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EMT-B JBLearning > Exam 3 Study Guide Ch 10-13 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Study Guide Ch 10-13 Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens during Ventilation/Perfusion mismatch?

A

Lungs receive Oxygen without blood flow or you have blood flow without it receiving oxygen.

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2
Q

What are indications and contradictions for OPA?

A

Indications.
Unresponsive patient without a gag reflex.
Any apneic patient being ventilated with a BVM.

Contraindications.
Conscious patients.
Any patient who has a gag reflex.

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3
Q

What are the indications and contradictions for a NPA?

A

Indications.
Semiconscious or unconscious patient with a intact gag reflex.
Patients who otherwise will not tolerate an oropharyngeal airway.

Contraindications.
Severe head injury with blood draining from nose.
History of fractured nasal bone.

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4
Q

What is insertion procedure for NPA and OPA?

A 
NPA.
measure from nose to earlobe.
Place in larger nostril.
If useing right nare, bevel to septum.
If useing left nare, tip of airway pointing up.
Insert until you feel resistance, then rotate 180⁰
Rotation not required for right nostril.
Flange should rest against nostril.
OPA
Measure from earlobe to corner of mouth.
Open mouth with ceoss finger technique.
Insert with tip facing roof of mouth.
Rotate 180⁰
Flange rest on lips and teeth.
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5
Q

What is a Surfactant?

A

Reduces surface tension within the alveoli and keeps them expanded, thus making it easier for gas exchange to take place.

A liquid protein substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs, decreases alveolar surface tension, and keeps the alveoli expanded, a low level in a premature infant contributes to respiratory distress syndrome.

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6
Q

What is hypoxic drive?

A

A condition in which chronically low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the respiratory drive, see in patients with chronic lung disease.

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7
Q

What is the Phrenic Nerve?

A

Nerve that innervates the diaphragm muscle allowing it to contract, necessary for adequate breathing to occure.

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8
Q

Define Intrapulmonary Shunting?

A

The Bypassing of oxygenpoor blood past the nonfunctional alveoli to the left side of the heart.

Basically blood doesn’t get oxygenated and still gets circulated to the left side of the heart, to be circulated.

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9
Q

Define process of inhalation and exhalation and what the diaphragm and intercostal muscles are doing during each phase?

A

When a person in inhales, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, allowing air to enter body and travel to the lungs. When it contracts, the diaphragm moves down slightly, enlarging the thoracic cage from top to bottom. When the intercoastal muscles contract, they lift the ribs up and out. The combined actions of these structures enlarge the thorax in all directions.

During exhalation, the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax. In response, the thorax decreases in size, and the ribs and muscles assume a normal resting position.

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10
Q

What happens during aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?

A

During aerobic metabolism, with oxygen, cells convert glucose into energy.
Anaerobic metabolism is without adequate oxygen the cells cant completely convert glucose into energy, Lactic acid and other toxins accumulate in the cell.

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11
Q

What is the Partial Pressure of O2 in Alveoli?

A

104 mm of Hg

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12
Q

What is the Partial Pressure of CO2 in Alveoli?

A

40 mm of Hg

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13
Q

What is the process of breathing fresh air into the respiratory system and exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide Alveoli in the blood in the pulmonary capillaries?

A

External Respiration

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14
Q

What is this exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the systemic circulatory system and the cells of the body

A

Internal Respiration

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15
Q

How much inspired Oxygen will a Non Rebreather mask provide?

A

90%

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16
Q

How much Inspired Oxygen can a Nasal Cannula provide?

A

24-44% 1-6L/min

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17
Q

Indications and Contradictions for CPAP

A

Indications
Patients experiencing respiratory distress in which there own compensatory mechanisms are not enough to keep up with there oxygen demand.

Contraindications
Patient in respiratory arrest
Signs or symptoms of pneumothorax or chest trama
Patient with a tracheotomy
Active GI bleed or vomiting
Patient unable to follow verbal commands1

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18
Q

What is Ventilation?

A

The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs.

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19
Q

What are the Ventilation Rates for Adult, child, and infant?

A

5 to 6 seconds
3 to 5
3 to 5

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20
Q

What is the respiratory rate for Adults, children, and infants?

A

12-20
15-30
25-50

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21
Q

What is the Volume Capabilities of BVM for Adult, Pediatric, and infant?

A

1200-1600
500-700
150-240

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22
Q

When does Gastric Distention occur?

A

Most likely to occur when you ventilate too forcefully or too rapidly with a BVM or Pocket mask.
May also occur when airway is obstructed by foreign body or improper head position.

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23
Q

What is the only flow meter not affected by gravity?

A

Bordon Flow Meter

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24
Q

What is Absorption?

A

Process in which medications travel through the body tissues until they reach the bloodstream.

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25
Q

What is Adsorption?

A

To bind or stick to a surface

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26
Q

What is a oral medication that binds and adsorbs ingested toxins in the Gastrointestinal tract for treatment of some poisonings and medical overdoses.

A

Activated Charcoal

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27
Q

What is the dosage of Activated Charcoal?

A

1-2 g/ kg of body weight

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28
Q

How do you convert kilos to pounds?

A

Pounds divided by 2.2
1kg=2.2lbs
Or divide by 2 then subtract 10% of that

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29
Q

Whats the difference between Intraosseous and Intravenous?

A

Intraosseous is into the bone

Intravenous is into the vein

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30
Q

What does a Pulse Oximetry do and explain falso positives?

A

A assessment tool that measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the capillary beds.

Hypovolemia
Severe peripheral vasoconstriction (chronic hypoxia, smoking, hypothermia)
Time delay in detecting respiratory insufficiency
Dark or metallic polish
Dirty fingers
Carbon monoxide poisoning

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31
Q

What is a fast acting MDI for acute attack of shortness of breath?

A

albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)

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32
Q

Alupent is also?

A

Metaproterenol and Metaprel

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33
Q

What are the Vital Sign changes when a patient changes from compensated shock to decompensated shock?

A

Falling blood Pressure 90mm Hg or lower in a adult

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34
Q

What is Nerogenic Shock, what does it affect and what vital signs changes will you see with it?

A

Damage to the cervical spine, causing widespread blood vessel dilation.

Bradycardia (slow pulse)
Low blood pressure
Signs of neck injury

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35
Q

What is shock due to spinal cord damage?

A

Neurogenic

36
Q

Define Septic Shock?

A

Severe bacteria infection
Toxins damage the vessel walls, causing increased cellular permeability. The vessel walls leak and are unable to contract well.

37
Q

What is the O2 percentage of the Nasal Cannula and NRB?

A

24-44% 1-6L/min

90-100% 10-15L/min

38
Q

Whats the difference between Trade name and Generic name?

A

Trade name is brand name a manufacturer gives a medication and will be Capitalized.
Generic name is the original chemical name of a medication and wont be capitalized

39
Q

What are the 6 Rights of medications?

A 
Right Patient 
Right Medication
Right Dose
Right Route
Right Time
Right Documentation
40
Q

What are capsules?

A

A gelatin shells filled with powder or liquid medication

41
Q

What are tablets?

A

Medications are compressed under high pressure.

Tablets often contain other materials that are mixed with the medication.

42
Q

What is a Solution?

A

A liquid mixture of one or more substances that cannot be separated by filtering or allowing the mixture to stand.
Can be given in almost any route.

43
Q

What is a suspension?

A

Medications ground into fine particles and evenly distributed throughout a liquid by shaking or stirring.
Suspensions will separate if they stand or filtered.

44
Q

Difference between lotions and ointments?

A

Lotions are absorbed rapidly and contain mostly water. Topical medications.
Ointments are absorbed most slowly.
Neosporin, triple antibiotic

45
Q

What is the dosage of Epi pen for anaphylaxis? And where do you apply it?

A

.3mg IM

Anterior lateral thigh

46
Q

Where do you give Oral Glucose?

A

Between cheek and gum on conscious patient only

47
Q

What is transdermal?

A

Transcutaneous or route of meditation over the skin

48
Q

What are causes of shock?

A 
Pump failure (heart)
Container, poor vessel function
Fluid problem (content low blood volume)
49
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Amount of blood ejected in 1 min

50
Q

What is Preload?

A

The precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood builds up

51
Q

What is Afterload?

A

The force or resistance against which the heart pumps

52
Q

What is Pulmonary Embolism?

A

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the long, causing an obstruction of blood flow

Obstructive shock

53
Q

What is Cardiac Tamponade?

A

Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid and the precardial sack, leading to decreased cardiac output

Obstructive shock

54
Q

What is Tension Pneumothorax?

A

A life threatening collection of air within the pleura space, the volume and pressure have both collapsed the involved lung and caused a shift of the mediastinal structures to the opposite side

Obstructive shock

55
Q

What is High Flow O2?

A

NRB 15 L/min

56
Q

Whats the difference between Obstructive Shock and Distributed Shock?

A

Obstructive shock is something that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart and great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues

Distributive shock is a condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small he atrioles, small venules, or both.

57
Q

What does Aspirin do?

A

Prevents platelet aggregation and can help prevent

Myocardial infarction

58
Q

Systolic needs to be over____ for you to give Nitroglycerin.

A

100

59
Q

Nitroglycerin can not be given if _____ was taken within 24 hrs.

A

Viagra

60
Q

When can a EMT administer medication?

A

Peer-assisted medication
Patient-assisted medication
EMT-Administered medication

61
Q

What is the lowest portion of the Pharynx?

A

Laryngopharynx

62
Q

What warms and humidifiers air as it enters the body?

A

Mucus Membrane

63
Q

What folds over to prevent aspiration of contents into the Trachea when swallowing?

A

Epiglottis

64
Q

The(______) is a shield-shaped structure formed by two plates that join In a V shape anteriorly to form the (___________) known as the Adam’s Apple.

A

Thyroid Cartilage

Laryngeal prominence

65
Q

What level does the Trachea divide at into the two main stem Bronchi?

A

Carina

66
Q

What is the thin slippery outer membrane that covers the lung tissue?

A

Visceral Pleura

67
Q

What lines the inside of the Thoracic Cavity?

A

Parietal Pleura

68
Q

What are the Thin, Hollow tubes made of smooth muscle?

A

Bronchioles

69
Q

What is the conduit for air entry into the lungs?

A

Trachea, or Windpipe

70
Q

What are the balloon like sacs that serve as the functional site for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

A

Alveoli

71
Q

What is the space between the lungs called?

A

Mediastinum

72
Q

Deoxygenated blood enter the heart through the?

A

Right Atrium

73
Q

What pumps Oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?

A

Left Ventricle

74
Q

What pumps the blood from the heart to the lungs for Oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide?

A

Right ventricle

75
Q

Where does Oxygenated blood enter the Heart?

A

Left Atrium

76
Q

What is the muscular part of breathing called?

A

Inhilation

77
Q

What is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs?

A

Pulmonary Ventilation

78
Q

What is Partial Pressure measured in?

A

mm Hg

79
Q

What is Albuteral, when, how?

A

If the have Asthma or difficulty breathing
It stimulates nervous system causing bronchodilation
1-2 inhilations and wait 5 min before repeating dose

80
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Amount of blood ejected by the left ventrical in 1 min

81
Q

What is a device that is used to change a liquid medication into a spray and push it into a nostril?

A

Mucosa Atomizer Device MAD

82
Q

How is Nitro administered and how does it affect the body?

A

SL tablet or Spray

Dilates blood vessels

83
Q

Why would you use Naloxone(Narcan) and how do you use it?

A

Reverses respiratory depression secondary to opioid overdose

IM and IN

84
Q

What are the side effects and Contraindications For Naloxone(Narcan)?

A

Nausea, Vomiting

Contraindication is Hypersensitivity

85
Q

How much Naloxone(Narcan) is in each Dose?

A

0.4 mg autoinjector or

2 mg IN

EMT-B JBLearning (5 decks)

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