Exam 4 review Flashcards
In which way are viruses like LIVING organisms? A. They evolve B. They consists of cells C. They have their own metabolism D. They multiply on their own E. Non of these.
A. They evolve
TRUE or FALSE Bacteriophages grown on a lawn of bacteria from individual colonies which can be counted to determine how many viruses are in the culture
FALSE
Viral spike proteins are involved in: A. Replication B. Lysis C. Attachment D. Lysogeny E. all of these.
C. Attachment
Bacteriophages that can exhibit lysogenic cycles are called what?
Temperate phages
Eukaryotic viruses enter host cells through which of the following mechanisms?
A. Fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane
B. Entry by endocytosis
C. Injection of nucleic acid
D. All of the above
E. Two of the above.
D. All of the above
Which of the following virus types would replicate using an RNA dependant RNA polymerase? A. dsRNA B. retroviruses C. ssDNA D. ds DNA E. Two of these
A. dsRNA
Viral capsid protein subunits are called A. auxomers B. elastomers C. protomers D. viromers E. icoahedrans
C. protomers
For double stranded RNA viruses, which type of enzyme is used in the production of more genomes? A. DNA dependent DNA polymerase B. DNA dependent RNA polymerase C. RNA dependent DNA polymerase D. RNA dependent RNA polymerase E. Reverse Transcriptase
E. Reverse Transcriptase
What type of enzyme would produce the genomes for retroviruses?
DNA dependant RNA polymerase
Single-stranded viruses that ahve RNA genomes which are the same sequence as the mRNA they produce are called: A. Negative-strand viruses B. Positive-strand viruses C. Complimentary viruses D. Bacteriophages E. provirus
B. Positive-strand viruses
The envelope of herpesviruses comes from which of the following host structures? A. Plasma membrane B. Golgi apparatus C. Mitochondria D. Endoplasmic reticulum E. Nucleus
E. Nucleus
TRUE or FALSE The Baltimore system classifies viruses primarily on size and capsid symmetry
FALSE
A _________ infection is one in which the virus quits reproducing and remains dormant for a period before becoming active again.
Latent
Attachment of HIV virus to its host cell requires what?
Specific surface proteins on the HIP virus and specific receptor molecules on the host cell
A bacterial cell carrying a prophage is called a
Lysogen
Which of the following MUST carry an RNA-dependant RNA -polymerase in the nucleocapsid? A. double-stranded RNA viruses B. double-stranded DNA viruses C. negative-strand RNA viruses D. All of the above E. Two of the above.
E. Two of the above.
A. double-stranded RNA viruses
C. negative-strand RNA viruses
Which of the following would not necessarily be needed to complete the life cycle of an RNA virus? A. RNA dependant RNA polymerase B. DNA dependant RNA polymerase C. Ribosomes D. Self Assembly E.All of these are necessary
B. DNA dependant RNA polymerase
Which of the following is used to help protect the lungs from infection?
A. Turbulent airflow deposits airborne pathogens on sticky mucosal surfaces
B. The mucociliary escalator moves trapped organisms away from the lungs by ciliary action
C. Coughing and sneezing forcefully expel organisms away from the lungs
D. All of the choices
E. Two of the choices.
D. All of the choices
Turbulent airflow deposits airborne pathogens on sticky mucosal surfaces
The mucociliary escalator moves trapped organisms away from the lungs by ciliary action
Coughing and sneezing forcefully expel organisms away from the lungs
Phagocytic leukocytes that circulate in the blood and migrate to sites of infection are called A. esonophils B. neutrophils C. T-cells D. B-cells E. basophils
B. neutrophils
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a process by which microoganisms or other particles are coated by serum components, preparing them for recognition and injestion by phagocytic cells. A. Phagocytosis B. Inflammation C. Clonal Selection D. Opsonization E. Cytokine processing
D. Opsonization
A fever enhances the nonspecific immune response by
A. Stimulating leukocytes to destroy microbes.
B. Enhancing specific activity of the immune system
C. Decreasing the amount of iron available to microbes
D. Enhancing biostasis
E. All of these
E. All of these
Stimulating leukocytes to destroy microbes.
Enhancing specific activity of the immune system
Decreasing the amount of iron available to microbes
Enhancing biostasis
Blood cell development occurs in the bown marrow of mammals during the process of A. hemolysis B. hematopoesis C. hemostasis D. clonal selection E. diapaesis
B. hematopoesis
Which of the following immune system cells bind to microbial PAMP'a leading to phagocytosis of the microbial cell A. Granulocytes B. Mast cells C. Basophils D. Lymphocytes E. Macrophages
E. Macrophages
Pathogen associated molecular patters include A. lipopolysaccharide B. peptidoglycan C. phospholipids D. All of the choices E. Two of the choices.
E. Two of the choces
A. lipopolysaccharide
B. peptidoglycan
Which type of immunity is the result of an individual developing his or her own immune response to a microbial infection?
A. Artificially acquired active immunity
B. Artificially acquired passive immunity
C. Naturally acquired artificial immunity
D. Naturally acquired passive immunity
E. Naturally acquired active immunity
E. Naturally acquired active immunity
Circulating immunoglobulins are part of:
Humoral immunity
T cells attack
A. host cells that have been parasitized by microorganisms
B. transplanted tissue cells from one host to another
C. cancer cells
D. macrophages that have become infected.
E. All of the choices.
E. All of the choices.
host cells that have been parasitized by microorganisms
transplanted tissue cells from one host to another
cancer cells
macrophages that have become infected.
B cells that are actively producing antibodies are called A. memory cells B. immunoglubulin cells C. activated cells D. plasma cells E. stem cells
D. plasma cells
Memory B cells are produced during A. Vaccination B. The primary immune response C. the secondary immune response D. all of these E. two of these
D. all of these
A. Vaccination
B. The primary immune response
C. the secondary immune response
Class I major histocompatibility complex molecules are found on A. Skin cells B. Antigen-presenting cells C. Muscle cells D. All of the above E. Two of the above
D. All of the above
A. Skin cells
B. Antigen-presenting cells
C. Muscle cells
The humoral immune response differs from the cell-mediated immune response in that only in the humoral immuen response is there
A. Secretion of antibody
B. a mature lymphocyte
C. a clonal selection mechanism
D. the development of memory cells
E. Actually, all of these are only found in the humoral immune response
A. Secretion of antibody
Which of the following is a characteristic associated with secondary antibody response? A. Shorter lag phase B. lower antibody amount produced C. lower antibody affinity D. all of the choices E. two of the above choices
A. Shorter lag phase
An individual with O blood type can safely recieve blood from which of the following donors? A. Type O donor B. Type A donor C. Type B donor D. Type AB donor E. All of the above
A. Type O donor
TRUE or FALSE All the antibodies released from a particular B lymphocyte will have the same antigen binding site(s).
TRUE
