Exam 4 Study Cards (New Info) Flashcards
(29 cards)
proximity
geographical nearness.
proximity (more precisely, “functional distance”) powerfully predicts liking.
similarity
“likeness begets liking”
“birds of a feather flock together”
mere exposure effect
the more exposure we have to a stimulus, the more apt we are to like it
familiarity breeds liking
reciprocal liking
we like people who like us
liking begets liking
the matching hypothesis
the tendency for men and women to choose as partners those who are a “good match” in attractiveness and other traits
equity theory
the theory that people are happiest w/ relationships in which the rewards and costs experienced and the contributions made by both parties are roughly equal
social exchange theory
people’s feelings about a relationship depend on their perceptions of :
1. satisfaction: the rewards
- investment: the costs
3a. comparison level of current relationship: how well the current relationship matches expectancies
3b. comparison level of alternatives: chances for having a better relationship w/ someone else
attachment theory
a theory about how early attachments w/ caregivers shape our relationships for the remainder of our lives
secure attachment
characterized by feelings of security in relationship
individuals are comfy w/ intimacy and desire to be close to others during times of threat and uncertainty
anxious attachment
f
ambivalent
find out
insecure attachment
characterized by a suppression of attachment needs
individuals are prone to exhibit compulsive self-reliance, prefer distance from others, and during conditions of threat and uncertainty are dismissive and detached
prosocial behavior
positive, constructive, helpful social behavior
any act performed w/ the goal of benefiting another person
kin selection
preferential helping of genetic relatives which facilitates our genetic survival
group selection
when groups are in competition, groups of mutually supportive altruists outlast groups of non-altruists
helpful groups survive better than selfish groups
evolutionary perspective on helping
if we all help each other, we have more chance of surviving
norm of reciprocity
an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
altruistic help
motivated by the desire to improve another’s welfare
desire to help, even if it involves a cost to the helper
egoistic help
motivated to help to increase one’s own welfare
empathy-altruism hypothesis
empathic concern for a person in need produces an altruistic motive for helping
bystander effect
the finding that a person is less likely to provide help when there are other bystanders
each individual is less likely to help if there are others around
pluralistic ignorance
the case in which people think that everyone else is interpreting a situation in a certain way, when in fact they aren’t
diffusion of responsibilty
phenomenon whereby each bystander’s sense of responsibility to help decreases as the # of witnesses increases
false confessions
confessions that may recall false memories/misinformation
compliant confessions: confessions b/c of coercion and/or sleep deprivation
internalized confessions: confessions defendants believed b/c they were fed misinformation
