Exam 2-Part 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Name each of the sections the upper extremity is divided into.
A
The shoulder, arm, forearm, wrist, and hand.
2
Q
What is another name for each of the following:
- arm
- forearm
- wrist
- hand
A
- brachium
- antebrachium
- carpus
- manus
3
Q
The shoulder is defined as the junction between the ____ and ____.
A
arm and trunk
4
Q
The arm is between the ___ and ____.
A
shoulder and elbow
5
Q
The forearm is between the ____ and ____.
A
elbow and wrist
6
Q
The wrist is between the ___ and ____.
A
forearm and hand
7
Q
The _____ of the upper extremity has been sacrificed in order to gain _____.
A
stability, mobility
8
Q
Name the bones the of the shoulder.
A
Clavicle, scapula, and humerus
9
Q
What is the most commonly fractured bone in the body?
A
clavicle
10
Q
What does the clavicle connect?
A
the upper extremity to the axial skeleton and the trunk
11
Q
What are the two joints on either end of the clavicle?
A
sternoclavicular joint and acromioclavicular joint
12
Q
For the sternoclavicular joint, the sternal or _____ end articulates with the _____.
A
medial, sternum
13
Q
For the acromioclavicular joint, the _____ or lateral end articulates with the _____ of the scapula.
A
acromial, acromion
14
Q
Name two important features of the acromial (lateral) end of the clavicle.
A
trapezoid line and conoid tubercle
15
Q
The medial _/3 of the clavicular shaft is ____ anteriorly and the lateral _/3 is ____ anterioly
A
2, convex;
1, concave
16
Q
What is another name for the jugular notch?
A
suprasternal notch
17
Q
The groove located on the inferior surface of the clavicle is for the _____ muscle
A
subclavius
18
Q
What are the three functions of the clavicle?
A
- to hold the upper extremity away from the trunk to allow for freedom of movement
- to provide attachments for muscles
- to transmit forces from the upper extremity to the axial skeleton
19
Q
The scapula is a flattened triangular bone on the posterolateral aspect of the thorax covering parts of ribs #s ___-___.
A
ribs 2-7
20
Q
The scapulothoracic joint is a _______ joint that allows for _____ _____ to occur.
A
physiologic, scapulohumeral rhythm
21
Q
Named parts of the scapula include….
A
glenoid fossa, neck, body, coracoid process, subscapular fossa, spine, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, acromion, suprascapular notch, superior angle, inferior angle, medial border, and lateral border
22
Q
The glenoid fossa is also known as the ___ of the scapula and articulates with the….
A
head, head of the humerus
23
Q
The coo coo beak is a nickname for the…
A
coracoid process
24
Q
The root of the scapular spine aligns with what vertebra?
A
T3
25
The acromion is the ___ of the shoulder.
point
26
The superior angle of the scapula aligns with what vertebra?
T2
27
The inferior angle of the scapula aligns with what vertebra?
T7
28
The medial border of the scapula is also known as the ____ border and the lateral border of the scapula is also know as the ____ border.
vertebral, axillary
29
The humerus is the ______ bone in the upper extremity and is also an example of a ____ bone.
largest, long
30
The humeral head articulates with the...
glenoid fossa
31
The intertubercular groove of the humerus is the insertion of what muscle?
tendon of the long head of the biceps
32
The intertubercular groove is also called the...
bicipital groove
33
What does the anatomic neck of the humerus separate?
the head and the tubercles of the humerus
34
The ____ ____ of the humerus is a common site of fractures.
surgical neck
35
The surgical neck of the humerus is located below the...
greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus
36
If someone has a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus, it could possibly cause damage to the ____nerve.
axillary
37
Where is the deltoid tuberosity located?
anterolateral aspect of the humerus
38
The trochlea (spool) of the humerus is located on both the anterior and posterior humerus its ____ end.
distal
39
The trochlea fits into the....
trochlear notch of the ulna
40
The ____ ____ is located on the anterior aspect of the humerus just proximal to the trochlea.
coronoid fossa
41
The ______ adjoins the lateral part of the trochlea.
capitulum
42
The _____ epicondyle projects from the trochlea while the _____ epicondyle projects from the capitulum.
medial, lateral
43
The humerus has both medial and lateral _________ ridges that act as attachment points for muscles.
supracondylar
44
The radial groove is located on the _____ aspect of the humerus and contains....
posterior; radial nerve and deep artery of the arm
45
What is another name for the deep artery of the arm?
arteria profunda brachii
46
The _____ _____ is located on the posterior aspect of the humerus just proximal to the trochlea.
olecranon fossa
47
Name the extrinsic muscles of the back.
trapzius, latissimus dorsi, levator scpulae, rhomboid major and minor
48
The extrinsic muscles of the back connect...
the upper extremity to the vertebral column
49
What forms the triangle of auscultation?
latissimus dorsi, part of the rhomboid major and trapezius
50
The muscles in the region of the triangle of auscultation are thinning making to a prime area for...
listening to breathing, lung sounds
51
Name the intrinsic or scapular muscles.
deltoid, teres major, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis
52
The _____ muscle forms a round contour or cap of the shoulder.
deltoid
53
The deltoid has three parts. Name each of them, describe their location (part), and their function.
1. Anterior (clavicular part); flexion and medial rotation
2. Middle (acromial part); abduction
3. Posterior (spinal part); extension and lateral rotation
54
The deltopectoral triangle (groove) houses the _____ vein which is a superficial vein.
cephalic
55
What is a nickname for the teres major?
little lat
56
The inferior border of the teres major forms the inferior border of the _____ wall of the axilla.
posterior
57
A miss between to majors refers to...
The latissimus dorsi inserting in between the teres major and pec major.
58
The teres major acts to.... during abduction.
stabilize the humeral head in the glenoid cavity
59
Name the muscles of the rotator cuff.
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor
60
Which muscles of the rotator cuff are including in the SIT of SITS and where do they all insert?
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor; insert on greater tubercle of humerus
61
The _______ muscle of the rotator cuff attaches to the lesser tubercle.
subscapularis
62
The rotator cuff muscles blend with the ____ _____ of the shoulder joint.
articular capsule
63
What is the function of the rotator cuff?
protect the shoulder joint and give it stability
64
What is the common action of all four rotator cuff muscles?
maintain humeral head in the glenoid fossa
65
The ______ muscle acts strongly when a heavy weight is carried with the upper extremity adducted as is when carrying a heavy suitcase.
supraspinatus
66
The subacromial bursa functions to...
help cushion the supraspinatus tendon
67
What is the most commonly torn part of the rotator cuff and why?
the supraspinatus tendon because it does not have a good blood supply
68
Bursa are typically present where?
between a bony area and muscle
69
The subscapularis forms part of the ____ wall of the axilla.
posterior
70
What ligament (give both names) crosses the suprascapular notch?
superior transverse scapular ligament or suprascapular ligament
71
What does the phrase the army goes over the bridge and the navy goes under the bridge symbolize.
The suprascapular artery (army) crosses over the suprascapular ligament (bridge) and the suprascapular nerve (navy) crosses under it.
72
What two vessels travel through the quadrangular space?
The axillary nerve and the posterior humeral circumflex artery
73
Name the borders of the quadrangular space.
Superior border- inferior border of teres minor
Lateral border- surgical neck of humerus
Medial border- long head of triceps brachii
Inferior border- superior border of teres major
74
The triangular space transmits what artery?
the circumflex scapular artery
75
Name the borders of the triangular space.
Superior border- inferior border of the teres major
Lateral border- medial border of the long head of the triceps
Inferior border- superior border of the teres major
76
The thyrocervical trunk arises from the _____ artery
subclavian
77
What three arteries discussed arise from the thyrocervical trunk?
Transverse cervical artery, suprascapular artery, and dorsal scapular artery
78
What is another name for the transverse cervical artery?
cervicodorsal artery
79
What artery is a superficial branch located on the deep surface of the trapezius?
Transverse cervical artery or cervicodorsal artery
80
The suprascapular artery passes ____ to the suprascapular ligament.
superior
81
The dorsal scapular artery is found on the deep surface of the ____ and may arise as a deep descending branch of what artery?
rhomboids, transverse cervical artery (cervicodorsal artery)
82
What forms the pectoral girdle?
the clavicles and scapulae
83
The pectoral girdle articulates with the sternum at the ______ joint and with the upper limb and the ____ joint.
sternoclavicular, shoudler
84
True or False. The pectoral girdle is very mobile.
True
85
What supports the pectoral girdle?
the pectoral muscles
86
The clavicle extends from the ______ of the sternum to the ______ of the scapula.
manubrium, acromion
87
True or False: The clavicle is the only bony attachment of the upper limb to the trunk.
True
88
Name the 4 ligaments of the clavicle.
interclavicular, anterior sternoclavicular, posterior sternoclavicular, and costoclavicular
89
What are the functions of the clavicle (3)?
1. acts as a strut
2. muscle attachments
3. transmits forces
90
Name the three parts of the sternum (sometimes described as a sword).
1. manubrium (handle of sword)
2. body (part of blade)
3. xiphoid process (part of blade)
91
What is the sternal angle.
The junction of the manubrium and body of the sternum (manubriosternal joint).
92
Name the important relationship at the point of the sternal angle (5).
1. the second costal cartilage articulates with the sternum
2. the aortic arch begins and ends
3. the trachea bifurcates into right and let bronchi
4. inferior border of superior mediastinum
5. transverse plane would pass through T4/T5 disc
93
The mediastinum describes what area?
the area between the lungs
94
The pectoralis major has ____ heads.
Two; clavicular and sternocostal
95
The _____ border of the pectoralis major forms the anterior axillary fold.
lateral
96
What forms the deltopectoral triangle?
pectoralis major, deltoid, and clavicle
97
The pectoralis minor is a landmark of the ____. Along with the _____ _____, the pectoralis minor forms a deep arch for the passage of vessels and nerves to the arm.
axilla. coracoid process
98
The subclavius muscles has a function to _____ structures underneath it.
protect
99
The serratus anterior works with other muscles to allow for the scapulohumeral rhythm. Typically there is ____ degree(s) of scapular rotation for every ___ degree(s) of glenohumeral movement.
1,2
100
The scapulothoracic "joint" which allows for movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall is an example of a ____ joint.
physiologic
101
This nerve breaks the rule that nerves are usually deep to the muscle they innervate. Name this superficial nerve and what muscle it innervates.
Long thoracic nerve. Innervates the serratus anterior
102
Improperly sized crutches could put pressure on the long thoracic nerve leading to problems. In addition a weak serratus may cause what to happen?
Winging of the scapula
103
Describe superficial fascia.
Loose connective tissue with a variable amount of fat. Contains sweat glands, blood, and lymphatic vessels and nerves
104
Deep fascia is typically thin but both ____ and ____.
dense and strong
105
The deep fascia forms an envelope which is adherent to underlying muscle--covers muscles up to their attachment to bone and is attached to the ____.
periosteum
106
Name the fascia that is considered deep fascia and extends from the clavicle to the floor of the axilla enclosing the subclavius and pectoralis minor.
Clavipectoral fascia
107
What three vessels pierce the clavipectoral fascia?
cephalic vein, lateral pectoral nerve, and thoracoacromial artery
108
The thoracoacromial artery arise from the ___ artery and has 4 other branches. Name its branches.
axillary;
1. pectoral
2. acromial
3. deltoid
4. clavicular
109
The cephalic vein is found where?
in the deltopectoral groove
110
The ____ _____ artery lies below the thoracoacromial artery and heads towards the breasts.
lateral thoracic
111
What artery lies between the 1st and 2nd rib?
supreme thoracic artery
112
The mammary gland is a type of.....gland
modified sweat gland
113
Most of the bulk of the breast is...
fat lobules
114
The fat lobules of the breasts are supported by....
the suspensory ligaments of Cooper
115
The ____ is a circular area of skin around the nipple that darkens with pregnancy.
areola
116
The areola contains areolar glands which are ____ glands that help lubricate the nipple.
sebaceous
117
The nipples are composed of smooth tissue and contain openings of ____ ____, which are thread like coming from the glandular tissue and bring milk to the surface.
lactiferous ducts
118
What is the arterial supply for the mammary glands?
mainly from internal thoracic artery (also lateral thoracic, thoracoacromial and intercostals branches)
119
Venous drainage of the mammary glands enters eventually into the ____ vein.
axillary; (also internal thoracic, lateral thoracic, and intercostal veins)
120
The mammary gland is innervated by....
lateral and cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves (4-6)
121
What is the retromammary space?
a potential space between the breast and pectoral fascia
122
The lymphatic system is part of the the _____ and _____ systems.
circulatory and immune systems
123
What does the lymphatic system do?
drains excess fluid from the tissues and provides defense mechanisms for he body
124
Lymphatics: Excess tissue fluid is filtered through lymph nodes and returned to the _____ via the venous system.
bloodstream
125
True or False: The lymphatics are typically large vessels.
False
126
Most lymphatic drainage of the breast is to the ____ nodes, which is clinically important in breast cancer.
axillary
127
The lateral cervical region is another name for the...
posterior triangle of the neck
128
The _____ is a superficial neck muscle that is very thin and innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII)
platysma
129
______ is the key landmark of the neck, dividing the neck into anterior and posterior triangles.
Sternocleidomastoid
130
What is torticollis (wryneck)?
fixed rotation and tilting of the head owing to contracture (shortening) of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
131
Name the boundaries of the posterior triangle.
Anterior: posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
Posterior: anterior border of the trapezius
Inferior: middle 1/3 of clavicle
Roof: deep cervical fascia
Floor: splenius capitis and levator scapulae
132
What lies between the anterior and middle scalene?
the brachial plexus
133
The ____ ____ is perforated by the dorsal scapular nerve and roots of the long thoracic nerve.
middle scalene
134
The middle scalene lies ____ to ventral rami of brachial plexus and 3rd part of subclavian.
posterior
135
The ____ _____ is deep to the sternocleidomastoid and is not really part of the posterior triangle but may have a small part of the inferior portion of the muscle appear there.
anterior scalene
136
What nerve course the anterior surface of the anterior scalene?
phrenic nerve
137
Which is the largest of the scalene muscles?
middle scalene
138
The middle and anterior scalene muscles are accessory muscles of ______.
respiration
139
.....describes a group of disorders that occur when the structures passing through the space between the clavicle and the first rib become compressed.
Thoracic outlet (inlet) syndrome
140
Thoracic outlet (inlet) syndrome may have a number of causes including....
injury, extra cervical rib, anterior scalene syndrome, or posture/weakness
141
The external jugular vein is formed by the union of the posterior division of the ______ vein with the ____ ______ vein.
retromandibular, posterior auricular
142
The external jugular vein empties into the _____ vein and drains most of the ___ and _____.
subclavian; scalp and face
143
The two veins present in the lateral cervical region are....
external jugular vein and subclavian vein
144
The subclavian artery is divided into 3 parts by the ____ ____ muscle.
anterior scalene
145
True or False. All 3 parts of the subclavian artery are present in the posterior triangle of the neck.
False, the 3rd part of the subclavian artery is barely in the posterior triangle
146
The transverse cervical artery arises from the.....It supplied the muscles in the _____ region.
thyrocervical trunk, scapular
147
The superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery accompanies cranial nerve ____ on the deep surface of the trapezius. The deep branch corresponds to the ____ ____ artery.
XI (Accessory), dorsal scapular
148
The suprascapular artery arises from the....and travels over the....
thyrocervical trunk, suprascapular (transverse scapular) ligament
149
The suprascapular artery supplies muscles around the scapular and is involved with ____ _____ around the scapula.
collateral circulation
150
The occipital artery is a branch of the ____ _____ and supplies the ______ half of the scalp.
external carotid, posterior
151
The ____ nerve divides the posterior triangle of the neck into superior and inferior parts.
accessory
152
The cervical plexus is comprised of....and is a network of nerves formed by the communication between the ventral rami of the certain cervical nerves.
ventral rami C1-C4
153
The lesser occipital nerve gets contributions from....
C2 and C3
154
The lesser occipital nerve is found in the _____ part of the posterior triangle of the neck and supplies....
superior;
| the scalp and skin of neck posterior to the ear and superior part of the ear.
155
The great auricular nerve gets contributions from....and supplies skin of the neck, inferior auricle and area extending from the mandible to the mastoid process.
C2 and C3
156
The transverse cervical nerve gets contributions from.... supplies the skin over the ______ triangle of the neck.
C2 and C3, anterior
157
The supraclavicular nerves gets contributions from...
C3 and C4
158
Name the branches of the supraclavicular nerves.
medial, intermediate, and lateral
159
The suprascapular nerves supplies skin over the anterior aspect of the chest and shoulder. Specifically the ____ branches supply the sternoclavicular joint and the ____ branches supply the acromioclavicular joints.
medial, lateral
160
The phrenic nerve is the sole more supply to the diaphragm and is made up from cervical nerves....
C3, C4, and C5 (keeps the diaphragm alive)
161
The supraclavicular part of the brachial plexus is found in the lateral cervical region of the neck. The 3 trunks are found ____ to the clavicle and this part lies _____ to the middle scalene.
superior, anterior
162
The suprascapular nerve is made up of cervical nerves....and supplies what muscles?
C5 and C6;
| supraspinatus and infraspinatus
163
Name the peripheral nerves formed from the cervical plexus.
lesser occipital nerve, great auricular nerve, transverse cervical nerve, supraclavicular nerves, and phrenic nerve
164
What is the axilla?
armpit; the passageway for nerves and vessels to reach the upper extremity
165
The axilla is found at the junction of the ___ and ____.
arm and thorax
166
The neurovascular structures in the axilla are ensheathed in an extension of cervical fascia called....
the axillary sheath
167
The apex or inet of the axilla is located of the medial side of the root of the ____ _____ of the scapula and extends superiorly into the posterior triangle of the neck.
coracoid process
168
The entrance to the axilla has anterior, posterior, and medial walls. Give the corresponding anatomical landmark of each wall.
Anterior wall: clavicle
Posterior wall: scapula
Medial wall: 1st rib
169
The base of the axilla is composed of....
axillary fascia and skin
170
What makes up the entire anterior wall of the axilla (4 things)?
1. clavicle
2. pectoralis major (anterior axillary fold)
3. pectoralis minor
4. subclavius
171
What makes up the entire posterior wall of the axilla (4 things)?
1. scapula
2. subscapularis
3. teres major
4. lat dorsi
172
The axillary fold is formed by the ___ ___ and ___ ___.
teres major and lat dorsi
173
The lateral wall of the axilla is the....
intertubercular groove of the humerus
174
The medial wall of the axilla is made up of the....(2 things)
1. serratus anterior
| 2. ribs and intercostals
175
The _____ plexus is the large network of nerves to the upper extremity that extends from the neck into the axilla.
brachial
176
The brachial plexus is formed by the union of the _____ rami of nerves ___-____ and the greater part of the ____ ____ ramus
ventral, C5-C8, T1 ventral
177
Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer stands for what?
The rami ("roots), trunks, divisions, cords, and branches of the brachial plexus
178
The brachial plexus is located partly in the.... and partly in the.... (Be specific).
posterior triangle of the neck (supraclavicular-rami and trunks);
axilla (infraclavicular-cords and their branches)
179
Name the trunks of the brachial plexus.
Upper (superior), Middle, and Lower (inferior)
180
Name the ventral rami that make up each of the three trunks of the brachial plexus.
Upper (superior): C5, C6
Middle: C7
Lower (inferior): C8, T1
181
The inferior trunk lies on the ___ ___ posterior to the subclavian artery.
1st rib
182
Each trunk has ____ division(s).
Two-anterior and posterior
183
The anterior division supplies the ____ (_____) parts and the posterior division supplies the _____ (____) parts.
anterior (flexor);
| posterior (extensor)
184
The cords of the brachial plexus are named in relation to....
the axillary artery
185
Name each of the three cords of the brachial plexus and what forms them.
1. posterior- formed by the union of the 3 posterior divisions
2. lateral- formed by the union of the anterior divisions of the superior (upper) and middle trunks
3. medial- formed by the anterior division of the inferior (lower) trunk
186
Each cord divides into ____ terminal branch(es) which may have additional side branched.
two
187
Name the branches of each of the cords of the brachial plexus.
Posterior cord- axillary and radial nerves
Lateral cord- musculocutaneous, lateral root of median nerve
Medial cord- ulnar and medial root of median nerve
188
The ____ nerve is the largest branch of the brachial plexus.
radial
189
The supraclavicular branches of the brachial plexus arise from....
rami and trunks
190
What are the supraclavicular branches of the brachial plexus?
1. dorsal scapular nerve
2. long thoracic nerve
3. nerve to subclavius
4. suprascapular nerve
191
The dorsal scapular nerve is made up of cervical nerves __ and often ___ and supplies....
C5 and often C4; supplied rhomboids and partial supply to levator scapulae
192
The long thoracic nerve is made up of cervical nerves ___-____ and supplies...
C5-C7, serratus anterior
193
The nerve to the subclavius is made up of cervical nerves.... and supplies the _____.
C5 (also C4 and sometimes C6), supplied subclavius
194
The suprascapular nerve is made up of cervical nerves.... and supplies....
C5, C6 (often C4); supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus
195
The infraclavicular branches of the brachial plexus arise from the ____
cords
196
The lateral cord has ____ branch(es).
three
197
Name the three branches of the lateral cord.
1. lateral pectoral nerve
2. musculocutaneous nerve
3. lateral root of median nerve
198
The lateral pectoral nerve gives partial supply to what muscles and is made up of cervical nerves ___-____.
pectoralis major and minor; C5-C7
199
The musculocutaneous nerve is made up of cervical nerves ____-____ and supplies...
C5-C7;
coracobrachialis (pierces the muscle), biceps brachii, brachialis, skin of lateral forearm ( lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve)
200
The lateral root of median nerve is made up of cervical nerves ___-____.
C6-C7
201
The medial cord has ___ branch(es).
five
202
Name the branches of the medial cord.
1. medial pectoral nerve
2. medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
3. medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm
4. ulnar nerve
5. medial root of the median nerve
203
Name the rami of the brachial plexus that make up the medial pectoral nerve. What muscles does this nerve supply?
C8, T1
| partial supply to the pectoralis minor and pectoralis major
204
Name the rami of the brachial plexus that make up the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm. What areas does this nerve supply?
C8, T1
| supplies skin on medial arm and proximal forearm
205
Name the rami of the brachial plexus that make up the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm. What area does this nerve supply?
C8, T1
| skin over medial forearm
206
Name the rami of the brachial plexus that make up the ulnar nerve. What muscles does this nerve supply?
C8, T1, and sometimes C7
| supplies flexor carpi ulnaris and partial supply to flexor digitorum profundus, most small muscles of the hand
207
Name the rami of the brachial plexus that make up the medial root of the median nerve. What muscles does this nerve supply?
C8, T1
median nerve supplies flexor muscles in forearm (EXCEPT flexor carpi ulnaris and 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus) and skin of hand
208
The posterior cord has ____ branch(es).
five
209
Name the 5 branches of the posterior cord.
1. upper subscapular nerve
2. thorcodorsal (middle subscapular) nerve
3. lower subscapular nerve
4. axillary nerve
5. radial nerve
210
The rami of ___ make up the upper subscapular nerve which supplies.....
C5, supplies subscapualris
211
The rami of ___-____ make up the thoracodorsal (middle subscapular) nerve which supplies.....
C6-C8, supplies lat dorsi
212
The rami of ___ make up the lower subscapular nerve which supplies.....
C6, supplies teres major and partial supply to subscapularis
213
The rami of ___-____ make up the axillary nerve which supplies.....
C5-C6, supplies teres minor and deltoid
214
The rami of ___-____ make up the radial nerve which supplies.....
C5-T1, major supply to extensor muscles
215
The axillary nerve passes through the quadrangular space with the _____ ______ humeral vessels.
posterior circumflex
216
The axillary nerve ends as the......nerve of the arm, which supplies the skin over the lower half of the deltoid and adjacent areas of the arm.
upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
217
Name the muscles innervated by the radial nerve.
triceps, anconeus, brachioradialis, and extensor muscles of the forearm
218
True or False: The radial nerve also supplies the skin of the extensor region, including the hand.
True
219
The radial nerve runs between the ____ and ____ heads if the triceps and enters the ____ ____ in the humerus.
long and medial heads; radial groove
220
What is a dermatome?
a trip of skin innervated by the dorsal root of a single spinal nerve
221
A _____ nerve supplies an area of the skin that is related to a peripheral nerve.
cutaneous
222
A cutaneous nerve may contain fibers from several individual spinal nerves. Therefore, cutaneous nerve areas show much overlapping. However, a cutaneous nerve area is generally _____ and ____ than an area supplied by only a single spinal (dermatome) nerve.
broader and wider
223
What is a myotome?
A group of muscles supplied by a single spinal nerve
224
Name the myotome for C5.
deltoid and biceps
225
Name the myotome for C6.
biceps, extensor carpi radialis longus (wrist extensors)
226
Name the myotome for C7.
triceps, wrist flexors, finger extensors
227
Name the myotome for C8.
flexor digitorum superficialis/profundus (finger flexors)
228
Name the myotome for T1.
Abductor digiti minimi and interossei
229
Name some possible causes of injury to the brachial plexus.
Disease or stretching of wounds
230
Describe an upper brachial plexus injury (injury to superior trunk).
results form excessive separation of the neck and shoulder
231
What is Erb's palsy?
injury to primarily C5, C6 waiter's tip position
232
Describe a lower brachial plexus injury.
may occur when upper limb is suddenly pulled superiorly, injury to C8-T1
233
A lower brachial plexus injury would affect muscles and skin supplied by the ____ nerve with reduced sensation of the ____ side of the arm. This may lead to paralysis of small hand muscle and flexors of the wrist.
ulnar, ulnar
234
A lower brachial plexus may lead to.... or ____ palsy.
claw hand, Klumpke's palsy
235
Thoracic outlet syndrome: pressure on the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus--compresses the nerve and blood vessels leading to...
pain, numbness, tingling weakness, and often edema and discoloration
236
The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery after crossing over.... and ends at the inferior border of the teres major muscle. From there it continues as the ____ artery.
the first rib; brachial
237
The axillary artery has ____ part(s)
three
238
The first part of the axillary artery has ____ branch(es). The second part has ___ branch(es). The third part has ____ branch(es)
1, 2, 3
239
Match each part (first, second, third) of the axillary artery with its corresponding location.
a. lies deep to the pectoralis minor
b. extends from the inferior border of the pectoralis minor to the inferior border of the teres major
c. located between the lateral border of the 1st rib and the superior border of the pectoralis minor
First part-c
Second part-a
Third part- b
240
Name all the branches of each of the parts of the axillary artery.
```
First part-
1. superior thoracic (supreme thoracic)
Second part-
1. thoracoacromial artery
2. lateral thoracic artery
Third part-
1. subscapular artery
2. anterior circumflex humeral
3. posterior circumflex humeral
```
241
True or False: The first part of the axillary artery is enclosed in the axillary sheath with the axillary vein and brachial plexus.
True
242
What areas does the branch the superior thoracic artery supply?
1st and 2nd intercostal spaces and part of serratus anterior
243
The branch the thoracoacromial artery has ___ more branches. Name them.
four; acromial, deltoid, pectoral, clavicular
244
The largest branch, the subscapular artery divides into the ___ ____ artery and the ______ artery.
circumflex scapular artery and the thoracodorsal artery
245
The circumflex scapular artery supplied muscles located where?
on the dorsum of the scapula
246
The anterior circumflex humeral artery winds around the.... and sends a branch to supply the shoulder while the posterior circumflex humeral artery passes through the....
surgical head of the humerus;
| quadrangular space
247
_____ _____ describes branches of the circumlfex scapular artery anastomosing (joining together) with the suprascapular artery and a deep branch of the transverse cervical artery to provide ____ _____ for part of the subclavian artery and the 1st and 2nd parts of the axillary artery.
Collateral circulation, collateral circulation
248
Ligation of the axillary artery distal to the subscapular artery cuts off blood supply to where?
the arm
249
The axillary vein is the union of the ___ vein and ____ vein
brachial and basilic
250
Where does the axillary vein begin and end?
begins-the inferior border of the the teres major
| ends- the lateral border of the first rib where is becomes the subclavian vein
251
The tributaries of the axillary vein correspond the branches of the...
axillary artery
252
What vein joins the axillary vein superior to the pectoralis minor?
cephalic vein
253
There are ____ groups of axillary lymph nodes. Name them
Five
1. pectoral
2. humeral (lateral)
3. subscapular
4. central
5. apical
254
Match the lymph nodes (pectoral, humeral, subscapular, central, and apical) with their corresponding description.
a. recieves lymph from pectoral, humeral, and subscapular groups
b. recieves lymph from ALL other axillary lymph nodes
c. receives lymph from the anterior thoracic wall including the breasts
d. receives lypmh from the posterior thoracic wall and scapular region
e. recieves lymph from most of the upper extremity
```
pectoral-c
humeral-e
subscapular-d
central-a
apical-b
```
255
The ____ lymph node group lies along inferior border of pec minor
pectoral
256
The ____ lymph node group is located along the lateral wall of the axilla.
humeral (lateral)
257
The ____ lymph node group lies along the posterior axillary fold.
subscapular, located on anterior surface of subscapualris muscle
