Exam 5 Flashcards
the concept of ___-___ response was known as shell shock, battle fatigue, accident neurosis, or posttraumatic neurosis.
post-trauma
the DSM-IV-TR described trauma that precedes ___ as an
event outside the range of usual human experience
Rape, war, physical attack, torture, or natural/manmade disaster
PTSD
Less than __% of trauma victims will develop PTSD
10
true or false: PTSD is more common in women than in men.
TRUE
Individuals who have difficulties with stress reactions to more “normal” events may be diagnosed with ____ disorder.
adjustment
adjustment disorders are more common in what demographics but can occur at any age
- women
- unmarried persons
- adolescents
Extremely distressing experience that causes severe emotional shock and may have long-lasting psychological effects
Trauma
A reaction to an extreme trauma, which is likely to cause pervasive distress to almost anyone, such as natural or manmade disasters, combat, serious accidents, witnessing the violent death of others, being the victim of torture, terrorism, rape, or other crimes
PTSD
PTSD symptoms may begin within the first __ months after the trauma
May be a delay of several months or even years
3
The full symptom picture of PTSD must be present for more than __ month and cause significant interference with social, occupational, and other areas of functioning
1
similar to PTSD in terms of precipitating traumatic events and symptomatology.
Symptoms are time limited.
Up to 1 month following the trauma
If symptoms last longer than 1 month, the diagnosis is PTSD.
Acute stress disorder (ASD)
Seeks to explain why some individuals exposed to massive trauma develop PTSD while others do not
psychosocial theory
variable of the psychosocial theory include characteristics
1.
2.
3.
- traumatic experience
- the individual
- the recovery environment
specific characteristics have been identified as crucial in the determination of an individual’s long term response to stress
- stress and duration of stressor
- anticipatory grief
- exposure to death
- numbers affected by life threat
- amount of control over recurrence
- location where the trauma was experienced
the traumatic experience
variables that are considered important in determining an individual’s response to trauma include
- degree of ego-strength
- effectiveness of coping resources
- presence of preexisting psychopathology
- outcomes of previous experiences with stress and trauma
- temperament
- current psychosocial developmental stage
- demographics
the individual
the quality of the environment in which the individual attempts to work through the traumatic experience is correlated with the outcome
the recovery environment
Negative reinforcement leads to the reduction in an aversive experience, thereby reinforcing and resulting in repetition of the behavior.
Avoidance behaviors
Psychic numbing
learning theory
these models consider the cognitive appraisal of an event and focus on world assumptions an individual makes about the world
cognitive theory
3 fundamental beliefs that people construct within a personal theory of reality (cognitive theory)
When there is some disequilibrium then we call on these fundamental beliefs to deal with the trauma
The world is benevolent and a source of joy.
The world is meaningful and controllable.
The self is worthy.
Dysfunctions in the ___-pituitary-adrenal axis have been linked to psychiatric illnesses including PTSD, depression, Alzheimer’s disease, and substance.
hypothalamic
studies have shown ___ administered shortly after exposure to a trauma reduced the incidence of PTSD
opioids
____, dopamine, and benzodiazepine receptors are other neurotransmitters believed to be dysregulated in individuals with PTSD.
norepinephrine
describes a philosophical approach that values awareness and understanding of trauma when assessing, planning, and implementing care
trauma-informed care
trauma informed care
___ the widespread impact of trauma and various paths for recovery
___ the signs and symptoms of trauma in clients, families, staff, and all those involved with the system
___ by fully integrating knowledge about trauma in policies, procedures, and practices
___ to actively resist traumatization
realizes
recognizes
responds
seeks