests as a mild ________ with a low-grade or no fever, runny nose, watery eyes, malaise, and mild/nonproductive cough

A

1-2 weeks, upper respiratory tract (URI) infection

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26
Q

two drugs used in the continuation phase of tuberculosis treatment

A

isoniazid, rifampin

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27
Q

two uncommon pneumonia complications

A

lung abscess, empyema

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28
Q

hallmark characteristic of pertussis

A

uncontrollable, violent coughing that produces a “whoop” sound

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29
Q

when the site of tuberculosis is in one of these two places, it is contagious and transmittable

A

lungs (pulmonary), larynx (laryngeal)

30
Q

tuberculosis patients should be placed in a single-occupancy room with ___________ pressure and airflow of ________ exchanges per hour

A

negative, 6-12

31
Q

risk factors for pneumonia: _____ pollution

A

air

32
Q

type of pneumonia that occurs in patients who have not been hospitalized or in long-term care within 14 days of onset

A

community-acquired pneumonia

33
Q

the intensive/initial phase for tuberculosis treatment lasts __________

A

2 months

34
Q

pertussis patients (should, should not) use cough suppressants and antihistamines and why

A

should not, they are ineffective and may cause coughing

35
Q

type of tuberculosis infection in which active disease develops 2 or more years after the initial infection

A

post-primary or reactivation tuberculosis

36
Q

four chest X-ray findings suggestive (not diagnostic) of tuberculosis

A

upper lobe infiltrates
cavitary infiltrates
lymph node involvement
pleural and/or pericardial effusion

37
Q

risk factors for pneumonia: this age group

A

> 65 years

38
Q

type of tuberculosis infection that occurs in a person who does not have active tuberculosis disease

A

latent tuberculosis infection

39
Q

gold standard for diagnosing tuberculosis

A

sputum culture

40
Q

treatment for pertussis

A

macrolide antibiotics

41
Q

standard method to screen people for tuberculosis

A

tuberculin skin test (TST) using purified protein derivative (PPD)

42
Q

most common symptom of bronchitis

A

cough (that may last up to 3 weeks)

43
Q

six most common presenting symptoms of pneumonia

A

cough, fever, chills, dyspnea, tachypnea, pleuritic chest pain

44
Q

type of pneumonia that occurs in non-intubated patients that begins 48 hours after admission to the hospital

A

hospital-acquired pneumonia

45
Q

pertussis cough may last _____________

A

6-10 weeks

46
Q

risk factors for pneumonia: prolonged ___________ and _______

A

immobility, bed rest

47
Q

pneumonia sputum may be any of these three colors

A

green, yellow, rust (bloody)

48
Q

live, attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis that is given as a vaccine to infants in parts of the world with high prevalence of TB

A

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine

49
Q

blood test that detects INF-gamma release from T cells in response to M. tuberculosis

A

interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) release assays (IGRAs)

50
Q

in the acute care setting, pertussis may be diagnosed with _______________, _________ of nasopharyngeal secretions, or ___________ testing

A

nasopharyngeal cultures, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serology

51
Q

risk factors for pneumonia: altered ______

A

level of consciousness (LOC)

52
Q

four drugs used in the intensive/initial phase of tuberculosis treatment

A

isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol

53
Q

tuberculosis in the spine

A

Pott disease

54
Q

risk factors for pneumonia: this type of infection

A

upper respiratory infection

55
Q

risk factors for pneumonia: this nutritional state

A

malnutrition

56
Q

risk factors for pneumonia: enteral feedings via ________________

A

naso- or orogastric or intestinal tubes

57
Q

if consolidation is present in an pneumonia patient, these three assessment findings may also be present

A

bronchial breath sounds
egophony
increased fremitus

58
Q

risk factors for pneumonia: inhalation or aspiration of ___________________

A

noxious substances

59
Q

consolidation is (present, absent) with bronchitis

A

absent

60
Q

to help diagnose pneumonia, a chest X-ray is performed to look for ______________

A

consolidation

61
Q

lung sounds in a pneumonia patient

A

fine or coarse crackles

62
Q

pertussis patients are contagious from ______________________ through the _____________ after onset of symptoms or until _________ after starting antibiotic therapy

A

beginning of the first stage, third week, 5 days

63
Q

specific type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis infection that can result from either primary disease or reactivation of a latent infection; common manifestations include chest pain, fever, cough, unilateral pleural effusion

A

pleural tuberculosis

64
Q

these two bloodwork tests are helpful in diagnosing pneumonia

A

ABGs
WBC count

65
Q

the third/last stage of pertussis lasts ____________ with a less severe ____________ and ___________

A

2-3 weeks, cough, weakness

66
Q

to prevent acute bronchitis, encourage patients to not ________, avoid ___________, and __________ often.

A

smoke, secondhand smoke, wash hands

67
Q

type of tuberculosis infection in which active disease develops within the first 2 years of infection

A

primary tuberculosis

68
Q

abdominal tuberculosis can lead to this

A

peritonitis

69
Q

before starting antibiotic therapy for pneumonia, a ____________ culture and __________ should be done

A

sputum, Gram stain

70
Q

in the community, pertussis is diagnosed via ______________ and ___________

A

history, assessment

Nursing of Adults I (21 decks)

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