Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 157 (MCC) > Exam 5 > Flashcards

Exam 5 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the two types of reduction?

A

Asexual

Sexual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is asexual reproduction also known as?

A

mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is sexual reproduction also known as?

A

meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define asexual reproduction

A

offspring are identical to the original cell/organism

inheritance of all genes from one parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define sexual reproduction

A

offspring are similar to parents but show variations in traits
inheritance from both parents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define gene

A

unit of hereditary info consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define binary fission

A

dividing in half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

in what cells does binary fission occur?

A

prokaryotic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

in binary fission are cells identical or do they have variations?

A

they are identical daughter cellx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the steps of binary fission?

A
  1. the single cellular chromosome duplicates and copies and begins to separate
  2. Cell elongates and continues to separate
  3. the plasma membrane grows inward at the midpoint to divide the cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are eukaryotic chromosomes composed of?

A

Chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What us chromatin made of?

A

DNA and proteins (histones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In chromatin what is the job of the two parts?

A

DNA: contains genetic information which directs body development and maintenance
Proteins: Help with support and control of gene activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define Somatic Cells

A

All cells except sperm and eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many chromosomes are in humans?

A

46

23 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many chromosomes does each somatic cell contain?

A

2: one from each parent (Homologous)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define Homologous

A

for every pair, there is one form mom and one from dad

18
Q

Define Diploid

A

A cell with two full sets of chromosomes

-Each pair of chromosomes in a diploid cell is considered to be a homologous chromosome set

19
Q

Which parent determines the gender of a baby?

A

the 23rd male sperm

20
Q

Define Cell Cycle

A

an ordered sequence of events for cell division of somatic cells

21
Q

What are the two phases of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase and Mitotic Phase

22
Q

What percent of the cell cycle are the two parts?

A

Interphase: 90%

Mitotic phase: 10%

23
Q

What happens during Interphase?

A

period of growth and preparation for cell division (duplication phase)

24
Q

What does G1 mean?

A

Growth, increase in cytoplasm

25
Q

What does S mean?

A

Duplication of chromosomes

26
Q

What does G2 mean?

A

Growth, preparation for division

27
Q

What happens in G1?

A

The first “GAP” where there is a growth of the cytoplasm

28
Q

What happens in S?

A

DNA is replicated, and the two copies of the chromosome and remain attached at the centromere

29
Q

Define Chromatids

A

each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division

30
Q

What happens in G2?

A

The “second gap”. The period after DNA is synthesized and before mitosis begins

31
Q

What are the phases of cell division?

A

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

32
Q

What happens in mitosis?

A

Division of the nucleus

33
Q

What happens in cytokinesis?

A

Division of the cytoplasm

34
Q

What are the four phases of mitosis?

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

35
Q

What happens in Prophase?

A
  1. Chromatin condenses and forms chromosomes as DNA wraps around histones
  2. Nuclear membrane begins to break down
  3. Mitotic spindle forms
36
Q

What happens in Metaphase?

A

Chromosomes attach to mitotic spindles and form a line at the center of the cell

37
Q

What happens in Anaphase?

A

Sister chromatids of each chromosome begin to separate, splitting at the centromere.
-(now separate and considered chromosomes)

38
Q

What happens in Telophase?

A

Nuclear envelope forms around each group of chromosomes at each pole
-mitotic spindle disassembles
(end of splitting nucleus)

39
Q

What happens in Cytokinesis?

A

Cytoplasm divided into separate cells

40
Q

Define cleavage furrow

A

forms from a contracting ring of microfilaments

41
Q

What happens with cytokinesis in animal cells?

A

The cleavage furrow deepens to separate the contents into two cells

42
Q

What happens with cytokinesis in plant cells?

A

A cell plate forms in the middle from vesicles containing cell wall material dividing the contents into two cells

Biology 157 (MCC) (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions