Chapter 41: Vascular Disorders Flashcards
two risk factors for thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease)
men younger than 45 years
long history of tobacco and/or marijuana use
(without other CVD risk factors)
treatment for peripheral artery disease involves _____________ modification, ______ therapy, __________ therapy, ______________ therapy, and sometimes __________.
risk factor, drug, exercise, nutrition, surgery
surgery that involves opening the artery and removing the obstructing plaque
endarterectomy
peripheral artery disease or venous disease: ulcer drainage moderate to large amount
peripheral venous disease
three examples of complimentary alternative medicines used for peripheral artery disease
DHEA omega 3 fatty acids
black cohosh
garlic supplements
peripheral artery disease or venous disease: ankle-brachial index >0.90
peripheral venous disease
severe, life-threatening complication of acute ascending aorta dissection that occurs when blood escapes from dissection into pericardial sac
cardiac tamponade
in diagnosing aneurysms, ___________ may reveal abnormal widening of the thoracic aorta, and ________________ may show calcification within the aortic wall
chest X-ray, abdominal X-ray
Manifestations of peripheral artery disease: pallor develops when the leg is ____________
elevated
peripheral artery disease or venous disease: dermatitis often occurs
peripheral venous disease
Aortic surgery patients with a history of CVD should receive a drug from this class
beta blocker
disorder that involves the formation of a thrombus with vein inflammation
venous thrombosis
type of aneurysm that is typically asymptomatic or mimic pain associated with abdominal or back disorders; a pulsatile mass in periumbilical area slightly to the left of the midline may be present on physical assessment
abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
in diagnosing aneurysms, _______________ gives helpful information by using contrast imaging to map the entire aortic system
angiography
peripheral artery disease or venous disease: hair may be present or absent
peripheral venous disease
condition characterized by chronic ischemic rest pain lasting more than 2 weeks, nonhealing arterial leg ulcers, or gangrene of the leg from PAD
critical limb ischemia (CLI)
potentially lethal complication in emergency repair of AAA is development of this impaired organ perfusion caused by IAH and resulting multisystem organ failure
abdominal compartment syndrome
episodic vasospastic disorder of small cutaneous arteries, most often involving the fingers and toes
Raynaud’s phenomenon
results from the creation of a false lumen between the intima and the media of arterial wall
aortic dissection
type of aneurysm that is circumferential and relatively uniform in shape
fusiform aneurysm
Manifestations of peripheral artery disease: ______ pain can occur with progression and worsening of disease
rest
seepage of blood back into the old aneurysm
endoleak
Aortic aneurysm surgery: Adequate _____ is important to maintain graft patency. Give __________ and _________________ to maintain blood flow.
blood pressure (BP), IV fluids, blood components
Educating patients with critical limb ischemia involves ____________, ____________, and _________________ the feet to prevent skin cracking and infection, keeping the affected foot ________ and ______, wearing ______, ________, and ___________ footwear, and avoiding ____ and _____ extremes
inspecting, cleansing, lubricating, clean, dry, soft, roomy, protective, hot, cold
non-atherosclerotic, segmental, recurrent inflammatory disorder of the small and medium arteries and veins of the arms and legs
thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease)
five risk factors of peripheral artery disease (PAD)
age over 60
hypertension
hyperlipidemia
smoking
diabetes
peripheral artery disease or venous disease: capillary refill <3 seconds
peripheral venous disease
In diagnosing aortic dissection, this may show a widening of the mediastinum and pleural effusion
chest X-ray
peripheral artery disease or venous disease: edema is absent unless leg is constantly in dependent position
peripheral artery disease
peripheral artery disease or venous disease: ulcer tissue: yellow slough or dark red, “ruddy” granulation
peripheral venous disease
may occur in isolation but could occur with thyroid, scleroderma, SLE, environmental factors (vibratory or cold machinery, exposure to heavy metals)
Raynaud’s phenomenon
peripheral artery disease or venous disease: ulcer often painful
peripheral venous disease
formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein
superficial vein thrombosis
in diagnosing aneurysms, a(n) ________ may rule out an MI
ECG
conservative management for patient with critical limb ischemia involves protecting the extremity from ___________, decreasing ______________, preventing and controlling ____________, and improving ___________
trauma, ischemic pain, infection, perfusion
peripheral artery disease or venous disease: loss of hair on legs, feet, toes
peripheral artery disease
type of aneurysm that is a disruption of all arterial wall layers with bleeding that is contained by surrounding anatomic structures
false aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm
if acute arterial ischemia is present, immediate intervention is needed to avoid these three things
ischemia, necrosis, gangrene
represents the spectrum from deep vein thrombosis to pulmonary embolism
venous thromboembolism (VTE)
type of aneurysm in which the wall of the artery forms the aneurysm with at least 1 vessel layer still intact
true aneurysm
peripheral artery disease or venous disease: skin color bronze-brown pigmentation
peripheral venous disease
these two diagnostic tests show the location and extent of peripheral artery disease (PAD)
angiography
magnetic resonance angiography
in diagnosing aneurysms, a ______ or ________ can diagnose and assess the location and severity of aneurysms
CT, MRI
potentially lethal complication in emergency repair of AAA is development of this reduction of blood flow to the viscera
intraabdominal hypertension (IAH)
six manifestations of acute arterial ischemia
pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesia, paralysis, poikilothermia
peripheral artery disease or venous disease: ulcer located near medial malleolus
peripheral venous disease
this type of aneurysm surgical repair involves a large abdominal incision through which the surgeon cuts into the diseased aortic segment, removes any thrombus or plaque, sutures a synthetic graft to the aorta proximal and distal to the aneurysm, and sutures the native aortic wall around the graft to act as a protective cover
open aneurysm repair (OAR)