Exam #5 Flashcards by Amber Barnhart

Body mass index (BMI) is

a standard used to calculate a person’s body fat percentage

based on a relationship between a person’s weight and height

gradually being replaced by more reliable height/weight tables

used to estimate direct calorimetry

based on a relationship between a person’s weight and height

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Visceral fat is

in cell membranes.

between muscle fibers and tendons

in the omentum

between the skin and skeletal muscles

in the omentum

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Ben’s waist circumference measures 42 inches. Based on this information, he has a higher than average risk of ____.

skin cancer

heart disease

migraine headaches

type 1 diabetes

heart disease

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____ relies on the principle that lean tissue is denser than water.

Bioelectrical impedance

Underwater weighing

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

Direct calorimetry

Underwater weighing

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A healthy percentage of body fat for women is _______ %.

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Which of the following medications can be prescribed to treat obesity?

Allopurinol

Atorvastatin

Contrave

Ascorbate

Contrave

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Basal metabolism includes energy needs for

breathing and circulating blood

performing physical activity

digesting food

absorbing nutrients.

breathing and circulating blood

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Which of the following statements is true?

Women generally have higher metabolic rates than men

Thyroid hormone influences BMR

A person who has more muscle mass will have a lower BMR than someone with less muscle tissue.

When a person has a fever, his or her BMR drops below normal.

Thyroid hormone influences BMR

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Negative energy balance occurs when

the thermic effect of food equals NEAT

fat storage in the body increases

energy intake is higher than energy output

the body needs more calories than the diet supplies

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____ is a hormone produced by fat tissue that reduces hunger.

Pepsin

Leptin

Ghrelin

Cholecystokinin

Leptin

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Members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to

eat meals regularly, including breakfast

follow low-carbohydrate/high-protein diets

exercise 2 to 3 times per week.

spend about 3 hours/day watching television.

eat meals regularly, including breakfast

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Fat cells secrete

adiponectin

insulin

cholecystokinin

ghrelin

adiponectin

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Peptide YY signals the

kidneys to decrease fatty acid synthesis

thyroid gland to increase the metabolic rate

brain to increase glucose catabolism

stomach to reduce ghrelin secretion.

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Leona’s BMI is 18.2. According to this information, Leona’s body weight is in the ____ range.

underweight

overweight

healthy

obese

underweight

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Which of the following statements is true?

At the present time, there is no direct way to measure a person’s metabolic rate.

A person’s total daily energy output is the sum of calories used for metabolism and physical activity in a 24-hour period.

A calorimetric chamber is used to measure a person’s metabolic rate.

Most people use more energy for NEAT than for resting metabolism.

A calorimetric chamber is used to measure a person’s metabolic rate.

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A severe psychological disturbance characterized by self-imposed starvation

Anorexia nervosa

Bulimia nervosa

binge eating

Anorexia nervosa

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Which of the following is a sign of anorexia nervosa?

lanugo

BMI of 26

hypertension

lanugo

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Someone who is obese or overweight can have an eating disorder.

True

False

True

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Young men are more likely to develop an eating disorder than young women.

True

False

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Which of the following conditions primarily affects men?

Muscle dysmorphia

night eating syndrome

Bulimia nervosa

Binge-eating disorder

Muscle dysmorphia

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Joseph’s BMI is 23. When he is under a lot of stress, he eats a large amount of empty-calorie foods. Soon after eating these foods, he goes to a bathroom and makes himself vomit. Based on this information, Joseph probably has

diabulimia

anorexia nervosa.

binge-eating disorder.

bulimia nervosa

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Which of the following conditions is not an eating disorder that physicians can diagnose using criteria that are in the DSM-5?

Diabulimia

Anorexia nervosa

Binge-eating disorder

Bulimia nervosa

Diabulimia

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People who have anorexia nervosa typically

have a distorted body image.

consume most of their calories during the overnight hours.

have BMIs between 18.5 and 20.0.

consume foods that they think are healthy

have a distorted body image.

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Which of the following behaviors is an example of a purging activity that is often used by people with bulimia nervosa to avoid weight gain?

Avoiding “white” foods, such as white sugar and flour

Abusing laxatives

Eating only organic foods

Sleeping for fewer than 6 hours per night

Abusing laxatives

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Having ____ is a sign of anorexia nervosa. a BMI of 19.4 hypertension lanugo an increased metabolic rate

lanugo

A person with ____ is more likely to die from the condition than from any other psychological disturbance. orthorexia nervosa binge-eating disorder obsessive compulsive disorder anorexia nervosa

anorexia nervosa`

A major approach for treating binge-eating disorder is antipsychotic medication. electroshock treatment. cognitive behavioral therapy. bariatric surgery

cognitive behavioral therapy.

Bright light therapy may be used to treat female athlete triad muscle dysmorphia anorexia nervosa night eating syndrome

night eating syndrome

Which of the following medications has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat bulimia nervosa? Percodan Allopurinol Simvastatin Fluoxetine

Fluoxetine

Fiona is very health conscious. She limits her diet to foods that she describes are “clean” or “pure.” She will not eat red meat, sugar, flour, and milk because she believes they are not clean. Based on this information, Fiona probably has binge-eating disorder orthorexia nervosa muscle dysmorphia. anorexia nervosa

orthorexia nervosa

Although Jemma’s BMI is in the healthy range, she thinks her hips and thighs are too fat. She does not binge eat, but she often uses self-induced vomiting after eating to maintain her weight. Based on this information, Jemma probably has anorexia nervosa. diabulimia orthorexia nervosa. purging disorder

purging disorder

Jason lifts weights for at least 3 hours every other day. His shoulder and upper arm muscles are so large, he has difficulty raising his arms to comb his hair. Despite his muscular body build, Jason thinks he needs to increase the size of his muscles even more. Based on this information, Jason probably has bulimia nervosa orthorexia nervosa muscle dysmorphia binge-eating disorder

muscle dysmorphia

Which of the following characteristics is a sign of night eating syndrome? Hyperactivity in the early evening Lack of appetite in the morning Purging immediately after bingeing Inability to digest simple carbohydrates after midnight

Lack of appetite in the morning

Kayla has type 1 diabetes, but she frequently skips giving herself insulin because she does not want to gain weight. Based on this information, Kayla probably has anorexia nervosa diabulimia hyperinsulinemia muscle dysmorphia

diabulimia

Miranda is physically fit. She has an increased risk of osteoporosis the strength, endurance, and flexibility to meet the demands of daily living. a greater need for vitamins and minerals than other women. the endurance to run an ultramarathon

the strength, endurance, and flexibility to meet the demands of daily living.

A ____ physical activity generally requires a high degree of exertion. vigorous basic moderate precise

vigorous

Which of the following statements is true? Resistance exercises do not help build bone mass. Sedentary activities do not require much energy to perform. Anaerobic energy systems need large quantities of oxygen to produce ATP Contracting muscles rely primarily on protein for energy.

Sedentary activities do not require much energy to perform.

What is the target heart rate zone for a 40-year-old male who wants to engage in moderate-intensity physical activity? 72 to 104 bpm 88 to 116 bpm 90 to 126 bpm 104 to 134 bpm

90 to 126 bpm

Tom is on his college’s track team. While he competes in the 200-meter hurdles, his muscles use primarily ____ for energy. fat carbohydrates protein vitamins

carbohydrates

The energy system most active in high-intensity activities lasting for a few seconds is the ____ energy system. PCr-ATP oxygen lactic acid gluconeogenesis

PCr-ATP

Carbohydrate loading provides a competitive edge for award-winning sprinters, body builders, and weight lifters involves manipulating dietary patterns and physical activities prior to an endurance event. often results in short-term weight loss and positive energy balance is generally recommended for long-term weight control for athletes.

involves manipulating dietary patterns and physical activities prior to an endurance event.

A pre-event meal should be consumed ____ before competing. 5 to 6 hours 1 to 4 hours 7 to 9 hours 30 minutes

1 to 4 hours

Which of the following foods is high carbohydrate and low fat? Whole milk Dried apricots Avocados Cream cheese on a bagel

Dried apricots

According to recommendations, a healthy adult who participates in regular high-intensity interval training should consume ____ of body weight of protein per day. 0.8 g/kg 1.0 to 1.4 g/kg 1.2 to 2.0 g/kg 1.8 to 2.4 g/kg

1.2 to 2.0 g/kg

Drinking at least 6 L of water daily is recommended by the National Academies of Sciences is necessary for healthy persons, even if they are not thirsty. can result in water intoxication improves athletic performance

can result in water intoxication

Sports drinks are the best source of fluid for most athletes. contain a mix of complex carbohydrates provide carbohydrates and electrolytes in addition to water. are calorie-free.

provide carbohydrates and electrolytes in addition to water.

Iron deficiency is most common in which of the following athletes? Male gymnasts Female gymnasts Male short-distance runners Female short-distance runners

Female gymnasts

Which of the following beverages does not contain caffeine? Red Bull Tea Chocolate milk Fruit juice

Fruit juice

Ergogenic aids have been evaluated for safety and effectiveness by the Food and Drug Administration are banned by most sports organizations. are natural substances produced in the body. include caffeine and certain amino acids.

include caffeine and certain amino acids.

Protein is the body's preferred fuel during exercise True False

False

Low-fat chocolate milk is a good postexercise recovery beverage. True False

True

____ are disease-causing microbes. Pathogens Toxins Teratogens Oxidants

Pathogens

The ____ is the primary government agency that oversees the safety of most foods in the United States. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Which of the following foods is considered a potentially hazardous food? Overripe bananas Raisins Raw ground meat Commercially canned tomato soup

Raw ground meat

Food-borne illnesses are usually characterized by flulike signs and symptoms. coughing, sneezing, and respiratory inflammation megaloblastic anemia and nervous system defects. abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and vomiting.

abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and vomiting.

In the United States, common sources of food-borne illness include all of the following, except norovirus Staphylococcus aureus. fungi Salmonella

norovirus

Aflatoxins are responsible for 30% of food-borne illnesses in the United States. harmful compounds produced by certain molds a type of parasitic worm. medications that are effective against viral toxins.

harmful compounds produced by certain molds

Which of the following practices increases the growth of food-borne pathogens? Washing hands before preparing food Keeping cold foods cold and hot foods hot Cooking foods to proper internal temperatures Using the same cutting board to prepare all parts of a meal

Using the same cutting board to prepare all parts of a meal

Which of the following substances are not direct food additives? Color additives Sweeteners Pesticide residues Flavor enhancers

Pesticide residues

Irradiation of food is an untested technology. not recommended because the process increases nutrient losses. widely used in Spain, Russia, and Mexico. a common method of food preservation in the United States

a common method of food preservation in the United States

To reduce the risk of food-borne illness, raw poultry should be cooked to an internal temperature of at least 125°F 145°F 165°F. 185°F

165°F.

____ is the commercial heating process that destroys pathogens in milk and fruit juices. Fermentation Homogenization Detoxification Pasteurization

Pasteurization

Which of the following practices is not a safe food preparation practice? Washing hands thoroughly with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds before handling foods Cutting away mold on block cheeses as long as you can cut away about 1 inch from the mold Selecting wooden cutting boards for raw meats, rather than nonporous materials such as plastic or marble Heating alfalfa sprouts until they are steaming to reduce potential pathogens

Selecting wooden cutting boards for raw meats, rather than nonporous materials such as plastic or marble

Stephanie developed a food-borne illness after eating ice cream made with raw eggs. The pathogen that was most likely contaminating her food was Salmonella. Vibrio vulnificus Giardia. Toxoplasma gondii

Salmonella.

____ is the most reliable method of making water that contains pathogens safe to drink. Detoxification Straining Boiling Carbonation

Boiling

Food additives that are thought to be safe without extensive research are called GRAS. direct food additives indirect food additives color additives

GRAS.

Which of the following groups of individuals is least likely to experience harmful consequences from chronic undernutrition? Infants Pregnant women Older adults Young adults

Young adults

Which of the following health effects is least likely to occur as a result of chronic undernutrition in childhood? Reduced height and weight Increased cognitive abilities Reduced effectiveness of the immune system Increased susceptibility to infectious diseases

Increased cognitive abilities

Which of the following countries has the highest under-5 mortality rate? India Iceland Germany Denmark

India

Lack of ____ in the diet is the leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. vitamin C iron vitamin A zinc

vitamin A

____ deficiency during pregnancy can significantly impair the intelligence level of the developing fetus. Vitamin A Iodine Zinc Vitamin C

Iodine

A family with members who worry each month about having enough money to purchase food, even though their diet quality and quantity is adequate, is most likely experiencing high food security marginal food security. low food security. very low food security.

marginal food security.

Which of the following situations is an example of food security? A family is able to obtain enough food each month through the use of food assistance programs A family is able to purchase enough food for the majority of the month but usually must decrease food intake during the last week. A family must follow a budget but is able to provide enough nutritious food for each member to live a healthy and active life. A family relies on weekly food donations from community charities to obtain enough to eat

A family must follow a budget but is able to provide enough nutritious food for each member to live a healthy and active life.

An example of a GMO is a form of bacteria that does not require oxygen to survive kind of corn that tolerates heat better than other kinds of corn chemically coated variety of pumpkin seeds that grow in compost. type of lettuce that needs water to mature and develop leaves.

kind of corn that tolerates heat better than other kinds of corn

A food ____ is an area in which a large proportion of people who live there experience difficulty accessing nutritious food. wasteland famine shortage desert

desert

Which of the following federal food assistance programs offers monthly financial assistance to low-income participants for purchasing eligible foods? Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program . The Emergency Food Assistance Program Food Distribution Disaster Assistance Commodity Supplemental Food Program

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Which of the following federal food assistance programs offers food assistance to low-income older adults to purchase fresh, locally-grown, unprepared fruits and vegetables. Supplemental Food Assistance Program The Emergency Food Assistance Program Senior Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program Commodity Supplemental Food Program

Senior Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program

Which of the following federal food assistance programs provides low-income children with meals and snacks when school is not in session? Special Milk Program National School Lunch Program Summer Food Service Program School Breakfast Program

Summer Food Service Program

The Healthy Food Financing Initiative distributes food vouchers to older adult Americans who have low incomes and are nutritionally at risk grants money to public and private schools that offer nutrition education classes. provides funding for programs that improve the accessibility of nutritious food in food deserts. prepares financially sound budgets for families in major metropolitan areas that are not food secure.

provides funding for programs that improve the accessibility of nutritious food in food deserts.

A ____ is a nonprofit organization that distributes commodity foods to groups that prepare free or low-cost meals for people who are hungry. food pantry food bank soup kitchen congregate meal center

food bank

Exam #5 Flashcards

(81 cards)