Chapter 30: Lower Respiratory Problems- Ragsdale

Question 1

acute care for tuberculosis patients involves placing patients on ___________ isolation

Answer 1

airborne

Question 2

primary initial manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis

Answer 2

dry cough that often becomes productive with mucoid or mucopurulent sputum

Question 3

risk factors for pneumonia: this type of drug use

Answer 3

IV

Question 4

two late manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis

Answer 4

dyspnea, hemoptysis

Question 5

risk factors for pneumonia: resident of a _____________

Answer 5

long-term care facility

Question 6

three manifestations of pneumonia that may occur in the older adult patient

Answer 6

confusion/stupor
hypothermia
nonspecific (diaphoresis, anorexia, fatigue, myalgias, headache)

Question 7

tuberculosis patients in the community should have a ______________ every __________ until ___ consecutive cultures are negative

Answer 7

sputum specimen culture, month, 2

Question 8

type of tuberculosis infection that starts when the bacteria are inhaled and trigger an inflammatory reaction

Answer 8

primary tuberculosis infection

Question 9

type of tuberculosis infection characterized by widespread dissemination of the mycobacterium through the bloodstream to several distant organs (also a complication); can have manifestations such as fever, cough, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly

Answer 9

miliary tuberculosis

Question 10

risk factors for pneumonia: ___________ intubation

Answer 10

tracheal

Question 11

type of tuberculosis infection in which bacteria replicate

Answer 11

active tuberculosis infection

Question 12

risk factors for pneumonia: these five chronic diseases

Answer 12

chronic lung and liver disease
diabetes
heart disease
cancer
chronic kidney disease

Question 13

in patients with latent tuberculosis infection, _____ therapy with usually _______ helps prevent a TB infection from developing into active TB disease

Answer 13

drug, 1 drug

Question 14

pertussis cough is more frequent (during the day, at night)

Answer 14

at night

Question 15

the continuation phase of tuberculosis treatment lasts ______________

Answer 15

4 or 7 months

Question 16

six pneumonia complications that can occur in older adults and in those with chronic diseases

Answer 16

pleurisy
pleural effusion
bacteremia
pneumothorax
acute respiratory failure (ARF)
sepsis

Question 17

risk factors for pneumonia: exposure to four types of animal feces

Answer 17

bats, birds, rabbits, farm animal

Question 18

the second stage of pertussis lasts __________ and is characterized by ________________

Answer 18

2-10 weeks, paroxysms of cough

Question 19

CNS tuberculosis can cause this

Answer 19

bacterial meningitis

Question 20

standard treatment regimen for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI)

Answer 20

9 months of daily isoniazid

Question 21

risk factors for pneumonia: two types of surgeries

Answer 21

abdominal, chest

Question 22

treatment goal for bronchitis is _____________ and includes __________________, encouraging ___________ intake, and using a __________.

Answer 22

supportive, cough suppressants, oral fluid, humidifier

Question 23

involves providing the antitubercular drugs directly to patients and watching as they swallow the drugs

Answer 23

directly observed therapy (DOT)

Question 24

pneumonia caused by _______________ is a complication

Answer 24

multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens

Question 25

the first stage of pertussis lasts __________ and manifests as a mild ________ with a low-grade or no fever, runny nose, watery eyes, malaise, and mild/nonproductive cough

Answer 25

1-2 weeks, upper respiratory tract (URI) infection

Question 26

two drugs used in the continuation phase of tuberculosis treatment

Answer 26

isoniazid, rifampin

Question 27

two uncommon pneumonia complications

Answer 27

lung abscess, empyema

Question 28

hallmark characteristic of pertussis

Answer 28

uncontrollable, violent coughing that produces a "whoop" sound

Question 29

when the site of tuberculosis is in one of these two places, it is contagious and transmittable

Answer 29

lungs (pulmonary), larynx (laryngeal)

Question 30

tuberculosis patients should be placed in a single-occupancy room with ___________ pressure and airflow of ________ exchanges per hour

Answer 30

negative, 6-12

Question 31

risk factors for pneumonia: _____ pollution

Answer 31

air

Question 32

type of pneumonia that occurs in patients who have not been hospitalized or in long-term care within 14 days of onset

Answer 32

community-acquired pneumonia

Question 33

the intensive/initial phase for tuberculosis treatment lasts __________

Answer 33

2 months

Question 34

pertussis patients (should, should not) use cough suppressants and antihistamines and why

Answer 34

should not, they are ineffective and may cause coughing

Question 35

type of tuberculosis infection in which active disease develops 2 or more years after the initial infection

Answer 35

post-primary or reactivation tuberculosis

Question 36

four chest X-ray findings suggestive (not diagnostic) of tuberculosis

Answer 36

upper lobe infiltrates cavitary infiltrates lymph node involvement pleural and/or pericardial effusion

Question 37

risk factors for pneumonia: this age group

Answer 37

>65 years

Question 38

type of tuberculosis infection that occurs in a person who does not have active tuberculosis disease

Answer 38

latent tuberculosis infection

Question 39

gold standard for diagnosing tuberculosis

Answer 39

sputum culture

Question 40

treatment for pertussis

Answer 40

macrolide antibiotics

Question 41

standard method to screen people for tuberculosis

Answer 41

tuberculin skin test (TST) using purified protein derivative (PPD)

Question 42

most common symptom of bronchitis

Answer 42

cough (that may last up to 3 weeks)

Question 43

six most common presenting symptoms of pneumonia

Answer 43

cough, fever, chills, dyspnea, tachypnea, pleuritic chest pain

Question 44

type of pneumonia that occurs in non-intubated patients that begins 48 hours after admission to the hospital

Answer 44

hospital-acquired pneumonia

Question 45

pertussis cough may last _____________

Answer 45

6-10 weeks

Question 46

risk factors for pneumonia: prolonged ___________ and _______

Answer 46

immobility, bed rest

Question 47

pneumonia sputum may be any of these three colors

Answer 47

green, yellow, rust (bloody)

Question 48

live, attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis that is given as a vaccine to infants in parts of the world with high prevalence of TB

Answer 48

Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine

Question 49

blood test that detects INF-gamma release from T cells in response to M. tuberculosis

Answer 49

interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) release assays (IGRAs)

Question 50

in the acute care setting, pertussis may be diagnosed with _______________, _________ of nasopharyngeal secretions, or ___________ testing

Answer 50

nasopharyngeal cultures, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serology

Question 51

risk factors for pneumonia: altered ______

Answer 51

level of consciousness (LOC)

Question 52

four drugs used in the intensive/initial phase of tuberculosis treatment

Answer 52

isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol

Question 53

tuberculosis in the spine

Answer 53

Pott disease

Question 54

risk factors for pneumonia: this type of infection

Answer 54

upper respiratory infection

Question 55

risk factors for pneumonia: this nutritional state

Answer 55

malnutrition

Question 56

risk factors for pneumonia: enteral feedings via ________________

Answer 56

naso- or orogastric or intestinal tubes

Question 57

if consolidation is present in an pneumonia patient, these three assessment findings may also be present

Answer 57

bronchial breath sounds egophony increased fremitus

Question 58

risk factors for pneumonia: inhalation or aspiration of ___________________

Answer 58

noxious substances

Question 59

consolidation is (present, absent) with bronchitis

Answer 59

absent

Question 60

to help diagnose pneumonia, a chest X-ray is performed to look for ______________

Answer 60

consolidation

Question 61

lung sounds in a pneumonia patient

Answer 61

fine or coarse crackles

Question 62

pertussis patients are contagious from ______________________ through the _____________ after onset of symptoms or until _________ after starting antibiotic therapy

Answer 62

beginning of the first stage, third week, 5 days

Question 63

specific type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis infection that can result from either primary disease or reactivation of a latent infection; common manifestations include chest pain, fever, cough, unilateral pleural effusion

Answer 63

pleural tuberculosis

Question 64

these two bloodwork tests are helpful in diagnosing pneumonia

Answer 64

ABGs WBC count

Question 65

the third/last stage of pertussis lasts ____________ with a less severe ____________ and ___________

Answer 65

2-3 weeks, cough, weakness

Question 66

to prevent acute bronchitis, encourage patients to not ________, avoid ___________, and __________ often.

Answer 66

smoke, secondhand smoke, wash hands

Question 67

type of tuberculosis infection in which active disease develops within the first 2 years of infection

Answer 67

primary tuberculosis

Question 68

abdominal tuberculosis can lead to this

Answer 68

peritonitis

Question 69

before starting antibiotic therapy for pneumonia, a ____________ culture and __________ should be done

Answer 69

sputum, Gram stain

Question 70

in the community, pertussis is diagnosed via ______________ and ___________

Answer 70

history, assessment