Exam 5 Ch 19-23

Question 1

What does AEIOU-TIPS mean?

Answer 1

Alcohol 
Epilepsy, endocrine, electrolytes
Insulin 
Opiates and other drugs
Uremia (kidney failure)
Trauma, Temperature 
Infection 
Poisoning, psychogenic causes
Shock, stroke, space-occupying lesion,
Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 2

How long does it take for a Healthy individual to Clot?

Answer 2

Little as 13 sec for papercut

Not longer than about 7 min for something more serious that requires direct pressure

Question 3

What Components make up Blood?

Answer 3

1. Red Blood Cells (RBCs) 42-47% of Blood
   Carries 97% of Oxygen in blood and some CarbonDioxide
2. White Blood Cells (WBCs) 0.1-0.2% of Blood
   Collect dead cells and provide for their Correct Disposal
3. Platelets 4-7% of Blood
   Essential for Clot formation
4. Plasma Serves as transportation media for all of the Bloods components as well as Proteins and Minerals

Question 4

What are the 5 General Categories of common Allergies?

Answer 4

Food: May be most common, accounts for 30% of death from anaphylaxis
Medication: Second most common source of Anaphylactic reactions, particularly Antibiotics.
Plants:
Chemical: Up to 12% of health care providers become sensitized to Latex
Insect bites and stings: m The act of injecting Venom is called Envenomation

Question 5

Hives is also called?

Answer 5

Uticaria

Question 6

What Percentage of adults and children are allergic to the venom of what stinging insects and accounting for how many deaths in the US each year?

Answer 6

Bees, Wasps, and Hornets
3% for Adults
1% for Children
50 Deaths per year in the US

Question 7

What is a Wheal?

Answer 7

A raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin resulting feom am insect biteor allergic reaction.

Question 8

In more Severe (anaphylactic) cases, patients may experience what?

Answer 8

Bronchospasm 
Wheezing
Chest Tightness
Coughing
Dyspnea
Anxiety 
Gastrointestinal complaints
Hypotension

Question 9

What are the routes Poisons enter the body?

Answer 9

Inhalation
Absorbtion
Ingestion
Injection

Question 10

What does SLUDGEM mean?

Answer 10

Salivation, Sweating
Lacrimation (Excessive tearing of the eyes)
Urination
Defecation, Drooling, Diarrhea
Gastric upset and cramps
Emesis (Vomiting)
Muscle twitching/miosis (Pinpoint Pupils)

Airway Compromise

Question 11

What does DUMBELS mean?

Answer 11

Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis (Constriction of pupils), Muscle weakness
Bradycardia, Bronchospasm, Bronchorrhea (Discharge of mucus from the lungs)
Emesis (Vomiting)
Lacrimation (Excessive tearing)
Seizures, Salivation, Sweating

Question 12

What is ketone production?

Answer 12

Your liver produces ketones when you don’t have enough insulin in your body to turn glucose into energy.

Question 13

Kussmaul respirations are a result of what?

Answer 13

When the kidneys become saturated with Ketones and glucose, they do not work properly to maintain acid balance in the body. The body begins to breathe deeper and faster. This is the bodies attempt to reduce the acid level by releasing more carbon dioxide through the lungs.

Question 14

Why and how should the EMT administer oral glucose?

Answer 14

You should administer oral glucose to any patient who has decreased levels of consciousness.

Step 1: make sure the tube of glucose is intact and has not expired

Step 2: squeeze a generous amount of glucose on the bottom third of a bite stick or tongue depressor

Step 3: Open the patient’s mouth. Play’s the tongue depressor on the mucous membranes between the cheek and gum with the glucose side next to the cheek. Repeat until entire tube is used.

Question 15

What are signs and symptoms of type one diabetes?

Answer 15

early onset signs and symptoms of type one diabetes are, Frequent urination, dehydration, increased hunger, weight loss, fatigue.

Question 16

How do you obtain blood glucose?

Answer 16

By using a glucometer.

Question 17

What is the normal level of blood glucose?

Answer 17

Between 80-120 mg/dL

Question 18

What is diabetic ketoacidosis?

Answer 18

A life threatening illness caused by continued fat metabolism and ketone production. Symptoms include body aches, Nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, altered metal status or unconscious. If DKA is not rapidly recognized and treated it could result in death.

Question 19

Type one diabetes is considered what type of problem in the body?

Answer 19

Type one diabetes is an auto immune disorder in which the individual’s immune system produces antibodies against the pancreatic beta cells.

Question 20

What Is excessive eating?

Answer 20

Polyphagia

Question 21

What is the treatment for anaphylaxis?

Answer 21

All patients with signs of anaphylaxis must be treated with oxygen. And Epinephrine

Question 22

Side effects and symptoms of epinephrine?

Answer 22

Palpitations
Pale skin.
Headache.
Sweating.

Question 23

What is an allergen?

Answer 23

A substance that causes an allergic reaction

Question 24

How do you use an epi auto-injector?

Answer 24

Step 1: remove the safety cap from the auto injector. If possible quickly wipe the patients thigh with alcohol or some type of antiseptic.

Step 2: Place the tip of the Auto injector against the patient’s lateral thigh Midway between the groin and knee.

Step 3: push the injector firmly against the thigh until a click is heard. This indicates the injector has activated and medication is being administered. Maintain steady pressure to avoid kick back from the spring in the syringe and prevent the needle being pushed out of the injection site too soon. Hold for 10 seconds.

Step 4: Remove the injector and dispose in a proper biohazard container.

Step 5: Rob the area for 10 seconds.

Question 25

What is a rapidly fatal effect of anaphylaxis?

Answer 25

Respiratory or cardiovascular distress in the form of shock.

Question 26

What are epinephrine indications during allergic reaction?

Answer 26

Severe allergic reaction causing airway, breathing, or circulatory compromise or an anaphylactic reaction

Question 27

What is the administration of Epinephrine via intramuscular?

Answer 27

Using a vile of 1:1,000 concentration epinephrine along with a needle and syringe, the typical adult does is 0.3mg injected into the midanterolateral thigh. The pediatric dose is weight based with the most common dosage being .15mg in the form of epi pen jr

Question 28

How Long does it take for Epi to work?

Answer 28

Epinephrine can have effect within 1 minute

Question 29

What is urticaria?

Answer 29

Hives. Characterized by multiple, small raised areas on the skin. One of the warning signs of an impending anaphylactic reaction

Question 30

How does activated charcoal work?

Answer 30

Activated charcoal bind to specific toxins, for example, pills that have been infested. And prevents their absorption by the body. The toxins are then carried out of the body through stool. If a patient is unconscious and cannot protect her airway do not give them activated charcoal.

Question 31

Can injected poisons be diluted or removed?

Answer 31

Injected poisons cannot be diluted or removed from the body in the field Because they are usually absorbs quickly into the body or cause intense local tissue destruction.

Question 32

What is heroin overdose treatment?

Answer 32

Naloxone(narcan), can be given intravenously, intramuscularly, or intranasally. Intranasally is becoming the preferred method with heroin overdose because of “track marks” making it harder for intravenously administration.

Question 33

What are signs and symptoms of sympathomimetic drug overdose?

Answer 33

Irritability, anxiety, fear, lack of concentration, or seizures. Paranoia and delusions.

Question 34

How is substance abuse mostly defined?

Answer 34

The miss use of any substance to produce a desired effect

Question 35

What is the most significant factor that contributes to suicide?

Answer 35

Depression

Question 36

What is a psychiatric emergency?

Answer 36

An emergency in which abnormal behavior threatens A patient’s own health and safety or the health and safety of another person. For example, when a person becomes suicidal, homicidal, or has a psychotic episode.

Question 37

What is the first step in assessing patients with behavioral emergency?

Answer 37

Immediately request law enforcement to to secure and maintain scene safety. Do not attempt to control or entered a scene where physical violence or weapons are present.

Question 38

Gaining insight to a patient’s thinking by repeating the question is called(___________)?

Answer 38

Reflective listening

Question 39

What are the signs and symptoms of excited delirium?

Answer 39

Hyperactive irrational behavior with possible vivid hallucinations, which can create the potential for violent behavior. Physical symptoms include hypertension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and dilated pupils.

Question 40

What should be assessed after placing a combative patient in restraints?

Answer 40

Monitor the patient for vomiting, airway obstruction, respiratory status, circulatory status(blood pressure), and changes in level of consciousness. Reassess airway and breathing continuously. You should make frequent checks of circulation on all restrained extremities.

Question 41

What are side effects of Atropine?

Answer 41

Agitated Tachycardia Dialated pupils

Question 42

How do you care for a Patient with a contact poison?

Answer 42

If dry powder brush off and then flush skin 15-20min with clean water and wash skin with soap and water

Question 43

Hypoventilation or respiratory arrest Pinpoint pupils Sedation or coma Hypotension

Answer 43

Opiates, opioids | Heroin, methadone, oxycodone

Question 44

``` Hypertension Tachycardia Dilated pupils Agitation or seizures Hyperthermia ```

Answer 44

Sympathomimetics | Epinephrine, albuterol, cocain, methamphetamine

Question 45

Slurred speech Sedation or coma Hypoventilation Hypotension

Answer 45

Sedative-hypnotics | Diazepam, secobarbital, flunitrazepam, midazolam

Question 46

``` Tachycardia Hyperthermia Hypertension Dilated pupils Dry skin and mucus membranes Sedation, agitation, seizures, coma, delirium Decreased bowel sounds ```

Answer 46

Anticholinergics | Atropine, diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, doxylamine, datura stramonium (jimsonweed)

Question 47

``` Airway Compromise Sludgem Salivation, sweating Lacrimation (excessive tearing of eyes) Urination Defecation, drooling, diarrhea Gastric upset and cramps Emesis (vomiting) Muscle twitching/miosis (pinpoint pupils) ```

Answer 47

Cholinergics | Organophosphates, pilocarpine, nerve gas