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Anatomy > Exam 5 > Flashcards

Exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron (nerve cells)

A

Excitable cells that initiate, transmit, and receive nerve impulses

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2
Q

Neuroglia (glial cells)

A

Nonexcitable cells that support and protect the neurons

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3
Q

Structure of neuron: 3 parts

A

1) Cell body
2) Dendrites
3) Axons

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4
Q

Cell body

A
  • Has organelles, keeps cells alive
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5
Q

Dendrites

A
  • Brings nerve impulses to cell body
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6
Q

Axons

A
  • Takes info away from cell body
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7
Q

What is most common structural neuron?

A

Multipolar

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8
Q

Astrocyte location?
Function?

A
  • CNS
    1) Feeds neurons
    2) Replaces DAMAGED neurons
    3) Forms blood-brain barrier (BBB)
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9
Q

Ependymal cell location?
Function?

A

-CNS
Makes and moves cerebral spinal fluid

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10
Q

Microglial Cell location?
Function?

A
  • CNS
    1) Pathogen defense
    2) Removes debris, dead/dying cells
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11
Q

Oligodendrocyte location?
Function?

A
  • CNS
  • Produces myelin - Insulates and speeds up electrical activity
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12
Q

Satellite Cells

A

PNS

  • Only in ganglia
  • Protect cell body
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13
Q

Location of Schwann Cell (Neurolemmocyte)?
Function?

A
  • PNS
  • Insulates and speeds up electrical activity (like oligodendrocyte)
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14
Q

Grey Matter

A
  • Functional parts of cells
  • Forms cortex and cerebral nuclei
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15
Q

White matter

A
  • Myelinated axons
  • Lies deep to gray matter of cortex
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16
Q

Meninges

A
  • CT that surrounds brain:
    1) Close and protects brain/blood vessels
    2) Contain and circulate cerebrospinal fluid
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17
Q

Functions of cerebrospinal fluid

A

1) Floats brain
2) Protection
3) Transport nutrients, removes wastes

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18
Q

Function of blood-brain barrier

A
  • Strictly regulates what substances can enter the interstitial fluids of brain
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19
Q

Cerebrumm - Main function?

A

All conscious thought processes

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20
Q

What are tracts?

A

Bundles of white matter

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21
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Precentral gyrus - Voluntary motor control

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22
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Postcentral gyrus - general somatic sensory functions

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23
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Hearing and smell

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24
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Anything to do with visual info

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25
Q

Higher-Order Processing

A

-Lots of synapsing and “talking” w/different areas of brain in cerebrum

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26
Q

Where is epithalamus? Main Function?

A
  • Posterior to Thalamus
  • Secretes melatonin (regulates day-night cycles)
27
Q

Thalamus function?

A
  • Final relay point for sensory info to be processed and sent to cerebral cortex
28
Q

Hypothalamus function?

A

1) Control autonomic system
2) Control endocrine system
3) Control emotions
4) Regulate body temperature
5) Hunger
6) Thirst
7) Works with epithalamus for sleep cycles

29
Q

Assocation tracts

A

Communicates within same hemisphere

30
Q

Commisural tracts

A

Communicates between two hemisphere (corpus callosum)

31
Q

Projection tracts

A

Connects cortex to rest of of brain

32
Q

Midbrain

A
  • Most superior
  • Eye movement
  • Vision/hearing processing
33
Q

Pons

A
  • Bulging region
  • Regulates breathing
  • Influences activity of respiratory center in medulla oblongata
34
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A
  • Most caudal
  • Vital body functions( (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate)
35
Q

Cerebellum main function?

A
  • Communicates with cortex to fine-tune skeletal movement
36
Q

Vermis

A
  • Splits the cerebellar hemispheres
37
Q

How long is spinal cord?

A

16-18 inches in length

38
Q

Cervical enlargement of spinal cord?

A
  • Innervates upper limbs
39
Q

Lumbosacral** **enlargement of spinal cord?

A

Innervates lower limbs

40
Q

What is the end of spinal cord called?

A

Conus Medullaris

41
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

42
Q

Cauda Equina

A
  • Below conus medullaris
  • Axons projecting from spinal cord
43
Q

Filum Terminale

A
  • Thin strand of pia mater that anchors cord to tail bone
44
Q

How many pairs of spinal cord?

45
Q

Denticulate Ligaments

A
  • In pia mater, holds spinal cord in place laterally
46
Q

Anterior Horns

A
  • Grey matter
  • Cell bodies of somatic motor neurons - innervates only skeletal muscles
47
Q

Where are lateral horns located?

A
  • Mostly thoracic and upper lumbar
48
Q

Lateral horn functions?

A
  • Part of the autonomic, sympathetic division
  • Innervates cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands
49
Q

Posterior horns

A
  • Has axons of sensory neurons** and **cell bodies of interneurons
  • Sends info up to thalamus
50
Q

Gray Commisure

A
  • Houses central canal
51
Q

What does anterior (ventral) roots carry?

A
  • Motor axons only
52
Q

What does posterior (dorsal) roots carry?

A
  • Sensory axons only
53
Q

What are dorsal root ganglion?

A

Cell bodies of sensory axons

54
Q

What is the parasympathetic division also called craniosacral outflow?

A

Bc preganglionic neurons housed in lateral gray divisions of S2-S4

55
Q

Why is the sympathetic division also called thoracolumbar outflow?

A

Bc preganglionic neurons are in lateral horns between T1-L2

56
Q

Preganglionic axons of sympathetic division carried by __________?

A
  • White rami communicantes
57
Q

Postganglionic sympathetic axons carried from sympathetic trunk carried by _______?

A
  • Gray Rami Communicantes
58
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

-Detects molecules dissolved in fluid

59
Q

Photoreceptors

A

-Detect changes in light

60
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A
  • Detects physical changes in receptors
61
Q

Baroreceptors

A
  • Detects pressure in body (blood vessels)
62
Q

Nociceptors

A
  • Detects tissue damage and pain
63
Q

What are the cranial nerves for gustatory info?

A

7 - Facial

9 - Glossopharyngeal

64
Q

Anatomical name for eyelids?

Anatomy (18 decks)

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