Exam 2 review Flashcards
The limitation on microbial YIELD (total cells resulting) at high nutrient levels is
The Saturation of the transport proteins for nutrient uptake
Binary Fission occurs at the maximum rate during which phase
The exponential phase
Which of the following is most likely NOT a reason why cells enter stationary phase?
A. they are running out of an essential nutrient
B. they are running out of oxygen
C. the accumulation of toxic waste products
D. their biochemical reactions are at equilibrium
E. the population has reached a critical size limit
D. their biochemical reactions are at equilibrium
Giben a log phase bacterial culture with 10 cells and a generation time of 30 minutes, how many cells will there be in 1 hour?
40
Autolysins are involved in
Degrading the glycosidic bonds between peptidoglycan molecules
The penicillin binding proteins: A. help the antibiotic enter the cell B. link peptidoglycan strands together C. help the antibiotic leave the cell D. stop the antibiotic from binding to the ribosome E. two of the above are true
B. link peptidoglycan strands together
Balanced growth occurs during the _____ phase
Exponential
The process by which all living cells, spores, and acellular entities are either destroyed or removed from an object or habitat is called?
Sterilization
The reduction of microbial population to levels deemed safe is called?
Sanitization
Heating food and beverages to temperatures below boiling in order to control microbial growth is called?
Pasteurization
When antiseptics and disinfectants are compared, disinfectants are generally more or less toxic?
More toxic
Which of the following influence(s) the efficiency of an antimicrobial agent? A. concentration of the agent B. duration of exposure C. temperature D. all of the choices E. only two of the choices
D. all of the choices
concentration of the agent, duration of exposure, temperature
TRUE or FALSE the main reason iodine works so well as an antiseptic is that it is also a strong disinfectant.
FALSE
Which of the following metabolic processes can be classified as catabolic?
A. breaking down glucose to pyruvate
B. ADP+phosphate = ATP
C. synthesizing proteins from amino acids
D. reaction with a positive delta G value
E. Two of the above
A. breaking down glucose to pyruvate
A reaction that requires an input of energy is ______
Anabolic
The synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate, using the machinery of ATP synthase would include: A. Photophosphorylation B. oxidative phosphoylation C. substrate-level phosphorylation D. All of the above E. Two of the above
B. oxidative phosphoylation
C. substrate-level phosphorylation
If an enzyme consists of a protein component and a non-protein component, the non-protein component is referred to as the
coenzyme
Enzymes catalyze a reaction by
decreasing the activation energy of the reaction
Which of the following molecules has the greatest ability to accept electons A. Oxygen B. Nitrate C. Pyruvate D. NADH E. Water
A. Oxygen
Which molecule often links catabolic and anabolic processes in the cell A. Pyruvate B. Nitrate C. ATP D. Iron E. Two of these do
C. ATP
Whcih of the following is TRUE regarding the ATP generated in Glycolysis AND the TCA cycle?
A. both require high energy electrons
B. both require the enzyme ATP synthase
C. both are examples of substrate-level phosphorylation
D. Two of these are true
E. All Three of these are true
C. both are examples of substrate-level phosphorylation
Which of the following is NOT produced by glycolysis?
A. pyruvate
B. ATP
C. NADH
D. Carbon dioxide
E. Actually, all of these are produced by glycolysis
D. Carbon dioxide
Which of the following is NOT produced by the TCA cycle?
A. CO2
B. GTP
C. NADH
D. Carbon Dioxide
E. Actually, all of these are produced by the TCA cycle
E. Actually, all of these are produced by the TCA cycle
CO2, GTP, NADH, Carbon Dioxide
Which products of the TCA cycle transfer electrons to the electron transport chain? A. ATP and GTP B. FMN and NADPH C. Oxygen and Nitrogen D. NADH and NADPH E. NADH and FADH2
E. NADH and FADH2
In Fermentation the final electron acceptor is
endogenous and exogenous
What causes the rotor of ATP synthase to spin?
PMF proton motor force
Which of the following is TRUE of oxidative phosphorylation?
A. Generates ATP via enzymes in a pathway
B. uses an endogenous electron acceptor
C. involves an electron transport chain
D. two of these are TRUE
E. ALL of these are TRUE
C. involves an electron transport chain
TRUE or FALSE Many enzyme catalyzed reactions are freely reversible; however, some key steps require separate enzymes for the reverse reaction in order to provide for independent regulation of anabolic and catabolie pathways.
TRUE
Which molecule usually acts as an electron donor in biosynthesis reactions?
NADPH
________ reactions are used to replace TCA cycle intermediates that have been used to provide carbon skeletons for amino acid biosynthesis
Anaplerotic
Which of the following was important for Calvin to determin the pathway of the Calvin Cycle?
A. He could purchase CO2 that was labled with 14C
B. He could separate molecules with chromatography
C. He could determine the structures of the separated molecules
D. All of these were important
E. Two of these were important
All of these were important
A. He could purchase CO2 that was labled with 14C
B. He could separate molecules with chromatography
C. He could determine the structures of the separated molecules
TRUE or FALSE catabolism and anabolism use the same high energy electron activated carriers.
FALSE
Which of the following is/are needed for the synthesis of large cellular molecules? A. a carbon source B. an energy source C. an electron source D. precursor metabolites E. all of these are needed.
all of these are needed A. a carbon source B. an energy source C. an electron source D. precursor metabolites
