Exam 4 Study Guide of the Eye Flashcards

1
Q

The range of the visible wavelength is

A

400-700 nm

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2
Q

They can respond to

A

Varying luminance
sensitivity of form
movement
distance

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3
Q

The functions or modalities of an eye include

A
Sensitivity to minute changes in luminosity
Dark-adapted scotopic vision
Discrimination of form
Discrimination of movement
Color in light-adapted photopic vision
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4
Q

The paired eyes can perform

A

Panoramic vision
Binocular vision
Stereoscopic vision

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5
Q

The lateral walls of the two orbits diverge at approximately ___ degrees

A

90

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6
Q

Name the mucous membrane which lines the inner surface of the eyelids

A

Palpebral conjunctiva

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7
Q

Name the fibrous tissues extends from the orbital margin to the eyelids to protect the orbital contents

A

Orbital septum

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8
Q

Name the bones which forms the superior wall or roof of the orbit

A

Orbital part of the frontal bone

Lesser wing of sphenoid

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9
Q

All of the following form the medial wall of the orbit except:

  • ethmoid bone
  • lacrimal bone
  • sphenoid bone
  • palatine bone
A

Palatine bone

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10
Q

Name the four bones which form the medial wall of the orbit

A

Ethmoid, lacrimal, sphenoid, frontal

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11
Q

Name the features which is located between the lateral and inferior orbital walls

A

Inferior orbital fissure

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12
Q

The apex of the orbit is in the ___ of ___ bone

A

Optic canal of sphenoid bone

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13
Q

Name the bones which form the base of the orbital margin

A

Frontal, zygomatic, maxillary

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14
Q

The periorbita is continuous with the dura mater through the ___ and ___

A

Optic canal and superior orbital fissure

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15
Q

Name the the transparent structures which is attached to the anterior surface of the eyeball

A

Bulbar conjunctiva

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16
Q

The conjunctival sac is the space bounded by the ___ and ___

A

Palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva

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17
Q

The palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi is in the connective tissue between the ___ and ___

A

Tarsi and skin of eyelids

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18
Q

The tarsal glands are located in the superior and inferior ___

A

tarsi

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19
Q

The ciliary glands are located in the margin of ___

A

Eyelids

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20
Q

Name the enzyme which is bactericidal in the lacrimal fluid

A

Lysozyme

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21
Q

The orbital and palpebral parts of the lacrimal gland are divided by

A

The tendon of the levator palpebrae superioris

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22
Q

Name the entire pathway of the parasympathetic secretomotor nerve from the cranial nucleus to the lacrimal gland

A

Superior salivatory nucleus, Facial n, Genicular ganglion, Greater petrosal n, Zygomatic n of maxillary, Zygomaticotemporal, Lacrimal n of ophthalmic, Lacrimal gland

23
Q

Name the entire pathway of the sympathetic postsynaptic motor nerve to the lacrimal gland

A

Superior cervical ganglion, Internal carotid n, Internal carotid plexus, Deep petrosal n, N of the pterygoid canal, Pterygopalatine ganglion, Zygomatic n of maxillary, Zygomaticotemporal, Lacrimal n of ophthalmic, Lacrimal gland

24
Q

Name the structure which conveys the lacrimal fluid from the lacrimal sac to the inferior nasal meatus

A

Lacrimal ducts

25
The outer fibrous layer of the eyeball consists of ___ and ___
Sclera and cornea
26
Name the structure which covers the anterior one sixth of the eyeball
Cornea
27
The vascular layer of the eyeball is called
Uvea or uveal tract
28
The vascular layer of the eyeball consists of what 3 structures
Choroid, ciliary body, and iris
29
Within the choroid, larger vessels are located internally. true or false
True
30
Name the innermost layer of the choroid
Choricocapillaris
31
The ciliary body is connected anteriorly with ___ and posteriorly with ___
Iris | Choroid
32
The anterior chamber of the eye is the space between the ___ anteriorly and ___ posteriorly
Cornea | Iris and pupil
33
Sympathetic responses to the pupil are faster than the parasympathetic responses. true or false
False
34
Name the single layer of cells that reinforce the light-absorbing property of the choroid in reducing the scattering of light in the eyeball
Pigment cell layer
35
Name 2 features on the fundus of the eyeball
Optic disc and Fovea centralis
36
The optic disc is sensitive to color. true or false
False (insensitive to light)
37
Name the feature that is specialized for acuity of vision
Fovea centralis of macula lutea
38
The functional optic part of the retina terminates anteriorly along the
Ora serrata
39
Name the main artery that supplies the retina
Central artery of the retina of ophthalmic artery
40
Name the refractive media of the eyeball which pass through the light waves to the retina in order
Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor, and retina
41
The cornea is innervated by the ___
Long ciliary ganglion of Nasociliary N
42
Name two veins through which the aqueous humor is drained through the limbal plexus
Vorticose and anterior ciliary vein
43
The lens of the eye is anchored by the ___ to the ciliary body
Zonular fibers
44
Name the nerve which causes the near vision with the ciliary muscle constriction
Short ciliary n, parasympathetic
45
Name two main arteries which supply the eye
Ophthalmic A of Internal carotid A | Maxillary A of External carotid A
46
The central vein of the retina drains into the ___ or ___
Cavernous sinus or subophthalmic vein
47
The aqueous humor drains directly into the: - sclera venous sinus - limbal plexus - vorticose veins - anterior ciliary veins
Sclera venous sinus
48
The retinal detachment usually results from the fluid accumulation between ___ and ___ layers of the retina
Neural and pigment cell layers
49
The papilledema results from increases intracranial pressure through the subarachnoid space around the optic nerve. True or False
True
50
Horner syndrome results from interruption of
Cervical sympathetic trunk
51
The Horner syndrome includes all the following except: - miosis - ptosis - vasodilation - hydrosis
Hydrosis (should be anhydrosis)
52
The paralysis of the superior tarsal muscle may cause
Ptosis
53
The glaucoma is caused by decrease drainage of aqueous humor through
Sclera venous sinus