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Exam 4 Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The splanchnic component of the autonomic nervous system innervates all of the following except:

  • viscera
  • glands
  • blood vessels
  • striated muscle
A

Striated muscle (should be non-striated)

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2
Q

There are at least two neurons which interpose between the central to somatic effectors. True or False

A

False (central to visceral effectors)

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3
Q

Axons of the primary neurons of the autonomic nervous system are usually unmyelinated and pass to the peripheral ganglia. True or False

A

False (myelinated)

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4
Q

The disproportion between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons is lesser in the parasympathetic system than in the sympathetic system. True or False

A

True

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5
Q

The disproportion between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system is 1:___

A

1: 15-20

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6
Q

Which of the following has the largest disproportion between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons?

  • somatic efferent nervous system
  • sympathetic nervous system
  • parasympathetic nervous system
  • branchial efferent nervous system
A

Sympathetic nervous system

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7
Q

The visceral afferent paths resemble somatic efferent paths. True or False

A

False (resemble somatic afferent)

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8
Q

The parasympathetic preganglionic efferent fibers emerge through all of the following except:

  • oculomotor nerve
  • trigeminal nerve
  • vagus
  • second sacral nerve
A

Trigeminal nerve

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9
Q

The sympathetic preganglionic efferent fibers appear through all thoracic and first, second, and/or third lumbar spinal nerves which is known as ___ outflow.

A

Thoracolumbar

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10
Q

What nerves are included in the sympathetic preganglionic efferent fibers outflow?

A

T1-L2 or L3

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11
Q

The enteric nervous system contains all of the following reflex pathways except:

  • striated muscular contractions
  • digestive enzyme secretion
  • peristalsis reflex
  • blood flow
A

Striated muscular contraction

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12
Q

All of the following carries myelinated preganglionic parasympathetic axons except:

  • facial nerve
  • accessory cranial nerve
  • third sacral spinal nerve
  • trigeminal nerve
A

Trigeminal nerve

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13
Q

Name the myelinated preganglionic parasympathetic nerves

A 
Oculomotor
Facial
Accessory cranial neve
Vagal
S2, S3, S4
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14
Q

All of the following are peripheral ganglia of the cranial part of the parasympathetic system except:

  • otic ganglion
  • genicular ganglion
  • submandibular ganglion
  • ciliary ganglion
A

Genicular ganglion

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15
Q

Name the four peripheral ganglia of the parasympathetic system

A

Otic
Pterygopalatine
Submandibular
Ciliary

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16
Q

Name the nerve which carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the constrictor pupillae.

A

Short ciliary N

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17
Q

Name the nerve which carries facial preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the main facial trunk

A

Chorda Tympani of facial nerve

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18
Q

Which of the following nerves mainly carries the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the main facial nerve trunk to the parotid gland?

  • posterior auricular nerve
  • lacrimal nerve
  • greater petrosal nerve
  • nerve to stapedius
A

Lacrimal nerve (glossopharyngeal from inferior salivatory nucleus)

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19
Q

Name the branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve which carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.

A

Tympanic nerve

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20
Q

Which of the following ganglia is not a peripheral ganglion for the cranial parasympathetic nerve?

  • Genicular ganglion
  • Submandibular ganglion
  • Otic ganglion
  • Pterygopalatine ganglion
A

Genicular ganglion

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21
Q

The pulmonary branch of the vagus is a bronchiodilator. True or False

A

False

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22
Q

The pelvic splanchnic nerve supply vasodilator fibers to all of the following except:

  • corpora cavernosa
  • corpus spongiosum
  • glans of the penis
  • prepuce
A

Glans of the penis

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23
Q

Name the branch of the facial nerve which carries the preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers to control small glands in the nasal cavity, palates, and nasal sinuses above the oral cavity.

A

Greater Petrosal N of Facial

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24
Q

Name the branch of the facial nerve which carries the preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers to control the salivary glands and lingual glands below the oral cavity.

A

Chorda tympani of Facial

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25
Q

Name the branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve which carries the parasympathetic efferent fibers to the parotid gland.

A

Tympanic nerve of Glossopharyngeal

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26
Q

The disproportion or ratio of the sympathetic nervous system between the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers is ___

A

1: 196

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27
Q

The sympathetic nervous system innervates all of the following except:

  • sweat glands
  • ciliary body
  • arrectores pilorum
  • constrictor pupillae
A

Constrictor pupillae

28
Q

Name the spinal cord segments where the somata of the preganglionic sympathetic fibers arise

A

T1-L2 or L3

29
Q

What is the size in diameter of the axons of the white ramus communicants?

A

1.5 - 4 microns

30
Q

Name the spinal cord segments of the outflow of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Thoracolumbar outflow

31
Q

How many white rami communicans arise from the thoracic spinal nerve?

A

14 pairs of spinal cord

32
Q

The sympathetic preganglionic fibers pass in the ventral spinal root as myelinated fibers. True or False

33
Q

To reach a sympathetic ganglion, the preganglionic sympathetic fibers behave as the following except:

  • they synapse in the nearest ganglion
  • they transverse the nearest ganglion to reach the celiac ganglion to synapse
  • they transverse the nearest ganglion and ascend or descend in the sympathetic chain to reach another ganglion for synapse
  • they transverse the sympathetic chain ganglia and reach the effector organs to synapse
A

The last answer!

34
Q

The postganglionic sympathetic fibers return to the spinal nerves through the white/gray rami communicans

A

Gray rami communicans

35
Q

Most peripheral nerves contain postganglionic parasympathetic fibers. True or False

A

False (sympathetic)

36
Q

Peripheral autonomic activity is integrated at the brainstem which includes all of the following except:

  • limbic system
  • thalamus
  • hypophysis
  • hypothalamus
A

Hypophysis

37
Q

The internal carotid plexus communicates laterally with all of the following except:

  • pterygopalatine ganglion
  • tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal
  • ciliary ganglion
  • abducent nerve
A

Ciliary ganglion

38
Q

Name the four structures the internal carotid plexus communicates with

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion
Tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal
Abducent nerve
Trigeminal nerve

39
Q

Name the nerve which sends vasomotor rami to the hypophysis cerebri

A

Internal carotid plexus

40
Q

Name the artery on which the right and left sympathetic system connect each other in the cranial cavity

A

Anterior communicating artery of Anterior cerebral artery

41
Q

Name the sympathetic nerve which supplies the carotid body and pharyngeal plexus

A

Laryngopharyngeal branches

42
Q

The largest sympathetic cardiac nerve arises from the ___ ganglion

A

Middle cervical ganglion

43
Q

Name the sympathetic nerve which supplies the otic ganglion and the genicular ganglion

A

Internal carotid plexus

44
Q

Name the ganglia which sends branches to enclose the vertebral artery

A

Middle cervical ganglion

45
Q

Name the spinal cord segments which send the preganglionic sympathetic fibers to the head and neck

A

Upper 3 or 5 thoracic nerves

46
Q

Name the sympathetic nerve which loops the first part of the subclavian artery

A

Ansa subclavia (loops both R and L)

47
Q

The thoracic sympathetic trunk passes through the ___ to become the lumbar sympathetic trunk.

A

Crus of the diaphragm

48
Q

The thoracic sympathetic trunk passes through or posterior to the following structures except:

  • medial arcuate ligament
  • right crus of diaphragm
  • lateral arcuate ligament
  • left crus of diaphragm
A

Lateral arcuate ligament

49
Q

The thoracic sympathetic trunk passes dorsal to the ___ to become the lumbar sympathetic trunk

A

Medial arcuate ligament

50
Q

The greater splanchnic nerve is formed by branches from the T5 to T9 or T10 ganglia. True or False

51
Q

Name the thoracic sympathetic ganglia which form the lesser splanchnic nerve

52
Q

The lowest splanchnic nerve enters the abdominal cavity through the ___

A

Crus of diaphragm

53
Q

How many lumbar sympathetic ganglia are in the human body on each side?

A

4 interconnected ganglia

54
Q

All of the following are correct description about the lumbar sympathetic ganglia and trunk except:

  • located in the extraperitoneal space
  • located anterolateral to the lumbar vertebra
  • located along the lateral margin of the psoas major
  • superiorly it is posterior to the medial arcuate ligament
A

Located along the lateral margin of the psoas major (should be medial)

55
Q

The first lumbar splanchnic nerve joins the following plexuses except:

  • celiac plexus
  • intermesenteric plexus
  • renal plexus
  • superior hypogastric plexus
A

Superior hypogastric plexus

56
Q

Name the nerve which joins the hypogastric nerve from the lumbar sympathetic chain ganglia.

A

Fourth lumbar splanchnic nerve

57
Q

Name the artery on which the lower lumbar splanchnic nerves form a plexus.

  • common iliac artery
  • internal iliac artery
  • external iliac artery
  • obturator nerve
A

Common iliac artery

58
Q

The pelvic sympathetic trunk locates medial to the ventral sacral foramina. True or False

A

False (anterior sacral foramina)

59
Q

Which of the following is not a correct description of the pelvic sympathetic trunk with its ganglia?

  • it sends grey rami communicants to the sacral and coccygeal spinal nerves
  • it lies laterally to the ventral sacral foramina
  • it has 4 or 5 interconnected ganglia
  • inferiorly the R or L trunk converge to the ganglion impar
A

It lies laterally to the ventral sacral foramina (should be medially)

60
Q

The ganglion impar is the part of the parasympathetic nervous system. True or False

A

False (sympathetic)

61
Q

The heart receives the sympathetic fibers from the

62
Q

The segmental sympathetic nerves to kidney are

63
Q

Name the two interconnected ganglionated plexuses in the enteric nervous system.

A

Myenteric (Auerbach’s) plexus

Submucous plexus

64
Q

The submucous plexus extends from ___ to the ___

A

Stomach to the internal anal sphincter

65
Q

The submucous plexus is between what layers

A

Mucus muscularis and internal circular muscle layer

66
Q

What do the enteric sensory neurons monitor?

A

Intestinal wall tension and intestinal contents

PNS (23 decks)

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