Exam 1 review

Question 1

Which of the following is the BEST description of the field of microbiology?
A. The study of diseases caused by viruses and bacteria
B. The study of living organisms too small to be seen without magnification
C. The study of bacteria
D. The study of things in the microscope
E. The study of simple living things

Answer 1

B. The study of living organisms too small to be seen without magnification

Question 2

Cells with realitively simple structures that do not have a true membrane-bound nucleus are referred to as 
A. prokaryotes
B. eukaryotes
C. urkaryotes
D. nokaryotes
E. A and B

Answer 2

A. prokaryotes

Question 3

TRUE or FALSE Since viruses are considered to be acellular, they are NOT included in any of the domains of life
A. TRUE
B. FALSE

Answer 3

A. TRUE

Question 4

Eukaryotic organelles that arose by endosymbiosis include
A. lysosomes
B. the Golgi
C. the ER
D. Two of these
E. NONE of these

Answer 4

E. NONE of these

Question 5

Which of the following observations by Francesco Redi refutes the idea of spontaneous generation?
A. flies laid eggs on uncovered meat and maggots developed
B. covered pieces of meat did not produce maggots spontaneously
C. Maggots and flies are usually associated with meat
D. All of the above
E. None of the above

Answer 5

B. covered pieces of meat did not produce maggots spontaneously

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of Koch’s Postulates
A. The microorganism is present in some healthy individuals and some diseased individuals.
B. The suspected microorganism must be isolated and grown in a pure culture
C. The same disease must result when the isolated microorganism is inoculated into a healthy host.
D. The same microorganism must be isolated again from the diseased host.
E. Actually ALL of these are Koch’s Postulates

Answer 6

A. The microorganism is present in some healthy individuals and some diseased individuals.

Question 7

Why did no bacteria grown in the broth during Pasteur’s experiment?
A. The broth had been frozen before the experiment
B. He didn’t put any bacteria into the broth
C. The neck of the flask was bent
D. The temperature was too high for bacteria to grow
E. The flask was sealed

Answer 7

C. The neck of the flask was bent

Question 8

Small internal cell structures are best visualized with a 
A. light microscope
B. dark-field microscope
C. transmission electron microscope
D. scannin electron microscope
E. confocal microscopy

Answer 8

C. transmission electron microscope

Question 9

As the magnification of a series of objective lenses increases, the working distance
A. increases
B. decreases
C. stays the same
D. turns over
E. cannot be predicted

Answer 9

B. decreases

Question 10

TRUE or FALSE The main limitation when using the light microscope is resolution rather than magnification

Answer 10

FALSE

Question 11

In the Gram-staining procedure, the primary stain is

Answer 11

Crystal Violet

Question 12

Acidic dyes bind to cellular molecules that are ________ charged

Answer 12

Positively

Question 13

In microscopy, the lense or magnet that focuses the illumination source at the sample is called the

Answer 13

Condenser

Question 14

The term used to describe bacteria that have rod-like shape is

Answer 14

Bacillus

Question 15

Bacterial cells of the same species that are variable in shape are called

Answer 15

Pleomorphic

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Procaryotic Plasma membrane?
A. Control content
B. Help with energy management
C. determine and maintain cell shape
D. provide a selectively permeable barrier
E. separate the cytoplasm from the outside environment

Answer 16

C. determine and maintain cell shape

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the periplasmic space:
A. it is found only in gram-negative bacteria
B. it is located between the plasma membrane and outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria
C. it is located between the plasma membrane and outer membrane of gram-positive bacteria
D. it is larger in gram-positive bacteria than it is in gram-negative bacteria
E. TWO of these are TRUE

Answer 17

C. it is located between the plasma membrane and outer membrane of gram-positive bacteria

Question 18

What holds the long chains of sugar to each other in peptidoglycan?

Answer 18

Small polypeptides

Question 19

The function of the ribosome in the bacterial cell is to

Answer 19

Synthesize proteins

Question 20

TRUE or FALSE: Gram-negative bacteria stain pink because the purple stain cannot get into the cells

Answer 20

FALSE

Question 21

Bacterial granules that serve as storage locations for organic or inorganic material are called what?

Answer 21

Inclusions

Question 22

Ribosomal synthesis and ribosome construction occur where?

Answer 22

Nucleus

Question 23

The entry point for protein sorting in the eucaryotic cell

Answer 23

Rough ER

Question 24

The organelle where polymers are degraded so their subunits can be reused.

Answer 24

Lysosome

Question 25

The liquid portion inside a Eucaryotic cell that is not inside any of the organelles is called

Answer 25

The cytosol

Question 26

``` Which of the following is/are part of the eukaryotic cytoplasm? A. Ribosomes B. Mitochondria C. Cytosol D. Two of these E. All of these ```

Answer 26

Ribosome, Mitochondria, Cytosol | E. All of these

Question 27

In eukaryotes, which cytoskeleton component forms the spindle apparatus that separates chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 27

Microtubules

Question 28

Energy comes from light | Electrons come from inorganic donors and Carbon comes from CO2

Answer 28

Photolithoautotroph

Question 29

Energy comes from organic molecules Electrons come from organic donors and Carbon comes from organic molecules

Answer 29

Chemoorganoheterotroph

Question 30

Energy comes from inorganic chemicals Electrons come from inorganic donors and Carbon comes from organic molecules

Answer 30

Chemolithoheterotroph

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT an example of a growth factor? A. An amino acid which the microbe cannot make B. A source of carbon C. A Vitamin D. An enzyme cofactor which the microbe cannot make E. A purine or pyrimidine which the cell cannot make

Answer 31

B. A source of carbon

Question 32

This form of transport involves one molecule moving WITH the gradient and another molecule moving AGAINST the gradient

Answer 32

Secondary Active Transport

Question 33

This type of diffusion is used for large polar molecules that the microbe wants to come in and they do so by moving from high concentration to low concentration

Answer 33

Facilitated diffusion

Question 34

Microbes in an iron-limited environment will secrete __________ externally to bind ferric iron.

Answer 34

Siderophores

Question 35

1. The suspected causal organism must be constantly associated with the disease. 2. The suspected causal organism must be isolated from an infected plant and grown in pure culture. 3. When a healthy susceptible host is inoculated with the pathogen from pure culture, symptoms of the original disease must develop. 4. The same pathogen must be re-isolated from plants infected under experimental conditions.

Answer 35

Koch's Postulates

Question 36

In the Gram-negative cell wall, these connect the pepdidoglycan layer with the outer membrane

Answer 36

Braun's lipoproteins