Exam 2 review

Question 1

The limitation on microbial YIELD (total cells resulting) at high nutrient levels is

Answer 1

The Saturation of the transport proteins for nutrient uptake

Question 2

Binary Fission occurs at the maximum rate during which phase

Answer 2

The exponential phase

Question 3

Which of the following is most likely NOT a reason why cells enter stationary phase?
A. they are running out of an essential nutrient
B. they are running out of oxygen
C. the accumulation of toxic waste products
D. their biochemical reactions are at equilibrium
E. the population has reached a critical size limit

Answer 3

D. their biochemical reactions are at equilibrium

Question 4

Giben a log phase bacterial culture with 10 cells and a generation time of 30 minutes, how many cells will there be in 1 hour?

Answer 4

40

Question 5

Autolysins are involved in

Answer 5

Degrading the glycosidic bonds between peptidoglycan molecules

Question 6

The penicillin binding proteins:
A. help the antibiotic enter the cell 
B. link peptidoglycan strands together
C. help the antibiotic leave the cell
D. stop the antibiotic from binding to the ribosome
E. two of the above are true

Answer 6

B. link peptidoglycan strands together

Question 7

Balanced growth occurs during the _____ phase

Answer 7

Exponential

Question 8

The process by which all living cells, spores, and acellular entities are either destroyed or removed from an object or habitat is called?

Answer 8

Sterilization

Question 9

The reduction of microbial population to levels deemed safe is called?

Answer 9

Sanitization

Question 10

Heating food and beverages to temperatures below boiling in order to control microbial growth is called?

Answer 10

Pasteurization

Question 11

When antiseptics and disinfectants are compared, disinfectants are generally more or less toxic?

Answer 11

More toxic

Question 12

Which of the following influence(s) the efficiency of an antimicrobial agent?
A. concentration of the agent
B. duration of exposure
C. temperature
D. all of the choices
E. only two of the choices

Answer 12

D. all of the choices

concentration of the agent, duration of exposure, temperature

Question 13

TRUE or FALSE the main reason iodine works so well as an antiseptic is that it is also a strong disinfectant.

Answer 13

FALSE

Question 14

Which of the following metabolic processes can be classified as catabolic?
A. breaking down glucose to pyruvate
B. ADP+phosphate = ATP
C. synthesizing proteins from amino acids
D. reaction with a positive delta G value
E. Two of the above

Answer 14

A. breaking down glucose to pyruvate

Question 15

A reaction that requires an input of energy is ______

Answer 15

Anabolic

Question 16

The synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate, using the machinery of ATP synthase would include:
A. Photophosphorylation
B. oxidative phosphoylation
C. substrate-level phosphorylation
D. All of the above 
E. Two of the above

Answer 16

B. oxidative phosphoylation

C. substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 17

If an enzyme consists of a protein component and a non-protein component, the non-protein component is referred to as the

Answer 17

coenzyme

Question 18

Enzymes catalyze a reaction by

Answer 18

decreasing the activation energy of the reaction

Question 19

Which of the following molecules has the greatest ability to accept electons
A. Oxygen
B. Nitrate
C. Pyruvate
D. NADH
E. Water

Answer 19

A. Oxygen

Question 20

Which molecule often links catabolic and anabolic processes in the cell
A. Pyruvate
B. Nitrate
C. ATP
D. Iron
E. Two of these do

Answer 20

C. ATP

Question 21

Whcih of the following is TRUE regarding the ATP generated in Glycolysis AND the TCA cycle?
A. both require high energy electrons
B. both require the enzyme ATP synthase
C. both are examples of substrate-level phosphorylation
D. Two of these are true
E. All Three of these are true

Answer 21

C. both are examples of substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT produced by glycolysis?
A. pyruvate
B. ATP
C. NADH
D. Carbon dioxide
E. Actually, all of these are produced by glycolysis

Answer 22

D. Carbon dioxide

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT produced by the TCA cycle?
A. CO2
B. GTP
C. NADH
D. Carbon Dioxide
E. Actually, all of these are produced by the TCA cycle

Answer 23

E. Actually, all of these are produced by the TCA cycle

CO2, GTP, NADH, Carbon Dioxide

Question 24

Which products of the TCA cycle transfer electrons to the electron transport chain?
A. ATP and GTP
B. FMN and NADPH
C. Oxygen and Nitrogen
D. NADH and NADPH
E. NADH and FADH2

Answer 24

E. NADH and FADH2

Question 25

In Fermentation the final electron acceptor is

Answer 25

endogenous and exogenous

Question 26

What causes the rotor of ATP synthase to spin?

Answer 26

PMF proton motor force

Question 27

Which of the following is TRUE of oxidative phosphorylation? A. Generates ATP via enzymes in a pathway B. uses an endogenous electron acceptor C. involves an electron transport chain D. two of these are TRUE E. ALL of these are TRUE

Answer 27

C. involves an electron transport chain

Question 28

TRUE or FALSE Many enzyme catalyzed reactions are freely reversible; however, some key steps require separate enzymes for the reverse reaction in order to provide for independent regulation of anabolic and catabolie pathways.

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

Which molecule usually acts as an electron donor in biosynthesis reactions?

Answer 29

NADPH

Question 30

________ reactions are used to replace TCA cycle intermediates that have been used to provide carbon skeletons for amino acid biosynthesis

Answer 30

Anaplerotic

Question 31

Which of the following was important for Calvin to determin the pathway of the Calvin Cycle? A. He could purchase CO2 that was labled with 14C B. He could separate molecules with chromatography C. He could determine the structures of the separated molecules D. All of these were important E. Two of these were important

Answer 31

All of these were important A. He could purchase CO2 that was labled with 14C B. He could separate molecules with chromatography C. He could determine the structures of the separated molecules

Question 32

TRUE or FALSE catabolism and anabolism use the same high energy electron activated carriers.

Answer 32

FALSE

Question 33

``` Which of the following is/are needed for the synthesis of large cellular molecules? A. a carbon source B. an energy source C. an electron source D. precursor metabolites E. all of these are needed. ```

Answer 33

``` all of these are needed A. a carbon source B. an energy source C. an electron source D. precursor metabolites ```