Exam 2-Part 1 Flashcards
Name each of the sections the upper extremity is divided into.
The shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand.
What is another name for each of the following:
- arm
- forearm
- wrist
- hand
- brachium
- antebrachium
- carpus
- manus
The shoulder is defined as the junction between the ____ and ____.
arm and trunk
The arm is between the ___ and ____.
shoulder and elbow
The forearm is between the ____ and ____.
elbow and wrist
The wrist is between the ___ and ____.
forearm and hand
The _____ of the upper extremity has been sacrificed in order to gain _____.
stability, mobility
Name the bones the of the shoulder.
Clavicle, scapula, and humerus
What is the most commonly fractured bone in the body?
clavicle
What does the clavicle connect?
the upper extremity to the axial skeleton and the trunk
What are the two joints on either end of the clavicle?
sternoclavicular joint and acromioclavicular joint
For the sternoclavicular joint, the sternal or _____ end articulates with the _____.
medial, sternum
For the acromioclavicular joint, the _____ or lateral end articulates with the _____ of the scapula.
acromial, acromion
Name two important features of the acromial (lateral) end of the clavicle.
trapezoid line and conoid tubercle
The medial _/3 of the clavicular shaft is ____ anteriorly and the lateral _/3 is ____ anterioly
2, convex;
1, concave
What is another name for the jugular notch?
suprasternal notch
The groove located on the inferior surface of the clavicle is for the _____ muscle
subclavius
What are the three functions of the clavicle?
- to hold the upper extremity away from the trunk to allow for freedom of movement
- to provide attachments for muscles
- to transmit forces from the upper extremity to the axial skeleton
The scapula is a flattened triangular bone on the posterolateral aspect of the thorax covering parts of ribs #s ___-___.
ribs 2-7
The scapulothoracic joint is a _______ joint that allows for _____ _____ to occur.
physiologic, scapulohumeral rhythm
Named parts of the scapula include….
glenoid fossa, neck, body, coracoid process, subscapular fossa, spine, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, acromion, suprascapular notch, superior angle, inferior angle, medial border, and lateral border
The glenoid fossa is also known as the ___ of the scapula and articulates with the….
head, head of the humerus
The coo coo beak is a nickname for the…
coracoid process
The root of the scapular spine aligns with what vertebra?
T3
The acromion is the ___ of the shoulder.
point
The superior angle of the scapula aligns with what vertebra?
T2
The inferior angle of the scapula aligns with what vertebra?
T7
The medial border of the scapula is also known as the ____ border and the lateral border of the scapula is also know as the ____ border.
vertebral, axillary
The humerus is the ______ bone in the upper extremity and is also an example of a ____ bone.
largest, long
The humeral head articulates with the…
glenoid fossa
The intertubercular groove of the humerus is the insertion of what muscle?
tendon of the long head of the biceps
The intertubercular groove is also called the…
bicipital groove
What does the anatomic neck of the humerus separate?
the head and the tubercles of the humerus
The ____ ____ of the humerus is a common site of fractures.
surgical neck
The surgical neck of the humerus is located below the…
greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus
If someone has a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus, it could possibly cause damage to the ____nerve.
axillary
Where is the deltoid tuberosity located?
anterolateral aspect of the humerus
The trochlea (spool) of the humerus is located on both the anterior and posterior humerus its ____ end.
distal
The trochlea fits into the….
trochlear notch of the ulna
The ____ ____ is located on the anterior aspect of the humerus just proximal to the trochlea.
coronoid fossa
The ______ adjoins the lateral part of the trochlea.
capitulum
The _____ epicondyle projects from the trochlea while the _____ epicondyle projects from the capitulum.
medial, lateral
The humerus has both medial and lateral _________ ridges that act as attachment points for muscles.
supracondylar
The radial groove is located on the _____ aspect of the humerus and contains….
posterior; radial nerve and deep artery of the arm
What is another name for the deep artery of the arm?
arteria profunda brachii
The _____ _____ is located on the posterior aspect of the humerus just proximal to the trochlea.
olecranon fossa
Name the extrinsic muscles of the back.
trapzius, latissimus dorsi, levator scpulae, rhomboid major and minor
The extrinsic muscles of the back connect…
the upper extremity to the vertebral column
What forms the triangle of auscultation?
latissimus dorsi, part of the rhomboid major and trapezius
The muscles in the region of the triangle of auscultation are thinning making to a prime area for…
listening to breathing, lung sounds
Name the intrinsic or scapular muscles.
deltoid, teres major, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis
The _____ muscle forms a round contour or cap of the shoulder.
deltoid
The deltoid has three parts. Name each of them, describe their location (part), and their function.
- Anterior (clavicular part); flexion and medial rotation
- Middle (acromial part); abduction
- Posterior (spinal part); extension and lateral rotation
The deltopectoral triangle (groove) houses the _____ vein which is a superficial vein.
cephalic
What is a nickname for the teres major?
little lat
The inferior border of the teres major forms the inferior border of the _____ wall of the axilla.
posterior
A miss between to majors refers to…
The latissimus dorsi inserting in between the teres major and pec major.
The teres major acts to…. during abduction.
stabilize the humeral head in the glenoid cavity
Name the muscles of the rotator cuff.
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor
Which muscles of the rotator cuff are including in the SIT of SITS and where do they all insert?
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor; insert on greater tubercle of humerus
The _______ muscle of the rotator cuff attaches to the lesser tubercle.
subscapularis
The rotator cuff muscles blend with the ____ _____ of the shoulder joint.
articular capsule
What is the function of the rotator cuff?
protect the shoulder joint and give it stability
What is the common action of all four rotator cuff muscles?
maintain humeral head in the glenoid fossa
The ______ muscle acts strongly when a heavy weight is carried with the upper extremity adducted as is when carrying a heavy suitcase.
supraspinatus
The subacromial bursa functions to…
help cushion the supraspinatus tendon
What is the most commonly torn part of the rotator cuff and why?
the supraspinatus tendon because it does not have a good blood supply
Bursa are typically present where?
between a bony area and muscle
The subscapularis forms part of the ____ wall of the axilla.
posterior
What ligament (give both names) crosses the suprascapular notch?
superior transverse scapular ligament or suprascapular ligament
What does the phrase the army goes over the bridge and the navy goes under the bridge symbolize.
The suprascapular artery (army) crosses over the suprascapular ligament (bridge) and the suprascapular nerve (navy) crosses under it.
What two vessels travel through the quadrangular space?
The axillary nerve and the posterior humeral circumflex artery
Name the borders of the quadrangular space.
Superior border- inferior border of teres minor
Lateral border- surgical neck of humerus
Medial border- long head of triceps brachii
Inferior border- superior border of teres major
The triangular space transmits what artery?
the circumflex scapular artery
Name the borders of the triangular space.
Superior border- inferior border of the teres major
Lateral border- medial border of the long head of the triceps
Inferior border- superior border of the teres major
The thyrocervical trunk arises from the _____ artery
subclavian
What three arteries discussed arise from the thyrocervical trunk?
Transverse cervical artery, suprascapular artery, and dorsal scapular artery
What is another name for the transverse cervical artery?
cervicodorsal artery
What artery is a superficial branch located on the deep surface of the trapezius?
Transverse cervical artery or cervicodorsal artery
The suprascapular artery passes ____ to the suprascapular ligament.
superior
The dorsal scapular artery is found on the deep surface of the ____ and may arise as a deep descending branch of what artery?
rhomboids, transverse cervical artery (cervicodorsal artery)
What forms the pectoral girdle?
the clavicles and scapulae
The pectoral girdle articulates with the sternum at the ______ joint and with the upper limb and the ____ joint.
sternoclavicular, shoudler
True or False. The pectoral girdle is very mobile.
True
What supports the pectoral girdle?
the pectoral muscles
The clavicle extends from the ______ of the sternum to the ______ of the scapula.
manubrium, acromion
True or False: The clavicle is the only bony attachment of the upper limb to the trunk.
True
Name the 4 ligaments of the clavicle.
interclavicular, anterior sternoclavicular, posterior sternoclavicular, and costoclavicular
What are the functions of the clavicle (3)?
- acts as a strut
- muscle attachments
- transmits forces
Name the three parts of the sternum (sometimes described as a sword).
- manubrium (handle of sword)
- body (part of blade)
- xiphoid process (part of blade)
What is the sternal angle.
The junction of the manubrium and body of the sternum (manubriosternal joint).
Name the important relationship at the point of the sternal angle (5).
- the second costal cartilage articulates with the sternum
- the aortic arch begins and ends
- the trachea bifurcates into right and let bronchi
- inferior border of superior mediastinum
- transverse plane would pass through T4/T5 disc
The mediastinum describes what area?
the area between the lungs
The pectoralis major has ____ heads.
Two; clavicular and sternocostal
The _____ border of the pectoralis major forms the anterior axillary fold.
lateral
What forms the deltopectoral triangle?
pectoralis major, deltoid, and clavicle
The pectoralis minor is a landmark of the ____. Along with the _____ _____, the pectoralis minor forms a deep arch for the passage of vessels and nerves to the arm.
axilla. coracoid process
The subclavius muscles has a function to _____ structures underneath it.
protect
The serratus anterior works with other muscles to allow for the scapulohumeral rhythm. Typically there is ____ degree(s) of scapular rotation for every ___ degree(s) of glenohumeral movement.
1,2
The scapulothoracic “joint” which allows for movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall is an example of a ____ joint.
physiologic
This nerve breaks the rule that nerves are usually deep to the muscle they innervate. Name this superficial nerve and what muscle it innervates.
Long thoracic nerve. Innervates the serratus anterior
Improperly sized crutches could put pressure on the long thoracic nerve leading to problems. In addition a weak serratus may cause what to happen?
Winging of the scapula