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EMT-B JBLearning > Exam 5 Ch 19-23 > Flashcards

Exam 5 Ch 19-23 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does AEIOU-TIPS mean?

A 
Alcohol 
Epilepsy, endocrine, electrolytes
Insulin 
Opiates and other drugs
Uremia (kidney failure)
Trauma, Temperature 
Infection 
Poisoning, psychogenic causes
Shock, stroke, space-occupying lesion,
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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2
Q

How long does it take for a Healthy individual to Clot?

A

Little as 13 sec for papercut

Not longer than about 7 min for something more serious that requires direct pressure

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3
Q

What Components make up Blood?

A
  1. Red Blood Cells (RBCs) 42-47% of Blood
    Carries 97% of Oxygen in blood and some CarbonDioxide
  2. White Blood Cells (WBCs) 0.1-0.2% of Blood
    Collect dead cells and provide for their Correct Disposal
  3. Platelets 4-7% of Blood
    Essential for Clot formation
  4. Plasma Serves as transportation media for all of the Bloods components as well as Proteins and Minerals
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4
Q

What are the 5 General Categories of common Allergies?

A

Food: May be most common, accounts for 30% of death from anaphylaxis
Medication: Second most common source of Anaphylactic reactions, particularly Antibiotics.
Plants:
Chemical: Up to 12% of health care providers become sensitized to Latex
Insect bites and stings: m The act of injecting Venom is called Envenomation

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5
Q

Hives is also called?

A

Uticaria

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6
Q

What Percentage of adults and children are allergic to the venom of what stinging insects and accounting for how many deaths in the US each year?

A

Bees, Wasps, and Hornets
3% for Adults
1% for Children
50 Deaths per year in the US

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7
Q

What is a Wheal?

A

A raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin resulting feom am insect biteor allergic reaction.

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8
Q

In more Severe (anaphylactic) cases, patients may experience what?

A 
Bronchospasm 
Wheezing
Chest Tightness
Coughing
Dyspnea
Anxiety 
Gastrointestinal complaints
Hypotension
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9
Q

What are the routes Poisons enter the body?

A

Inhalation
Absorbtion
Ingestion
Injection

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10
Q

What does SLUDGEM mean?

A

Salivation, Sweating
Lacrimation (Excessive tearing of the eyes)
Urination
Defecation, Drooling, Diarrhea
Gastric upset and cramps
Emesis (Vomiting)
Muscle twitching/miosis (Pinpoint Pupils)

Airway Compromise

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11
Q

What does DUMBELS mean?

A

Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis (Constriction of pupils), Muscle weakness
Bradycardia, Bronchospasm, Bronchorrhea (Discharge of mucus from the lungs)
Emesis (Vomiting)
Lacrimation (Excessive tearing)
Seizures, Salivation, Sweating

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12
Q

What is ketone production?

A

Your liver produces ketones when you don’t have enough insulin in your body to turn glucose into energy.

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13
Q

Kussmaul respirations are a result of what?

A

When the kidneys become saturated with Ketones and glucose, they do not work properly to maintain acid balance in the body. The body begins to breathe deeper and faster. This is the bodies attempt to reduce the acid level by releasing more carbon dioxide through the lungs.

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14
Q

Why and how should the EMT administer oral glucose?

A

You should administer oral glucose to any patient who has decreased levels of consciousness.

Step 1: make sure the tube of glucose is intact and has not expired

Step 2: squeeze a generous amount of glucose on the bottom third of a bite stick or tongue depressor

Step 3: Open the patient’s mouth. Play’s the tongue depressor on the mucous membranes between the cheek and gum with the glucose side next to the cheek. Repeat until entire tube is used.

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15
Q

What are signs and symptoms of type one diabetes?

A

early onset signs and symptoms of type one diabetes are, Frequent urination, dehydration, increased hunger, weight loss, fatigue.

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16
Q

How do you obtain blood glucose?

A

By using a glucometer.

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17
Q

What is the normal level of blood glucose?

A

Between 80-120 mg/dL

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18
Q

What is diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

A life threatening illness caused by continued fat metabolism and ketone production. Symptoms include body aches, Nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, altered metal status or unconscious. If DKA is not rapidly recognized and treated it could result in death.

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19
Q

Type one diabetes is considered what type of problem in the body?

A

Type one diabetes is an auto immune disorder in which the individual’s immune system produces antibodies against the pancreatic beta cells.

20
Q

What Is excessive eating?

A

Polyphagia

21
Q

What is the treatment for anaphylaxis?

A

All patients with signs of anaphylaxis must be treated with oxygen. And Epinephrine

22
Q

Side effects and symptoms of epinephrine?

A

Palpitations
Pale skin.
Headache.
Sweating.

23
Q

What is an allergen?

A

A substance that causes an allergic reaction

24
Q

How do you use an epi auto-injector?

A

Step 1: remove the safety cap from the auto injector. If possible quickly wipe the patients thigh with alcohol or some type of antiseptic.

Step 2: Place the tip of the Auto injector against the patient’s lateral thigh Midway between the groin and knee.

Step 3: push the injector firmly against the thigh until a click is heard. This indicates the injector has activated and medication is being administered. Maintain steady pressure to avoid kick back from the spring in the syringe and prevent the needle being pushed out of the injection site too soon. Hold for 10 seconds.

Step 4: Remove the injector and dispose in a proper biohazard container.

Step 5: Rob the area for 10 seconds.

25
Q

What is a rapidly fatal effect of anaphylaxis?

A

Respiratory or cardiovascular distress in the form of shock.

26
Q

What are epinephrine indications during allergic reaction?

A

Severe allergic reaction causing airway, breathing, or circulatory compromise or an anaphylactic reaction

27
Q

What is the administration of Epinephrine via intramuscular?

A

Using a vile of 1:1,000 concentration epinephrine along with a needle and syringe, the typical adult does is 0.3mg injected into the midanterolateral thigh. The pediatric dose is weight based with the most common dosage being .15mg in the form of epi pen jr

28
Q

How Long does it take for Epi to work?

A

Epinephrine can have effect within 1 minute

29
Q

What is urticaria?

A

Hives. Characterized by multiple, small raised areas on the skin. One of the warning signs of an impending anaphylactic reaction

30
Q

How does activated charcoal work?

A

Activated charcoal bind to specific toxins, for example, pills that have been infested. And prevents their absorption by the body. The toxins are then carried out of the body through stool. If a patient is unconscious and cannot protect her airway do not give them activated charcoal.

31
Q

Can injected poisons be diluted or removed?

A

Injected poisons cannot be diluted or removed from the body in the field Because they are usually absorbs quickly into the body or cause intense local tissue destruction.

32
Q

What is heroin overdose treatment?

A

Naloxone(narcan), can be given intravenously, intramuscularly, or intranasally. Intranasally is becoming the preferred method with heroin overdose because of “track marks” making it harder for intravenously administration.

33
Q

What are signs and symptoms of sympathomimetic drug overdose?

A

Irritability, anxiety, fear, lack of concentration, or seizures. Paranoia and delusions.

34
Q

How is substance abuse mostly defined?

A

The miss use of any substance to produce a desired effect

35
Q

What is the most significant factor that contributes to suicide?

A

Depression

36
Q

What is a psychiatric emergency?

A

An emergency in which abnormal behavior threatens A patient’s own health and safety or the health and safety of another person. For example, when a person becomes suicidal, homicidal, or has a psychotic episode.

37
Q

What is the first step in assessing patients with behavioral emergency?

A

Immediately request law enforcement to to secure and maintain scene safety. Do not attempt to control or entered a scene where physical violence or weapons are present.

38
Q

Gaining insight to a patient’s thinking by repeating the question is called(___________)?

A

Reflective listening

39
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of excited delirium?

A

Hyperactive irrational behavior with possible vivid hallucinations, which can create the potential for violent behavior. Physical symptoms include hypertension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and dilated pupils.

40
Q

What should be assessed after placing a combative patient in restraints?

A

Monitor the patient for vomiting, airway obstruction, respiratory status, circulatory status(blood pressure), and changes in level of consciousness. Reassess airway and breathing continuously. You should make frequent checks of circulation on all restrained extremities.

41
Q

What are side effects of Atropine?

A

Agitated
Tachycardia
Dialated pupils

42
Q

How do you care for a Patient with a contact poison?

A

If dry powder brush off and then flush skin 15-20min with clean water and wash skin with soap and water

43
Q

Hypoventilation or respiratory arrest
Pinpoint pupils
Sedation or coma
Hypotension

A

Opiates, opioids

Heroin, methadone, oxycodone

44
Q 
Hypertension 
Tachycardia 
Dilated pupils
Agitation or seizures 
Hyperthermia
A

Sympathomimetics

Epinephrine, albuterol, cocain, methamphetamine

45
Q

Slurred speech
Sedation or coma
Hypoventilation
Hypotension

A

Sedative-hypnotics

Diazepam, secobarbital, flunitrazepam, midazolam

46
Q 
Tachycardia 
Hyperthermia 
Hypertension 
Dilated pupils
Dry skin and mucus membranes 
Sedation, agitation,  seizures, coma, delirium 
Decreased bowel sounds
A

Anticholinergics

Atropine, diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, doxylamine, datura stramonium (jimsonweed)

47
Q 
Airway Compromise
Sludgem
Salivation, sweating
Lacrimation (excessive tearing of eyes)
Urination 
Defecation, drooling, diarrhea 
Gastric upset and cramps 
Emesis (vomiting)
Muscle twitching/miosis (pinpoint pupils)
A

Cholinergics

Organophosphates, pilocarpine, nerve gas

EMT-B JBLearning (5 decks)

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