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Microbiology > Exam 2 review > Flashcards

Exam 2 review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The limitation on microbial YIELD (total cells resulting) at high nutrient levels is

A

The Saturation of the transport proteins for nutrient uptake

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2
Q

Binary Fission occurs at the maximum rate during which phase

A

The exponential phase

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3
Q

Which of the following is most likely NOT a reason why cells enter stationary phase?
A. they are running out of an essential nutrient
B. they are running out of oxygen
C. the accumulation of toxic waste products
D. their biochemical reactions are at equilibrium
E. the population has reached a critical size limit

A

D. their biochemical reactions are at equilibrium

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4
Q

Giben a log phase bacterial culture with 10 cells and a generation time of 30 minutes, how many cells will there be in 1 hour?

A

40

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5
Q

Autolysins are involved in

A

Degrading the glycosidic bonds between peptidoglycan molecules

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6
Q 
The penicillin binding proteins:
A. help the antibiotic enter the cell 
B. link peptidoglycan strands together
C. help the antibiotic leave the cell
D. stop the antibiotic from binding to the ribosome
E. two of the above are true
A

B. link peptidoglycan strands together

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7
Q

Balanced growth occurs during the _____ phase

A

Exponential

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8
Q

The process by which all living cells, spores, and acellular entities are either destroyed or removed from an object or habitat is called?

A

Sterilization

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9
Q

The reduction of microbial population to levels deemed safe is called?

A

Sanitization

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10
Q

Heating food and beverages to temperatures below boiling in order to control microbial growth is called?

A

Pasteurization

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11
Q

When antiseptics and disinfectants are compared, disinfectants are generally more or less toxic?

A

More toxic

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12
Q 
Which of the following influence(s) the efficiency of an antimicrobial agent?
A. concentration of the agent
B. duration of exposure
C. temperature
D. all of the choices
E. only two of the choices
A

D. all of the choices

concentration of the agent, duration of exposure, temperature

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13
Q

TRUE or FALSE the main reason iodine works so well as an antiseptic is that it is also a strong disinfectant.

A

FALSE

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14
Q

Which of the following metabolic processes can be classified as catabolic?
A. breaking down glucose to pyruvate
B. ADP+phosphate = ATP
C. synthesizing proteins from amino acids
D. reaction with a positive delta G value
E. Two of the above

A

A. breaking down glucose to pyruvate

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15
Q

A reaction that requires an input of energy is ______

A

Anabolic

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16
Q 
The synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate, using the machinery of ATP synthase would include:
A. Photophosphorylation
B. oxidative phosphoylation
C. substrate-level phosphorylation
D. All of the above 
E. Two of the above
A

B. oxidative phosphoylation

C. substrate-level phosphorylation

17
Q

If an enzyme consists of a protein component and a non-protein component, the non-protein component is referred to as the

A

coenzyme

18
Q

Enzymes catalyze a reaction by

A

decreasing the activation energy of the reaction

19
Q 
Which of the following molecules has the greatest ability to accept electons
A. Oxygen
B. Nitrate
C. Pyruvate
D. NADH
E. Water
A

A. Oxygen

20
Q 
Which molecule often links catabolic and anabolic processes in the cell
A. Pyruvate
B. Nitrate
C. ATP
D. Iron
E. Two of these do
A

C. ATP

21
Q

Whcih of the following is TRUE regarding the ATP generated in Glycolysis AND the TCA cycle?
A. both require high energy electrons
B. both require the enzyme ATP synthase
C. both are examples of substrate-level phosphorylation
D. Two of these are true
E. All Three of these are true

A

C. both are examples of substrate-level phosphorylation

22
Q

Which of the following is NOT produced by glycolysis?
A. pyruvate
B. ATP
C. NADH
D. Carbon dioxide
E. Actually, all of these are produced by glycolysis

A

D. Carbon dioxide

23
Q

Which of the following is NOT produced by the TCA cycle?
A. CO2
B. GTP
C. NADH
D. Carbon Dioxide
E. Actually, all of these are produced by the TCA cycle

A

E. Actually, all of these are produced by the TCA cycle

CO2, GTP, NADH, Carbon Dioxide

24
Q 
Which products of the TCA cycle transfer electrons to the electron transport chain?
A. ATP and GTP
B. FMN and NADPH
C. Oxygen and Nitrogen
D. NADH and NADPH
E. NADH and FADH2
A

E. NADH and FADH2

25
Q

In Fermentation the final electron acceptor is

A

endogenous and exogenous

26
Q

What causes the rotor of ATP synthase to spin?

A

PMF proton motor force

27
Q

Which of the following is TRUE of oxidative phosphorylation?
A. Generates ATP via enzymes in a pathway
B. uses an endogenous electron acceptor
C. involves an electron transport chain
D. two of these are TRUE
E. ALL of these are TRUE

A

C. involves an electron transport chain

28
Q

TRUE or FALSE Many enzyme catalyzed reactions are freely reversible; however, some key steps require separate enzymes for the reverse reaction in order to provide for independent regulation of anabolic and catabolie pathways.

A

TRUE

29
Q

Which molecule usually acts as an electron donor in biosynthesis reactions?

A

NADPH

30
Q

________ reactions are used to replace TCA cycle intermediates that have been used to provide carbon skeletons for amino acid biosynthesis

A

Anaplerotic

31
Q

Which of the following was important for Calvin to determin the pathway of the Calvin Cycle?
A. He could purchase CO2 that was labled with 14C
B. He could separate molecules with chromatography
C. He could determine the structures of the separated molecules
D. All of these were important
E. Two of these were important

A

All of these were important
A. He could purchase CO2 that was labled with 14C
B. He could separate molecules with chromatography
C. He could determine the structures of the separated molecules

32
Q

TRUE or FALSE catabolism and anabolism use the same high energy electron activated carriers.

A

FALSE

33
Q 
Which of the following is/are needed for the synthesis of large cellular molecules?
A. a carbon source
B. an energy source
C. an electron source
D. precursor metabolites
E. all of these are needed.
A 
all of these are needed
A. a carbon source
B. an energy source
C. an electron source
D. precursor metabolites

Microbiology (8 decks)

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