Chapter 2: Cytology

Question 1

Mitotic Phase

Answer 1

• Phase when cells divide
• Mitosis –> Cytokinesis

Question 2

Anaphase

Answer 2

-Chromosomes split and move apart

Question 3

Cytokinesis

Answer 3

-Division of cytoplasm

Question 4

S Phase

Answer 4

-Copying Chromosomes

Question 5

Lysosomes

Answer 5

• Made from ER/Golgi
• Digests, removes wastes & dmged organelles
• When cell dies, becomes a suicide package (autolysis)

Question 6

G1 Phase

Answer 6

• Getting every ready initially
• Growth, replicate organelles, makes centrioles

Question 7

Telophase

Answer 7

• Chromosomes –> Chromatin
• Reform nuclear envelope
• Start cytokinesis (cells divide)

Question 8

Interphase

Answer 8

• “Maintenance**” phase – **working** phase_, majority of life_** spent in this phase
• G1 –> S Phase –> G2

Question 9

Metaphase

Answer 9

-Chromosomes line up in middle

Question 10

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 10

• UPS Center
• Packages (what ER makes) and labels for:
  
  • Secretion
  • Become lysosomes
  • Become part of cell membrane

Question 11

Smooth ER

Answer 11

1. Functions:
   
   1. Makes, transports, and storeslipids
   2. Metabolizes** **carbs
   3. Detoxes (found mostly in liver cells)

Question 12

Rough ER

Answer 12

1. Secretion**
2. Makes lysosomes**

Question 13

Mitosis

Answer 13

-Dividing chromosomes and nucleus

Question 14

Prophase

Answer 14

• Chromatins –> Chromosomes
• Spindle fibers form (to pull chromosomes apart)
• Nuclear envelope dissolves

Question 15

G2 Phase

Answer 15

• Making last of what it needs before it finally divides
• Centriole copying complete, enzymes needed for division are synthesized

Question 16

Microvilli

Answer 16

• Smaller than cilia, doesn’t move
• Increase surface area –> absorption

Question 17

Peroxisomes

Answer 17

Detoxifies harmful molcules

Question 18

Ribosomes

Answer 18

Protein synthesis