Exam 2-Part 2 Flashcards
1
Q
List the bones of the arm.
A
humerus
2
Q
List the bones of the forearm.
A
radius and ulna
3
Q
The radius is located on the same side as the ____ of your hand while the ulna is located on the same side as your ____ ____ of your hand.
A
thumb, little finger
4
Q
The ulna is _____ than the radius.
A
longer
5
Q
The radius projects further _____ than the ulna.
A
distally/inferiorly
6
Q
The radial tuberosity is an attachment point for the….
A
biceps tendon
7
Q
The ulnar notch is located on the ____ on the medial aspect of its distal end.
A
radius
8
Q
The styloid process of the radius is located of the ____ aspect of its distal end.
A
lateral
9
Q
The dorsal tubercle of the radius is located on on its posterior aspect on its ____ end.
A
distal
10
Q
During flexion, the coronoid process moves into the… of the humerus.
A
coronoid fossa
11
Q
The trochlear notch is located on the ____ side of the ulna.
A
anterior
12
Q
The radial notch of the ulna is located of the lateral side of the….. and articulates with what?
A
coronoid process, head of the radius
13
Q
The ulnar tuberosity is on the distal end of the coronoid process and acts as the attachment point for what muscle?
A
brachialis
14
Q
The supinator crest and supinator fossa are anatomical landmarks on what bone?
A
ulna
15
Q
The radius and ulna are _____ in anatomical position.
A
parallel
16
Q
What joins the radius and ulna?
A
interosseous membrane
17
Q
The interosseous membrane is an example of a _____ which is a type of ____ joint.
A
syndesmosis, fibrous
18
Q
The fibers of the interosseous membrane are oriented ______.
A
inferomedially
19
Q
The interosseous membrane provides strength and stability and allows forces to be transferred from the ____ to the ____.
A
radius to ulna
20
Q
The ulna is firmly attached to the _____ while the radius is in closer contact with the _____ bone(s).
A
humerus; carpal (wrist)
21
Q
A transverse fracture of the distal end of the radius (often comminuted broken into pieces) is known as a _____ fracture
A
Colles
22
Q
A Colles fracture often happens due to….. and is common in osteoporotic women.
A
falling with an outstretched arm
23
Q
The arm is enclosed in ____ fascia which is continues with the pectoral and axillary fascia and also deep fascia of the forearm.
A
brachial
24
Q
The medial and lateral intermuscular septa attach to…… and divide the arm into ____ and _____ compartments.
A
the medial and lateral supracondylar ridges of the humerus;
anterior (flexor) and posterior (extensor) compartments
25
What muscles are contained in the anterior fascial compartment of the arm and what nerve innervates these muscles?
biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachilis;
| musculocutaneous nerve
26
What muscle is the "uncorking" muscle?
biceps brachii
27
The biceps brachii has ____ head(s)
two, long and short
28
The tendon of the long head of the biceps is within the the capsule of the shoulder joint in the ____ _____ covered by the ____ _____ ligament.
intertubercular groove, transverse humeral ligament
29
True or False: The bicipital aponeurosis is a broad flat tendon.
True
30
What are the functions of the biceps?
supinate and flex the forearm, assist in shoulder flexion
31
The brachialis is located ____ to the biceps.
deep
32
Which muscle is the prime mover for flexion of the forearm (at elbow)?
brachialis, in all positions
33
What nerve pieces the coracobrachialis?
musculocutaneous
34
What muscles are located in the posterior fascial compartment of the arm and what nerve innervates these muscles?
triceps brachiii and anconeus;
| radial nerve
35
The triceps has ___ head(s).
three (long, lateral, and medial)
36
The antagonist of the triceps brachii would be the ____ muscle.
brachialis
37
The olecranon bursa is located between....
triceps tendon and olecranon
38
The triceps is the main ____ of the arm.
extensor
39
The anconeus is located of the ____ part of the posterior elbow.
lateral
40
True or False. The anconeus usual blend with the triceps and therefore is often considered part of its medial head.
True
41
What are the "three musketeers" muscles?
biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis
42
The main artery of the arm is the ____ artery.
brachial
43
The brachial artery is a continuation of the ____ artery and at what point does it change and become the brachial artery.
axillary; begins at inferior border of the teres major
44
What protects the brachial artery?
The bicipital aponeurosis in the bicipital fossa
45
The brachial artery further divides into ____ and ____ arteries, which are usually located opposite the neck of the radius and are also covered by the bicipital aponeurosis.
radial and ulnar
46
Name three branched of the brachial artery.
Profunda brachii artery (deep brachial)
Superior ulnar collateral artery
Inferior ulnar collateral artery
47
What is the largest branch of the brachial artery?
Profunda brachii artery (deep brachial)
48
The deep brachial artery (profunda brachii) accompanies. the...
radial nerve in the radial groove
49
The superior ulnar collateral artery arises....and the inferior ulnar collateral artery arises...
S-arises near the middle of the arm
| I- arises just proximal to the elbow crease
50
The....artery accompanies the ulnar nerve posterior to the medial epicondyle
superior ulnar collateral artery
51
The superior ulnar collateral artery anastomoses with the..... and.....
posterior ulnar recurrent (branch of the ulnar artery) and the inferior ulnar collateral
52
The inferior ulnar collateral artery passes _____ to the medial epicondyle
anterior
53
The inferior ulnar collateral artery is important for ____ _____
collateral circulation
54
There is/are ____ deep brachial vein(s) that travel(s) with the brachial artery (venae comitantes)
two
55
The deep veins of the arm begin at the elbow by union of the ___ ___ of the radial and ulnar arteries and merge with the _____ vein to form the axillary vein
venae comitantes; basilic
56
The superficial veins of the arm include....(3 veins)
cephalic vein, basilic vein, and median cubital vein
57
The cephalic vein is located along the anterolateral surface of the ___ and empties into the ____ vein.
biceps, axillary
58
The basilic vein is located of the ____ side of the inferior part of the arm and becomes the ____ vein
medial, axillary
59
The median cubital vein is located on in the ___ ____ anterior to the bicipital apopneurosis.
cubital fossa
60
The median cubital vein acts as communication between what two veins?
basilic and cephalic
61
Which superficial vein of the arm is often used to draw blood?
median cubital vein
62
Cutaneous nerves of the arm include...(6 nerves)
supraclavicular nerves (C3, C4)
intercostobrachial nerve (T2-second intercostal nerve)
medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
upper lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm
63
Which cutaneous nerve of the arm is often associated with pain in the arm before an individual would experience a heart attack?
intercostobrachial nerve (T2-second intercostal nerve)
64
The median nerve has ___ branch(es) in the axilla and arm.
none, zero, nada
65
The median nerves runs with the _____ artery
brachial
66
What does the median nerve supply?
supplies all but 1 and 1/2 flexor muscles in the forearm (exception: flexor carpi ulnaris and 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus)
67
The ulnar nerve arrises from the ____ cord and has ____ branch(es) in the arm.
medial;
| none, zilch
68
What corresponds to someone's crazy/funny bone?
The ulnar nerve traveling along the medial epicondyle of the humerus
69
True or False: The ulnar nerves travels along the lateral side of the brachial artery.
False, it travels along the medial side of the brachial artery
70
At the middle of the arm the ulnar nerve pierces the medial intermuscular septum and descends between it and....
the medial head of the triceps
71
The musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord and begins opposite what muscle?
pec major
72
The musculocutaneous nerve becomes the.... and supplies the skin of the forearm.
The lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
73
The radial nerve is a direct continuation of the....
posterior cord
74
The radial nerve passes the __ ___ artery around the humerus in the radial groove.
deep brachial
75
The radial nerve divides into deep and superficial branches at the ____ ____.
lateral epicondyle
76
The ____ _____ is a triangular, hollow area on the anterior surface of the elbow.
cubital fossa
77
What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?
superior- imaginary line between lateral and medial epicondyles
medial-pronator teres
lateral- brachiradialis
floor- brachialis and supinator
roof-deep fascia-covered by superficial fascia and skin
78
What are the contents of the cubital fossa?
T- biceps tendon
A- brachial artery
N- median nerve
brachial veins
79
What are the muscles in the cubital fossa?
supinator, brachioradialis, and pronator teres
80
The sternoclavicular joint is the only bony articulation between what?
the upper extremity and axial skeleton
81
True or False: The sternoclavicular joint is a very weak articulation and is often dislocated.
False. It is a very strong articulation and rarely dislocated
82
The sternoclavicular joint is considered a ____ type of ____ joint and moves with movement of the scapula/clavicle.
saddle, synovial
83
The medial end of the clavicle articulates in a shallow socket formed by the ____ and...
manubrium, first costal cartilage
84
The articular disc prevents ____ displacement and divides the joint into 2 synovial cavities.
medial
85
The upper portion of the articular disc is attached to the ____ and the lower portion is attached to the ____ and ____
clavicle;
| sternum and 1st rib-costal cartilage
86
The articular capsule of the sternoclavicular joint has 4 ligaments. name them.
```
anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments (intrinsic)
interclavicular ligament (extrinsic)
costoclavicular (extrinsic)
```
87
What is the blood supply for the sternoclavicular joint?
branches of the internal thoracic artery and suprascapular artery
88
The innervation of the sternoclavicular joint is....
the branches of the medial supraclavicular nerve and nerve to the subclavius
89
The acromioclavicular joint is a ___ type of ____ joint.
plane, synovial
90
As the scapula is moved anteriorly and posteriorly, the acromion rotates on the clavicle and moves ____ and ____
anteriorly and posteriorly
91
The lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the medial end of the ____
acromion
92
Describe the articular disc of the acromioclavicular joint.
variable in size, sometimes described as meniscoid shape
93
Give an example of a pivot joint.
Atlantoaxial joint
94
What is Hiltons Law?
The principle that the nerve supplying a joint also supplies both the muscles that move the joint and the skin covering the articular insertion of those muscles
95
The articular capsule of the acromioclavicular joint has ____ and ____ ____ ligaments and the _____ligament
superior and inferior acromioclavicular;
| coracoclavicular
96
The coracoclavicular is made up of the _____ ligament and _____ ligament
trapezoid and conoid
97
The coracoclavicular ligament is an ______ ligament that is strong and important for stability.
extrinsic
98
The blood supply to the AC joint is....
branched of the suprascapular and thoracoacromial arteries
99
The innervation of the AC joint is the....
supraclavicular, lateral pectoral and axillary nerves
100
The shoulder joint is also called the _____ joint
glenohumeral
101
The shoulder joint is a ____ type joint that permits flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and rotation and circumduction.
ball and socket
102
The stability of the shoulder is primarily due to...
muscles
103
The ___ ____ is the superior portion of the shoulder joint that blends with the tendon of the long head of the biceps
glenoid labrum
104
The _____ portion of the articular capsule of the shoulder joint is the weakest.
inferior
105
The capsule of the shoulder joint ____ with abduction
tightens
106
There are 2 openings of the articular capsule of the shoulder joint. What are the openings for?
tendon of the long head of the biceps and communication with the subscapular bursa
107
The intrinsic ligaments of the shoulder joint are_____ of the fibrous capsule but do not provide much support.
thickenings
108
The glenohumeral ligaments include superior, middle, and inferior parts and are thickenings of the _____ capsule running from the supraglenoid tubercle to the lesser tubercle and anatomical neck of the humerus.
anterior
109
The ____ ____ is an extra amount of fibrous capsule
axillary pouch
110
The most common dislocation of the glenohumeral joint occurs in what direction?
anteriorly
111
The transverse humeral ligament passes from the ___ to the ____ ____
greater to lesser tubercles
112
The.....forms a canal for the synovial sheath and tendon of the long head of the biceps
transverse humeral ligament
113
The coracohumeral ligament strengthens the superior capsule and passes from the...to the....
coracoid process to the greater tubercle of the humerus
114
The extrinsic ligaments of the shoulder joint include...
the coracoacromial arch and coracoacromial ligament
115
The coracoacromial arch is formed by...
the coracoid process, coracoacromial ligament and acromion
116
The coracoacromial arch prevents ____ displacement of the humerus
superior
117
Stability of the shoulder joint is maintained by what in each of the following directions: superior, posterior and anterior
superior- supraspinatus and coracoacromial arch
posterior- infraspinatus and teres minor
anterior- subscapularis
118
What is a bursa?
a fluid filled sac of synovial fluid
119
Name some examples of bursa in and around the shoulder joint.
subscapular bursa, subacromial/subdeltoid bursa
120
Blood supply of the shoulder joint is....
branches of the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries and the suprascapular artery
121
The innervation of the shoulder joint is...
branches of the suprascapular, axillary, and lateral pectoral nerves
122
How many carpal bones are there?
eight
123
How many rows of carpal bones are there?
two, arranged into a proximal and distal row
124
Name the proximal row of carpal bones from lateral to medial.
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
125
Name the distal row of carpal bones from lateral to medial.
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
126
What is another name for the scaphoid?
navicular
127
The pisiform is an example of a ____ bone.
sesamoid, found within the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris
128
The hook of hamate projects in what direction?
anteriorly
129
Which is the largest carpal bone?
scaphoid
130
The ___ ____ is converted into the carpal tunnel by the flexor reticnaculum.
carpal groove
131
The flexor retinaculum is attached to which carpal bones laterally (2) and which carpal bones medially(2)?
laterally: scaphoid and trapezium
medially: pisiform and hook of hamate
132
There are ____ metacarpal bones.
five
133
The heads of the metacarpals are at the distal end and articulate with....
phalanges
134
On the dorsal side of the heads of the metacarpals, there is a tubercle on each side for the attachment of....
collateral ligaments and joint capsules
135
Name the three joints of the metacarpal bones.
carpometacarpal (CMC), metacarpophalangeal (MCP), and intermetacarpal joints
136
The thumb has ____ phalanges while each finger has ____
2,3
137
True or False. There are proximal, middle, and distal phalanges on each of the four fingers.
True
138
The base of the phalanges is the ____ end, the shaft is the middle, and the head is the ____ end
proximal, distal
139
PIP stands for..., and DIP stands for...
proximal interphalangeal joint, distal interphalangeal joint
140
What is the common flexor attachment of the forearm?
medial epicondyle of the humerus
141
The anterior forearm muscles have ____ layers.
3
142
The anterior forearm muscles are the ___-____ group.
flexor-pronator
143
All flexor tendons are located on the _____ surface of the wrist.
anterior
144
Name the muscles of the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm.
pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longes, flexor carpi ulnaris
145
The _____ artery is just lateral to the long tendon of the flexor carpi radialis.
radial
146
The flexor carpi radialis is ____ to the pronator teres.
medial
147
The tendon of the palmaris longus is (superficial or deep?) to the flexor retinaculum.
superficial
148
The median nerve passes ____ to the tendon of the palmaris longus
lateral
149
The ___ ____ is often an absent muscle.
palmaris longus (about 14%)
150
What muscle of the superficial flexors is the most medial?
flexor carpi ulnaris
151
The _____ nerve passes between the two proximal heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris in the forearm.
ulnar
152
Both the ulnar nerve and artery are ____ to the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris at the wrist.
lateral
153
Name the muscle(s) of the intermediate layer of the anterior forearm.
flexor digitorum superficialis
154
The ulnar and median nerves and ulnar artery pass ____ between the two heads of the flexor digitorum superficialis.
deeply
155
The ____ tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis pass deep to the flexor retinaculum.
four
156
The tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis split in order to do what?
transmit the tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus
157
The ____ nerve is located on the deep surface of the flexor digitorum superficialis.
median
158
The deep layer of the anterior forearm muscles is not attached to the humerus. Where do they attach?
radius or ulna
159
Name the deep layer muscles of the anterior forearm.
flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus
160
Which muscle is the only muscle capable of flexing the distal interphalangeal joints (DIP)?
flexor digitorum profundus
161
The flexor digitorum profundus travels in a fibrous sheath with tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis and has ___ parts with ____ tendons.
4,4
162
The....muscle covers the anterior aspect of the ulna while the....muscle covers the anterior aspect of the radius.
flexor digitorum profundus,
| flexor pollicis longus
163
What is the deepest muscle of the anterior forearm?
pronator quadratus
164
What muscle is the prime mover in pronation?
pronator quadratus
165
The muscles of the anterior forearm can be organized into three functional groups. Name the three functional groups.
1. pronators
2. flex the hand
3. flex the digits
166
Name the muscles in the anterior forearm responsible for pronation.
pronator teres and pronator quadratus
167
Name the muscles in the anterior forearm responsible for flexion of the hand.
flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus
168
Name the muscles in the anterior forearm responsible for flexion of the digits.
flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus
169
Name the cutaneous nerves of the anterior forearm.
medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm, lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm, posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm
170
The lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm is the termination of the ____ nerve.
musculocutaneous
171
Which nerve is the principal nerve of the anterior fascial compartment?
median nerve
172
The median nerve enters the forearm with the ____ artery
brachial
173
The median nerve enters the hand through the carpal tunnel between the tendon of the.... and the tendon of the...
flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor carpi radialis
174
The median nerve has branches in the forearm. In particular the ___ ____ branch travels with a branch of the ulnar artery with the same name to innervate the deep muscles.
anteriro interosseous
175
The ulnar nerve enters the forearm by passing between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris through a space called the....
canal of Guyon
176
The ulnar nerve becomes superficial in the ___ end of the forearm.
distal
177
The ulnar nerve has _____ and ______ branches in the forearm.
muscular and articular
178
The radial nerves divides into superficial and deep branches in the cubital fossa between what two muscles?
brachialis and bracioradialis
179
The superficial branch of the radial nerve is ____ while the deep branch is _____.
cutaneous, motor
180
The superficial branch of the radial nerve becomes cutaneous at the ____ ____ aspect of the forearm.
distal lateral
181
The deep branch of the radial nerve pierces the ____ muscle and is then found in the extensor forearm.
supinator
182
The brachial artery ends opposite the.....by dividing into the radial and ulnar arteries
neck of the radius
183
Which of the two branches of the brachial artery is larger?
ulnar
184
The ____ ____ artery participates in arterial anastomosis around the elbow
radial recurrent
185
The radial nerve supplies muscles on the _____ forearm.
lateral
186
How does the radial artery leave the forearm?
by winding around the lateral aspect of the radius--crosses the floor of the anatomical snuffbox
187
The radial artery passes between the two heads of the adductor pollicis and ends by completing the.... in conjunction with the ulnar artery.
deep palmar arterial arch
188
Accompanied by the median nerve, the ____ artery passes between the ulnar and radial heads of the flexor digitorum superficialis
ulnar
189
The ulnar artery passes ____ to the flexor retinaculum.
superficial
190
The ulnar artery supplies muscles...
in the forearm and hand-primarily the pronator/flexor group
191
The ulnar artery continues across the palm as the....
superficial palmar arterial arch
192
Name the branches of the ulnar artery.
Anterior ulnar recurrent, posterior ulnar recurrent, and common interosseous artery
193
The common interosseous artery has both ____ and ____ parts.
anterior and posterior
194
The elbow joint is a ____ joint.
hinge
195
At the elbow joint the trochlea and capitulum of the humerus articulate with the....and....respectively.
trochlear notch of the ulna and head of the radius
196
The capsule of the elbow joint is (weaker or stronger?) anteriorly and posteriorly.
weaker
197
The capsule of the elbow joint is strengthened by _____ ligaments.
collateral
198
At the elbow joint the radial (lateral) collateral ligament resists ____ force and the ulnar (medial) collateral ligament resists ____ stress.
varus;
| valgus
199
The radial collateral ligament is attached from ___ ___ to ____ ____
lateral epicondyle to annular ligament
200
The ulnar collateral ligament has ____ parts.
3, anterior, transverse, and posterior
201
For the ulnar collateral ligament, the anterior part is attached from ____ ____ to ____ ____.
the posterior part is attached from ______ _____ to ____ ___
The transverse part is not as distinct as the anterior part.
anterior: medial epicondyle to coronoid process
posterior: medial epicondyle to coronoid process
202
Which ligament encircles the head of the radius?
annular ligament
203
For blood suuply of the elbow joint, there is _____ around the elbow.
anastomosis
204
The innervation of the elbow joint is.......
musculocutaneous, ulnar, and radial nerves
205
Name the bursae of the elbow joint.
Olecranon bursua (intratendinous, subtendinous, subcutaneous)
206
What is the carrying angle?
decribes the 15 degrees of valgus angulation between the longitudinal axis of the humerus and the longitudinal axis of the ulna.
207
True to False: The carrying angle is typically larger in men.
False, typically larger in women,
208
The radioulnar joints are ____ types of synovial joints that allow for what two actions?
pivot, supination and pronation
209
For the proximal radioulnar joint, the head of the radius is held in position by the strong ____ ligament, a -shaped ligament attached to the anterior and posterior margins of the radial notch.
annular
210
The _____ ligament extends between the radial notch of the ulna and the medial surface of the neck of the radius
Quadrate
211
The quadrate ligament covers the synovial membrane, which probably helps ___ it.
support
212
The ____ ____ is a extra loose sac of synovial membrane around the neck of the radius. What is its purpose?
sacciform recess; accommodates the twisting that occurs with rotation of the head of the radius
213
The proximal radioulnar joint is innervated by what nerves?
mainly musculocutaneous, median, and radial nerves
214
What is nursemaid's elbow?
The dislocation of the radial head, strong pull is applied to the forearm, causes the distal attachment of the annular ligament to be torn and the radial head dislocates
215
What is the proximal radioulnar joint?
The radial head articulates with the radial notch of the ulna
216
What is the distal radioulnar joint?
the rounded side of the head of the ulna articulates with the ulnar notch in the distal end of the radius
217
The distal radioulnar joint gets its blood supply from...
the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries
218
The distal radioulnar joint is innervated by...
branches of the median (anterior interosseous nerve) and radial (posterior interosseous nerve) nerves
219
During supination and pronation, the ___ ___ rotates within the ring formed by the annular ligament and the radial notch of the ulna. Distally, the end of the radius rotates around the...
radial head, head of the ulna
220
The wrist or radiocarpal joint is a ____ type of joint
condyloid
221
The distal end if the radius and the articular disc if the distal radioulnar joint articulate with the _____ row of carpal bones, with the exception of the pisiform bone.
proximal
222
Name the ligaments of the wrist joint.
1. palmar radiocarpal ligaments
2. palmar ulnocarpal ligaments
3. dorsal radiocarpal ligaments
4. ulnar collateral ligament
5. radial collateral ligament
223
The blood supply of the wrist joint is...
branches of the dorsal and palmar carpal arches
224
Innervation of the wrist joint is...
median, radial, and ulnar nerves
225
Intercarpal joints are ____ synovial joints.
plane
226
____ or ____ plates are connected by the deep transverse metacarpal ligament
volar or palmar
227
The thick skin of the palm has numerous ___ ___.
sweat glands
228
The deep fascia of the palm is continuous with the _____ fascia and fascia on the _____ of the hand.
forearm, dorsum
229
The ___ ____ is a strong, thick, well define triangular portion of the deep fascia of the palm that continues proximally with the flexor retinaculum and palmaris longus muscle
palmar aponeurosis
230
The hypothenar compartment is on the ____ side and the thenar compartment is on the ____ side
medial, lateral
231
What is contained in the central fascial compartment of the palm?
flexor tendons and their sheaths, superficial palmar arch, and branches of the median and ulnar nerves
232
What is the deepest muscular plane in the palm and what muscles does it contain?
adductor compartment, adductor pollicis muscle
233
Why are the potential spaces of the palm important clinically?
Because they may become infected
234
The thenar muscles are supplied by...
the recurrent branch of the median nerve
235
Name the thenar muscles
abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis
236
What is the most important movement of the thumb?
opposition
237
What is the chief responsibility for the thenar muscles?
opposition of the thumb
238
The adductor pollicis has 2 heads. Name them.
Transverse and oblique
239
What artery passes through the gap between the two heads of the adductor pollicis?
radial
240
Name the hypothenar muscles.
abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi
241
The hypothenar muscles are innervated by...
deep branch of the ulnar nerve
242
The short muscles of the hand include...
4 lumbricals, 4 dorsal interossei, and 3 palmar interossei
243
The palmar interossei are responsible for _____ of the fingers while the dorsal interossei are responsible for ____ of the fingers.
adduction (PAD), abduction (DAB)
244
Lumbricals 1 & 2 (more lateral) are _______ muscles while lumbricals 3 & 4 (more medial) are ______ muscles.
unipennate, bipennate
245
Lumbricals 1 & 2 are supplied by the ___ nerve while Lumbricals 3 & 4 are supplied by the ____ nerve
median, ulnar
246
Extrinsic muscles of the hand on the palmar side include
tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus, flexor pollicis longus
247
Bowstringing is prevented by 2 tendons in each fibrous digital sheath are by the annular and cruciform parts. These are called _____ _____ tunnels
Osseofibrous digital tunnels
248
Tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus enter a common synovial sheath ____ to the flexor retinaculum.
deep
249
The tendon of the flexor digitorum superificialis _____ in order to let the tendon of the profundus pass through.
splits in the fingers
250
The flexor pollicis longus travels in its own synovial sheath and enters the osseofibrous tunnel in the thumb--at the metacarpal head, the tendon runs between what?
2 sesamoid bones
251
The median nerves enters the palm of the hand through the....
carpal tunnel
252
Name the branches of the median nerve in the hand.
palmar cutaneous branch, recurrent branch of the median nerve (Lizanne's fav), muscular branches to 1st and 2nd lumbricals, common palmar digital nerves --> proper palmar digital nerves
253
True or False: The ulnar nerve has articular branches to wrist joints, intercarpal, carpometacarpal, and intermetacarpal joints.
True
254
What branch of the ulnar nerve supplies skin on the medial palm?
palmar cutaneous branch
255
True or False: The ulnar nerve has a deep and superficial branch, palmar cutaneous branch and dorsal cutaneous branch.
True
256
The radial artery leaves the forearm by winding around the lateral aspect of the radius- crossing the floor of the _____ _____
anatomical snuffbox
257
The radial artery ends by completing the...... in conjunction with the ulnar artery
deep palmar arterial arch
258
The ulnar artery continues across the palm as the....
superficial palmar arterial arch
259
Branches of the ulnar artery in the hand include...
common plantar digital arteries, which split into proper palmar digital arteries
260
What is the common extension attachment of the forearm?
lateral epicondyle of the humerus
261
What is the purpose of the extensor retinaculum?
to prevent bowstringing; not as thick or heavy as flexor retinaculum
262
What muscles is sometimes known as the separation between the flexor and extensor forearm?
brachoradialis
263
What muscles are contained in the anatomical snuffbox?
abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus
264
The muscles in the anatomical snuffbox are often referred to as...
outcropping muscles
265
The ____ and _____ bones lie in the floor of the anatomical snuffbox, while the ___ artery crosses it.
schaphoid and trapezium; radial
266
The tendons of the extensor digitorum broaden to form...
the dorsal extensor expansion/hood
267
For the extension expansion, on the proximal phalanx, the tendon divides into 3 slips. The middle slip inserts.... and the other two slips join on the dorsal surface of the middle phalanx and insert....
on the base of the middle phalanx;
| on the base of the distal phalanx
268
The two slips that join together are joined at there insertion by the tendons of what other two muscles?
lumbricals and interossei
269
True or False: The radial nerve has innervations to muscles in the hand.
False, it does not
270
The posterior interosseous artery arises from the... , helps supply the posterior forearm and dorsum of hand, and terminates by anastomosing with the termination of the anterior interosseous artery and the dorsal carpal arch.
common interosseus artery of the ulnar artery
271
What is the Arcade of Frohse?
The area where the deep radial nerve hits the supinator--> it is a common site for entrapment
