Exam 4 Study Guide of the Eye

Question 1

The range of the visible wavelength is

Answer 1

400-700 nm

Question 2

They can respond to

Answer 2

Varying luminance
sensitivity of form
movement
distance

Question 3

The functions or modalities of an eye include

Answer 3

Sensitivity to minute changes in luminosity
Dark-adapted scotopic vision
Discrimination of form
Discrimination of movement
Color in light-adapted photopic vision

Question 4

The paired eyes can perform

Answer 4

Panoramic vision
Binocular vision
Stereoscopic vision

Question 5

The lateral walls of the two orbits diverge at approximately ___ degrees

Answer 5

90

Question 6

Name the mucous membrane which lines the inner surface of the eyelids

Answer 6

Palpebral conjunctiva

Question 7

Name the fibrous tissues extends from the orbital margin to the eyelids to protect the orbital contents

Answer 7

Orbital septum

Question 8

Name the bones which forms the superior wall or roof of the orbit

Answer 8

Orbital part of the frontal bone

Lesser wing of sphenoid

Question 9

All of the following form the medial wall of the orbit except:

• ethmoid bone
• lacrimal bone
• sphenoid bone
• palatine bone

Answer 9

Palatine bone

Question 10

Name the four bones which form the medial wall of the orbit

Answer 10

Ethmoid, lacrimal, sphenoid, frontal

Question 11

Name the features which is located between the lateral and inferior orbital walls

Answer 11

Inferior orbital fissure

Question 12

The apex of the orbit is in the ___ of ___ bone

Answer 12

Optic canal of sphenoid bone

Question 13

Name the bones which form the base of the orbital margin

Answer 13

Frontal, zygomatic, maxillary

Question 14

The periorbita is continuous with the dura mater through the ___ and ___

Answer 14

Optic canal and superior orbital fissure

Question 15

Name the the transparent structures which is attached to the anterior surface of the eyeball

Answer 15

Bulbar conjunctiva

Question 16

The conjunctival sac is the space bounded by the ___ and ___

Answer 16

Palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva

Question 17

The palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi is in the connective tissue between the ___ and ___

Answer 17

Tarsi and skin of eyelids

Question 18

The tarsal glands are located in the superior and inferior ___

Answer 18

tarsi

Question 19

The ciliary glands are located in the margin of ___

Answer 19

Eyelids

Question 20

Name the enzyme which is bactericidal in the lacrimal fluid

Answer 20

Lysozyme

Question 21

The orbital and palpebral parts of the lacrimal gland are divided by

Answer 21

The tendon of the levator palpebrae superioris

Question 22

Name the entire pathway of the parasympathetic secretomotor nerve from the cranial nucleus to the lacrimal gland

Answer 22

Superior salivatory nucleus, Facial n, Genicular ganglion, Greater petrosal n, Zygomatic n of maxillary, Zygomaticotemporal, Lacrimal n of ophthalmic, Lacrimal gland

Question 23

Name the entire pathway of the sympathetic postsynaptic motor nerve to the lacrimal gland

Answer 23

Superior cervical ganglion, Internal carotid n, Internal carotid plexus, Deep petrosal n, N of the pterygoid canal, Pterygopalatine ganglion, Zygomatic n of maxillary, Zygomaticotemporal, Lacrimal n of ophthalmic, Lacrimal gland

Question 24

Name the structure which conveys the lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal sac to the inferior nasal meatus

Answer 24

Lacrimal ducts

Question 25

The outer fibrous layer of the eyeball consists of ___ and ___

Answer 25

Sclera and cornea

Question 26

Name the structure which covers the anterior one sixth of the eyeball

Answer 26

Cornea

Question 27

The vascular layer of the eyeball is called

Answer 27

Uvea or uveal tract

Question 28

The vascular layer of the eyeball consists of what 3 structures

Answer 28

Choroid, ciliary body, and iris

Question 29

Within the choroid, larger vessels are located internally. true or false

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Name the innermost layer of the choroid

Answer 30

Choricocapillaris

Question 31

The ciliary body is connected anteriorly with ___ and posteriorly with ___

Answer 31

Iris | Choroid

Question 32

The anterior chamber of the eye is the space between the ___ anteriorly and ___ posteriorly

Answer 32

Cornea | Iris and pupil

Question 33

Sympathetic responses to the pupil are faster than the parasympathetic responses. true or false

Answer 33

False

Question 34

Name the single layer of cells that reinforce the light-absorbing property of the choroid in reducing the scattering of light in the eyeball

Answer 34

Pigment cell layer

Question 35

Name 2 features on the fundus of the eyeball

Answer 35

Optic disc and Fovea centralis

Question 36

The optic disc is sensitive to color. true or false

Answer 36

False (insensitive to light)

Question 37

Name the feature that is specialized for acuity of vision

Answer 37

Fovea centralis of macula lutea

Question 38

The functional optic part of the retina terminates anteriorly along the

Answer 38

Ora serrata

Question 39

Name the main artery that supplies the retina

Answer 39

Central artery of the retina of ophthalmic artery

Question 40

Name the refractive media of the eyeball which pass through the light waves to the retina in order

Answer 40

Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor, and retina

Question 41

The cornea is innervated by the ___

Answer 41

Long ciliary ganglion of Nasociliary N

Question 42

Name two veins through which the aqueous humor is drained through the limbal plexus

Answer 42

Vorticose and anterior ciliary vein

Question 43

The lens of the eye is anchored by the ___ to the ciliary body

Answer 43

Zonular fibers

Question 44

Name the nerve which causes the near vision with the ciliary muscle constriction

Answer 44

Short ciliary n, parasympathetic

Question 45

Name two main arteries which supply the eye

Answer 45

Ophthalmic A of Internal carotid A | Maxillary A of External carotid A

Question 46

The central vein of the retina drains into the ___ or ___

Answer 46

Cavernous sinus or subophthalmic vein

Question 47

The aqueous humor drains directly into the: - sclera venous sinus - limbal plexus - vorticose veins - anterior ciliary veins

Answer 47

Sclera venous sinus

Question 48

The retinal detachment usually results from the fluid accumulation between ___ and ___ layers of the retina

Answer 48

Neural and pigment cell layers

Question 49

The papilledema results from increases intracranial pressure through the subarachnoid space around the optic nerve. True or False

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Horner syndrome results from interruption of

Answer 50

Cervical sympathetic trunk

Question 51

The Horner syndrome includes all the following except: - miosis - ptosis - vasodilation - hydrosis

Answer 51

Hydrosis (should be anhydrosis)

Question 52

The paralysis of the superior tarsal muscle may cause

Answer 52

Ptosis

Question 53

The glaucoma is caused by decrease drainage of aqueous humor through

Answer 53

Sclera venous sinus