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Applied Anatomy > Exam 5 > Flashcards

Exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

bounded by…
the anterior median line of the neck,
the inferior border of the mandible and
the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
The floor is formed by the pharynx, larynx, and thyroid gland

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2
Q

The hyoid muscles are concerned with…

A

steadying or moving the hyoid bone and larynx

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3
Q

The hyoid raises or depresses during swallowing?

A

raises

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4
Q

The suprahyoid muscles are located above the hyoid. Name them.

A

Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid, stylohyoid, and digastric

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5
Q

Which suprahyoid muscle form the floor of the mouth?

A

mylohyoid

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6
Q

The _________ is located superior to the mylohyoid muscles and reinforces the floor of the mouth.

A

Geniohyoid

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7
Q

The stylohyoid muscle splits arounggthe _______ muscle

A

digastric

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8
Q

The digastric muscle has two bellies (ant. and post.) that are joint by an _____ ________ connected to the hyoid bone

A

intermediate tendon

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9
Q

The infrahyoid muscles or _____ muscles are located below the hyoid bone

A

strap

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10
Q

Name the infrahyoid muscles.

A

sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid

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11
Q

The sternothyroid is ______ to the sternohyoid

A

deep

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12
Q

The thyrohyoid appears as the superior continuation of the sternothyroid. It prevents food from entering the _____ during swallowing

A

larynx

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13
Q

The omohyoid has two bellies united by an intertendon attached to the clavicle-important landmarks that divides…..

A

the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck into smaller triangles

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14
Q

The thyroid cartilage is also known as the…

A

Adam’s apple

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15
Q

Name the subdivisions of the anterior triangle of neck

A

submandibular triangle
carotid triangle
muscular triangle
submental triangle

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16
Q

The submandibular triangle lies between the inferior border of the ______ and the anterior posterior bellies of the ______

A

mandible;

digastric

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17
Q

The submandibular triangle contains the _______ gland, ________ nerve, nerve to the ________, and parts of the _______ artery and vein

A

submandibular gland, hypoglossal nerve, nerve to the mylohyoid, parts of facial artery and vein

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18
Q

The nerve to the mylohyoid is a branch of the _____ ______ nerve

A

inferior alveolar nerve

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19
Q

The carotid triangle is bounded by the superior belly of the ________, posterior belly of the _____ and anterior border of the ________

A

omohyoid, digastric, sternocleidomastoid

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20
Q

What divides within the carotid triangle?

A

the common carotid artery divides into internal and external carotid arteries

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21
Q

The ___ common carotid artery begins as a bifurcation of the brachiocephalic trunk and the _____ common carotid artery arises directly from the aorta

A

right, left

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22
Q

The internal carotid artery has ____ branches in the neck

A

0

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23
Q

The external carotid artery supplies structures….

A

external to the skull

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24
Q

Name branches of the external carotid artery.

A

superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, maxillary, superficial temporal

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25
Q

What are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

A

maxillary and superficial temporal

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26
Q

The _____ ______ is a dilation of the proximal internal carotid artery-blood pressure regulator

A

carotid sinus

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27
Q

The ____ _____ is located at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery-chemoreceptor that responds to changes in chemical composition of blood (increased carbon dioxide or decreased oxygen)

A

carotid body

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28
Q

The carotid sheath contains the….

A

common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, and ansa cervicalis

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29
Q

What is the name of the largest vein in the neck?

A

internal jugular vein

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30
Q

The internal jugular vein drains blood from the brain, superficial face, and neck. It unites with the ______ vein to form the brachiocephalic vein

A

subclavian

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31
Q

The _____ ________ is a loop of fibers that arises from C1, C2, and C3. The superior root is within the carotid sheath and is formed from the fibers of…. The inferior root is formed from…

A

ansa cervicalis,
C1,
C2 and C3

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32
Q

The muscular triangle is bounded by the superior belly of the _______, anterior border of the _______, and median plane of the neck

A

omohyoid,

sternocleidomastoid

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33
Q

What does the muscular triangle contain?

A

infrahyoid muscles and viscera of the neck

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34
Q

There is only 1 ______ triangle. It is unpaired

A

submental

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35
Q

The submental triangle is bounded by the ______ _____ inferiorly and by the right and left anterior bellies of the _______ muscles laterally. It contains submental lymphnodes

A

hyoid bone,

digastric

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36
Q

Name the prevertebral muscles.

A

Longus colli (longus cervicis), longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis

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37
Q

The longus coli is the ______ and most _____ of the prevertebral muscles

A

longest, most medial

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38
Q

For the longus colli,
the superior oblique portion arises from the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes (TP) of ___ -____ and inserts into the tubercle on the anterior arch of the _____

A

C3-C5,

atlas

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39
Q

The inferior oblique portion of the longus colli arises from the anterior surface of the bodies of the first 2 or 3 _______ vertebrae and inserts on the anteriro tubercles of the TP of ____ and _____

A

thoracic

C5 and C6

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40
Q

The vertical portion of the longus colli arise from the anterior surface of the bodies of the first ____ thoracic and last ____ cervical vertebrae and inserts on the anteriro surface of the bodies of ___ -____

A

3, 3;

C2-C4

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41
Q

What is the innervation of the longus colli?

A

ventral rami C2-C6

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42
Q

What is the action of the longus colli?

A

cervical flexion (weak); cervical rotation to opposite side (inferior oblique portion)

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43
Q

The longus capitis arise from the TP of ____-____ and attached to the inferior surface of the ____ _____ of the occipital bone.

A

C3-C6;

basilar part

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44
Q

What is the innervation of the longus capitis?

A

ventral rami C1-C3

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45
Q

What is the action of the longus capitis?

A

capital flexion, rotation of head to same side

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46
Q

The rectus capitis anterior is attached inferiorly to the anterior surface of the _____ and superiorly to the inferior surface of the basilar part of the _____ ______

A

atlas, occipital bone

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47
Q

What is the innervation of the rectus capitis anterior?

A

ventral rami C1-C2

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48
Q

What is the action of the rectus capitus anterior

A

capital flexion, stabilization of atlanto-occipital bone

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49
Q

The rectus capitis lateralis is attached inferior to the TP of ____ and superiorly to the inferior surface of the _______ _______ of the occipital bone

A

C1,

jugular process

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50
Q

What is the innervation of the rectus capitis lateralis?

A

vental rami C1-C2

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51
Q

What is the action of the rectus capitis lateralis?

A

lateral bending of head to same side; capital flexion; assists with head rotation and stabilizing atlanto-occipital joint

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52
Q

Name the fascial planes of the anterior triangle of the neck.

A

investing fascia, pretracheal fascia, and prevertebral fascia

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53
Q

Match the description with the fascial plane.

  1. located between the superficial fascia and the muscular layer-forms the roof of the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck
  2. forms part of a fascial sleeve for the prevertebral muscles-extends inferiorly and laterally as the axillary sheath
  3. anterior to the trachea, deep ti the infrahyoid muscles-descends into thorax and blends with fibrous pericardium
A
  1. investing fascia
  2. prevertebral fascia
  3. pretracheal fascia
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54
Q

The root of the neck is the junction between the ____ and _____

A

neck and thorax

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55
Q

Name the arteries originate form the arch of the aorta

A

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

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56
Q

The brachiocephalic trunks divides into….

A

right common carotid and subclavian arteries

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57
Q

Name the 3 branches of the subclavian artery

A

vertebral artery, thyrocervical trunk, costocervical trunk

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58
Q

The vertebral artery ascends through the ____ _____ of cervical vertebrae and enters the skull through the _____ ______

A

transverse foramina, foramen magnum

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59
Q

The inferior thyroid artery is a branch of the…

A

thyrocervical trunk

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60
Q

Veins involved in the anterior triangle of the neck include…

A

external and internal jugular veins and subclavian vein

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61
Q

The vagus nerve is CN #?

A

10 (CN X)

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62
Q

The sympathetic trunk includes superior, middle, and inferior sympathetic ganglia-these receive preganglionic fibers from what nerves?

A

superior thoracic spinal nerves

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63
Q

The inferior cervical ganglion often fuses with the first thoracic ganglion to form the _______ (_____) ganglion

A

cervicothoracic (stellate)

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64
Q

The thoracic duct enters the ______ brachiocephalic vein at the junction of the subclavian and internal jugular veins

A

left

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65
Q

The thoracic ducts lies between what?

A

azygos vein and aorta

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66
Q

What drains the right upper quadrant in regards to lymphatics?

A

right lymphatic duct

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67
Q

The cervical viscera includes…

A

thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, larynx and trachea, and pharynx and esophagus

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68
Q

The thyroid gland consists of 2 lobes united by an ______

A

isthmus

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69
Q

The thyroid gland has a superior extension called the _____ _____

A

paramental lobe

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70
Q

The parathyroid glands are on the _______ surface of the thyroid gland and help maintain calcium levels

A

posterior

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71
Q

The skull enclose the brain, house the organs of special senses, and surround openings into the digestive and respiratory tracts. True or False

A

True

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72
Q

Most of the many bones of the skull (except the facial skeleton-maxilla, orbits, and nasal cavities) consist of inner and outer tables of compact bone separated by ______ ______, which is cancellous bone containing red bone marrow

A

spongy diploe

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73
Q

The ______ is the skull cap-dome like roof of the neurocranium

A

calvaria

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74
Q

The calvaria consists of the ____, _____, and _____ bones

A

frontal, parietal, and occiptal

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75
Q

The cranial base consists of what bones? (5)

A

ethmoid, frontal, sphenoid, temporal, occipital

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76
Q

The _______ bone forms the thin roof of the orbits (eye sockets)

A

frontal

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77
Q

Match the following structures associated with the frontal bone with their description (superciliary arch, frontal eminence, supraorbital foramen, coronal suture, glabella)

  1. articulation of frontal and parietal lobes
  2. space between eyebrows (palpatable)
  3. overlies frontal sinus
  4. transmits the supraorbital vessels and nerve
  5. slight prominences on each side of foehead
A
  1. coronal suture
  2. glabella
  3. superciliary arch
  4. supraorbital foramen
  5. from eminences
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78
Q

The parietal bones are associated with two sutures.
The _______ suture is the articulation of the 2 parietal bones with each other- median plane of the body passes through this suture.
The _______ suture is the articulation of the parietal bones and the occipital bone

A

sagital;

lamboid

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79
Q

The _____ is where the coronal suture meets the sagittal suture.

A

bregma

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80
Q

True or False: The parietal bones have parietal eminences.

A

True

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81
Q

The superior temporal line of the parietal bones is the attachment of the ______ ______

A

temporal fascia

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82
Q

The inferior temporal line of the parietal bones marks the superior limit of what muscle?

A

temporalis

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83
Q

Name two other articulations of the parietal bones.

A

with the temporal bones and greater wings of the sphenois

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84
Q

The temporal bones is associated with the following: mastoid process, external acoustic meatus, styloid process, zygomatic process, and pterion. True or False?

A

True

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85
Q

The zygomatic process unites with the _______ ________ of the zygomatic bone to the zygomatic arch

A

temporal process

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86
Q

The head of the mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa of the ______ surface of the zygomatic process

A

inferior

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87
Q

The temporal bones articulate with what other bones of the neurocranium?

A

parietal, occipital, sphenoid, and zygomatic

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88
Q

The ______ is the articulation of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones

A

pterion

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89
Q

A fracture at the pterion at this site may injure what artery?

A

middle meningeal artery

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90
Q

The sphenoid bone is a complicated bone that has been described as a “______”

A

butterfly

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91
Q

The sphenoid bone has a body along with greater and lesser wings. It has anterior clinoid processes, sella turcica (Turkish saddle) which contain the…, dorsum sella which has a posterior clinoid process, right and left sphenoidal sinuses, and medial and lateral pterygoid plates

A

pituitary gland

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92
Q

The sphenoid bone is best viewed…

A

within the skull

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93
Q

The occipital bone has the external occipital protuberance, also called the ______ along with the superior nuchal line, foramen magnum, and occipital condyles

A

inion

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94
Q

The skull articulates with C1 vertebra (the atlas) at the _______-_______ joint

A

atlanto-occipital joint

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95
Q

The internal aspect of the occipital bone has ____ fossa. Describe them

A

4;

2 for the occipital poles of the cerebral hemispheres and 2 for the cerebellar hemispheres

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96
Q

The nasal bones form the bridge of the nose. The _____ ______ is the articulation of the two nasal bones. The _____ is the intersection of the frontal and nasal bones.

A

internasal suture; nasion

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97
Q

Name the bones the nasal bones articulation with.

A

frontal, ethmoid, and maxillae

98
Q

The _______ is the bony part of the nasal septum that separates the chonae- nasal apertures

A

vomer

99
Q

The _________ bones are the prominences of the cheeks (cheek bones)

A

zygomatic bones

100
Q

The zygomatic arch is the union of the _______ process of the zygomatic bone and _______ process of the temporal bone

A

temporal;

zygomatic

101
Q

The zygomatic bones also form much of the _____ ______ of the orbits

A

infraorbital margins

102
Q

The __________ suture is the articulation of the maxillae to form the maxilla (upper jaw)

A

intermaxillary

103
Q

The maxillae contains a maxillary sinus, zygomatic process, frontal process, palatine process (which forms part of the…), alveolar processes (form…), and the infraorbital foramen.

A

hard palate, sockets for the upper teeth

104
Q

What does the infraorbital foramen transmit?

A

infraorbital nerves and vessels

105
Q

The palatine bones are on the inferior aspect of the neurocranium and have horizontal plates, which form part of the…

A

hard palate

106
Q

The mandible is ____-shaped and forms the lower jaw

A

U

107
Q

True or False: The mandible is the largest and strongest facial bone.

A

True

108
Q

The ramus of the mandible has a ______ ______ process, which is the articulation at the TMJ and an _____ _______ process

A

posterior condylar, anterior coronoid

109
Q

The mental foramen is for transmission of the…

A

mental nerves and vessels

110
Q

What does the mandibular foramen transmit?

A

inferior alveolar vessels and nerve to the roots of tje mandibular (lower) teeth

111
Q

The face has very loose superficial fascia that is easily expanded by…

A

blood or edema

112
Q

The superficial fascia of the face is easily expanded especially near the _____

A

orbit-black eye

113
Q

Most of the muscles of facial expression lie in the _______ tissue and are attached to ______

A

subcutaneous, skin (some attach to bone)

114
Q

True or False: The muscles of the face pull on the skin and consequently cause movement of the fascial skeleton.

A

False; the muscles pull on skin but do not cause movement of the facial skeleton

115
Q

The facial muscles surround the facial orifices and act to…

A

open and close those orifices

116
Q

All fascial muscles are innervated by what nerve?

A

facial nerve

117
Q

The facial nerve is cranial nerve #?

A

7 (CN VII)

118
Q

The ________ muscle is part of the occipitalfrontalis and acts to elevate the eyebrows and produce wrinkles in the forehead when one frowns

A

frontalis

119
Q

The _____ ______ is the sphincter of the mouth, closes the lips (whistling), protrudes them- plays an important role in articulation and mastication

A

orbicularis oris

120
Q

What muscle around the mouth depresses the corners of the mouth and is assisted by the platysma?

A

depressor anguli oris

121
Q

What muscle elevates the corning of the mouth (sneering)?

A

levator angli oris

122
Q

The zygomaticus major attaches to the zygomatic bone and the corners of the mouth. What does the zygomaticus major do?

A

draws the angle of the mouth superolaterally (smiling)

123
Q

What does the levator labii superioris do?

A

elevates the upper lip

124
Q

The _______ raises the skin of the chin (the lower lip will protrude –> pouting)

A

mentalis

125
Q

What does the depressor labii inferioris do?

A

draws the lower lip inferiorly and slightly laterally

126
Q

What does the risorius muscle do?

A

draws the corner of the mouth laterally (grinning)

127
Q

The ______ is located in the superficial fascia extending from the anterior neck to the face. It tenses the skin of the neck and also draws the corners of the mouth inferiorly and assists in depressing the mandible

A

platysma

128
Q

The fibers of the ______ mingle with the orbicularis oris

A

buccinator

129
Q

What does the buccinator do?

A

aids in mastication and swallowing by pressing the cheeks against the molar teeth-used in sucking and blowing

130
Q

The orbicularis oculi is the sphincter muscle of the eye–it consists of ____ parts. Name them

A

3; orbital part, palpebral part, and lacrimal part

131
Q

Name the part of the oribicularis oculi with its function.

  1. aids in spreading the tears by holding the eyelids close to the eyeballs
  2. lightly closes the eyelids to keep the cornea from drying out
  3. closes the eye to protect against light and dust
A
  1. lacrimal part
  2. palpebral part
  3. orbital part
132
Q

The lacrimal part of the orbicularis oculi is _____ to the palpebral part

A

deep

133
Q

The nasalis consists of transvers (______ _____-compresses the nostrils) and alar (_____ _____-flares the nostrils)

A

compressor naris;

dilator naris

134
Q

What does the Procerus do?

A

wrinkles the nose

135
Q

Name the two muscles of mastication.

A

masseter and temporalis

136
Q

The innervation of the skin of the face is primarily through the…

A

three branches of the trigeminal nerve

137
Q

The trigeminal nerve is cranial nerve #?

A

5 (CN V)

138
Q

The trigeminal nerve is the principal general ______ nerve to the head and _____ to the muscles of mastication.

A

sensory, motor

139
Q

Name the two sensory divisions of the trigeminal nerve. Name the division that is both sensory and motor.

A

Sensory- Opthalmic nerve (CN V1) and Maxillary nerve (CN V2)

Sensory and motor- Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

140
Q

The opthalmic nerve is the superior division and supplies the skin of the forehead, upper eyelid, and nose. It dives into three branches. Name them.

A

nasociliary, frontal, and lacrimal

141
Q

The maxillary nerve is the intermediate division and has three cutaneous branches. Name them.

A

infraorbital nerve, zygomaticofacial nerve, zygomatical temporal nerve

142
Q

Match the cutaneous branch of the maxillary nerve with its description.

  1. supplies the skin over the zygomatic process
  2. supplies the skin on the lateral nose, upper lip and lower eyelid
  3. supplies the skin over the temporal region
A
  1. zygomaticofascial nerve
  2. infraorbital nerve
  3. zygomatical temporal nerve
143
Q

The mandibular nerve is the inferior division and is motor to the muscles of ______

A

mastication

144
Q

The mandibular nerve has sensory branches. Name them.

A

buccal nerves, auriculotemporal nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, lingual nerve

145
Q

Match the sensory branches of the mandibular nerve with the descriptions below.

  1. supplies the lower teeth, mucosa of the lower lip; exits the mental foramen as the mental nerve and supplies the skin of the chin and the skin and mucous membrane of the lower lip and gums
  2. general sensory fibers to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, floor of the mouth, and gums of the upper teeth
  3. supplies the skin of the cheek over the buccinator muscle
  4. supplies parts of the auricle, external acoustic meatus, eardrum (tympanic membrane) and skin in the temporal region
A
  1. inferior alveolar nerve
  2. lingual nerve
  3. buccal nerve
  4. auriculotemporal nerve
146
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia (tix douloureux)?

A

sudden attacks of excruciating pain initiated by a mere touch in the area of the distribution of one of the divisions of the trigeminal nerve (usually CN V2)

147
Q

The facial nerve is the sole motor supply to the muscles of…

A

fascial expression

148
Q

True or False: The facial nerve is sensory to taste buds in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.

A

True

149
Q

The facial nerve is secretomotor to the _______ _____

A

salivary glands

150
Q

The facial nerve emerges from the skull through the ______ ________ and then enters the parotid gland where it divides into 5 branches.

A

stylomastoid foramen

151
Q

Name the 5 terminal branches of the facial nerve.

A
  1. temporal branches
  2. zygomatic branches
  3. buccal branches
  4. mandibular branch
  5. cervical branch
152
Q

Match the below descriptions to the branches of the facial nerve.

  1. supplies the platysma and superficial neck
  2. supplies the muscles in the lower lip and chin
  3. supplies all superficial facial muscles superior to the zygomatic arch
  4. supplies the buccinator and muscles in the upper lip
  5. supplies muscles in the zygomatic, orbital and infraorbital regions
A
  1. cervical
  2. mandibular
  3. temporal
  4. buccal
  5. zygomatic
153
Q

What is Bell’s Palsy?

A

paralysis of the facial nerve for no obvious reason-facial distortion occurs as a result of unopposed contraction of contralateral facial muscles

154
Q

The superficial arteries of the face are derived from the…

A

external carotid artery

155
Q

What is the nemonic to help you remember the branches of the facial nerve?

A

Two Zebras Bit My Chin

156
Q

What nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves?

A

Trigeminal CN V

157
Q

What is the chief artery of the face?

A

facial artery

158
Q

The facial artery hooks around the ______ border of the mandible and courses to the medial angle of the eye

A

inferior

159
Q

The superficial temporal artery begins deep to the _______ _____ and ascends superficial to the posterior portion of the zygomatic process-enters the temporal fossa and ends by dividing into ______ and ______ branches

A

parotid gland;

frontal and parietal branches

160
Q

The ______ _______ artery arises from the superficial temporal artery and crosses the face superior to the masseter- supplies the parotid gland and duct, the masseter muscles and the skin of the face

A

transverse facial

161
Q

The _______ and ________ are branches of the opthalmic artery which arises from the internal carotid artery and supply the forehead and the scalp

A

supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries

162
Q

The _____ vein provides the major venous drainage for the face. It is formed by the union of the supraorbital and supratrochlear veins-drains into the internal jugular vein

A

facial

163
Q

The _____ ______ vein drains the forehead and the scalp

A

superficial temporal vein

164
Q

The ______ vein is the anterior branch joins the facial vein; posterior branch joins the posterior auricular vein to form the external jugular vein

A

retromandibular

165
Q

The parotid gland is located near the auricle of the ear- the parotid duct opens into the mouth opposite the 2nd molar. It is supplied by branches of the _____ ______ artery, innervated by nerves from the ________ nerve-sympathetic and parasympathetic suply

A 
external carotid artery;
auriculotemporal nerve (CN V3)
166
Q

What nerve is found in the substance of the parotid gland?

A

facial nerve

167
Q

The ______ is a viral infection causing inflammation of the parotid gland-pain is caused by stretching of the tight fascial covering

A

mumps

168
Q

The scalp consists of ____ layers of soft tissue that cover the calvaria

A

5

169
Q

The scalp is composed of three fused layers-separated from the pericardium by…

A

loose connective tissue

170
Q

Name the layers of the scalp.

A

skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose areolar tissue, pericranium

171
Q

True or False: The skin of the scalp has abundant arterial supply and good venous and lymphatic drainage

A

True

172
Q

The epicranial aponeurosis is the membranous tendon if the ______ muscle

A

epicranius (occipitalis and frontalis muscles)

173
Q

What does the loose areolar tissue do?

A

allows for free movement of the scalp proper

174
Q

The innervation for the anterior scalp is… for the posterior…

A

anterior- trigeminal nerve (CN V)

posterior- cervical nerves (C2 and C3)

175
Q 
For the posterior scalp...
Match the following with the descriptions below (lesser occipital nerve, greater occipital nerve, third occipital nerve)
1. supplies area behind ear
2. posterior scalp
3. supplies midline of posterior scalp
A
  1. lesser occipital nerve
  2. greater occipital nerve (dorsal ramus of C2)
  3. third occipital nerve
176
Q

List the arteries that anastomose freely in the 2nd layer of the scalp (calvaria is supplied mainly by middle meningeal arteries)

A

internal (supratrochlear and supraorbital) and external carotid arteries (superficial temporal, posterior auricular and occipital)

177
Q

The cranial meninges are 3 membranous connective tissue layers that cover the brain. What are their functions?

A

protect the brain, for a support for the arteries veins, and venous sinuses, enclose the subarachnoid space

178
Q

The dura mater is a _______ membrane with an external periosteal layer and internal meningeal layer

A

bilaminar

179
Q

The dura mater is innervated primarily by branches of the ______ nerve

A

trigeminal

180
Q

What is the blood supply to the dura mater?

A

middle meningeal artery

181
Q

Name the 4 dural infoldings

A

falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, and diaphragma sella

182
Q

The cerebellum sits below the…

A

tentorium cerebelli

183
Q

The ____ ______ (incisure) is a sharp edged notch associated with the tentorium cerebelli

A

tentorial notch

184
Q

The _____ _____ covers where the pituitary gland sits.

A

diaphragma sella

185
Q

The ____ _____ _____ are endothelium lined spaces between the two dural layers

A

dural venous sinuses

186
Q

Name as many dural venous sinuses as you can.

A

superior sagittal sinus, inferior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, transverse sinuses, occipital sinuses, sigmoid sinuses, cavernous sinuses, intercavernous sinuses, superior petrosal sinusse, and inferior petrosal sinuses

187
Q

Which sinus runs along the upper aspect of the falx cerebri?

A

superior sagittal sinus

188
Q

Name two descriptive elements of the superior sagittal sinus.

A

venous lacunae and arachnoid granulations

189
Q

What is all included in the confluence of sinuses?

A

meeting of superior sagittal, straight, occipital, and transverse sinuses

190
Q

The sigmoid sinuses empties into the… which then enters into the…

A

jugular bulb, internal jugular vein

191
Q

The _____ veins connect the dural venous sinuses with veins outside the cranium.

A

Emissary

192
Q

Emissary veins are ______ but flow is usually away from the brain

A

valveless

193
Q

The subarachnoid space contains…

A

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), arteries, and veins

194
Q

The pia mater adheres to the surface of the brain and follows all its contours. True or False?

A

True

195
Q

The _______ is formed by two hemispheres which are incompletely separated by the longitudinal cerebral fissure

A

cerebrum

196
Q

The ______ ______ fissure incompletely separates the two cerebral hemispheres and contains the falx cerebri

A

longitudinal cerebral fissure

197
Q

The ______ _______ fissure/sulcus separates the cerebral hemispheres from the cerebellum, midbrain, and diencephalon

A

transverse cerebral fissure

198
Q

The lateral sulcus is a deep cleft separating the _____ and ______ lobes. Posteriorly is separates part of the _____ and _______ lobes

A

frontal and temporal;

parietal and temporal

199
Q

True or False: The motor area (pre-central gyrus) lies posterior to the central sulcus

A

False; it lies anterior to it

200
Q

What lies posterior to the central sulcus?

A

general sensory cortex (post central gyrus)

201
Q

What is the most common artery involved in a stroke?

A

middle cerebral artery

202
Q

Name the main lobes of the brain.

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

203
Q

The front lobe forms the anterior parts of the cerebral hemispheres. It is located ______ to the central sulcus and _____ to the lateral sulcus

A

anterior; superior

204
Q

A large part of the frontal cortex in front of the central sulcus is related to control of movements, primarily on the ______ side of the body (primary motor cortex and premotor area)

A

opposite

205
Q

The frontal lobe contain Broca’s area, which is important in ______

A

speech

206
Q

The prefrontal cortex is responsible for…

A

personality, insight, and foresight

207
Q

The parietal lobe is related to the to the internal aspects of the posterior and superior parts of the parietal bone. The postcentral gyrus houses the _____ _____ _____ which is responsible for reception of tactile and proprioceptive impulses-area parts of the parietal lobe interpret these sensations on the basis of past experience

A

primary somatosensory cortex

208
Q

The temporal lobe lies ______ to the lateral sulcus

A

inferior

209
Q

The temporal lobes includes…

A

the primary auditory cortex and Wernicke’s area (associated with Broca’s but deals with comprehension of speech)

210
Q

The occipital lobe rests on the tentorium cerebelli, superior to the posterior cranial fossae and contains the…

A

primary visual cortex

211
Q

The diencephalon is the central core of the brain. It surrounds the ____ ventricle

A

3rd

212
Q

The diencephalon composed primarily of the _____ but also includes the _____, ______, and _____

A

thalamus;

hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subthalamus

213
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

primary regulator of autonomic and endocrine functions

214
Q

The brain stem contains the cranial nerve nuclei and several other specific nuclei- also contains many _______ and _______ pathways

A

ascending and descending

215
Q

The ________ is the smallest part of the brain whose cavity is the cerebral aqueduct

A

mesencephalon

216
Q

The ____ lies in the anteiror part of the posterior cranial fossae whose fibers connect from the cerebrum to the cerebellum

A

pons

217
Q

The cavity of the pons forms part of the _____ ventricle

A

4th

218
Q

The medulla oblongata is continuous with the…

A

spinal cord at the foramen magnum

219
Q

The pyramids of the medulla contain the….

A

cerebrospinal tract which carries impulses from the brain to the spinal cord

220
Q

The medulla oblongata contains the ______ and _______ centers

A

cardiovascular and respiratory

221
Q

The cavity of the medulla oblongata forms the inferior part of the _____ ventricle

A

4th

222
Q

What is the “little brain”?

A

cerebellum

223
Q

The cerebellum overlies the posterior aspect of the pons and medulla oblongata, beneath the ____ ______

A

tentorium cerebelli

224
Q

The cerebellum consists of a midline portion called the ______ and two lateral lobes or hemispheres

A

vermis

225
Q

What is the cerebellum concerned with?

A

posture, muscle tone, and muscular coordination

226
Q

The ventricular system deals with…

A

cerebrospinal fluid

227
Q

The following describes the ventricular system. Please fill in the blanks.
Two lateral ventricles open through the interventricular foramen (of ______) into the 3rd ventricle in the diencephalon. The 3rd ventricle connects to the 4th ventricle through the ______ ______ (of ______). CSF flows into the subarachnoid space (_____ _____) through the median aperture (______ of _______) and 2 lateral apertures (______ of _____)

A

Two lateral ventricles open through the interventricular foramen (of Monro) into the 3rd ventricle in the diencephalon. The 3rd ventricle connects to the 4th ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius). CSF flows into the subarachnoid space (cisterna magna) through the median aperture (foramen of Magendie) and 2 lateral apertures (foramen of Luschka)

228
Q

The internal carotid artery arises from the common carotid artery and enters the skull through the ___ ____

A

carotid canal

229
Q

The internal carotid artery enters the middle cranial fossa over the ____ _____ and then runs anteriorly in the cavernous sinus

A

foramen lacerum

230
Q

The internal carotid leaves the cavernous sinus to enter the subarachnoid space. It gives off the ______ artery and then passes inferior to the optic nerve . It than branches into ____ and _______ cerebral arteries

A

opthalmic;

anterior and middle cerebral arteries

231
Q

Within the cranial cavity, the internal carotid artery supplies the ______ _____, the orbit, and much of the _______ part of the brain

A

pituitary gland, supratentorial

232
Q

The vertebral arteries begin as a branch of the ______ part of the subclavian artery

A

first

233
Q

The vertebral arteries ascend through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebra and enters the subarachnoid space at the ___ _____

A

foramen magnum

234
Q

The vertebral arteries run anteriorly on the _____ and united with the vertebral artery on the opposite side at the caudal border of the _____ to form the basilar artery

A

medulla,

pons

235
Q

What forms the basilar artery? How does it end?

A

the union of the two vertebral arteries;

ends by dividing into the two posterior cerebral arteries

236
Q

What is the Circle of Willis?

A

an important anastomosis between the two vertebral and two internal carotid arteries

237
Q

The Circle of Willis is located at the base of the brain and encircles the ____ ______

A

optic chiasm

238
Q

What arteries form the Circle of Willis?

A 
posterior cerebral arteries
posterior communicating arteries
internal carotid arteries
anterior cerebral arteries
anterior communicating arteries
239
Q

The central arteries supply…

The cortical branches supply…

A

central arteries-deep structures;

cortical branches-superficial parts of the brain

240
Q

The cerebral arteries include the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries. Match them with the description below.

  1. supplies the lateral surface
  2. supplies the inferior surface
  3. supplies most of the medial and superior surfaces
A
  1. middle cerebral artery
  2. posterior cerebral artery
  3. anterior cerebral artery
241
Q

Name the cerebellar arteries.

A
  1. superior cerebellar arteries
  2. anterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICA)
  3. posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICA)

Applied Anatomy (6 decks)

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