Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiology & Neurobiology 2275 > EXAM 4 - Renal and Reproductive Systems > Flashcards

EXAM 4 - Renal and Reproductive Systems Flashcards

1
Q

SGLT1

A

glucose absorption

SI, renal tubules

secondary active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

GLUT2

A

B cell glucose sensor, transports glucose out of epithelia

liver, epithelia of intestine, kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

GLUT4

A

insulin stimulated glucose uptake

muscle, adipose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

absence of insulin

A

no glucose uptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

presence of insulin

A

lipogenesis (stimulated by G3P)

hormone sensitive lipase inhibited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

insulin affects

A

GLUT2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

glucagon promotes

A

glycogenolysis (not in muscle)
gluconeogenesis
ketogenesis
lipolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

renal function

A

excretes metabolic end products, drugs, xenobiotics

regulates essential ions, osmolarity, pH, arterial bp

secretes renin, erythropoietin, activates vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cortical nephrons

A

reabsorption, peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

juxtamedulliary nephrons

A

concentrates urine, vasa recta, and peritubular capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

excretion = filtration - reabsorption + secretion

A

know it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

macula densa cells

A

modified epithelial cells with osmoreceptors in distal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

granular cells

A

afferent arterial; modifies smooth muscle, secretes renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mesangial cells

A

contractile, regulate glomerular filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

average GFR

A

125 mL/min or 180 L/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

factors that change GFR: favor filtration

A

glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure (Ph)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

factors that change GFR: oppose filtration

A

bowman’s hydrostatic pressure (Pfluid)

colloid osmotic force (pi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

A

amount of plasma filtered from glomeruli into bowman’s space per unit time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

glomerular net filtration

A

Ph - pi - Pfluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

variables for glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure (Ph)

A

arterial pressure (buffered by autoregulation)
afferent arteriolar resistance
efferent arteriolar resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

increase resistance of afferent arteriole

A

decreases renal blood flow, decreases Ph, decreases GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

decrease resistance of afferent arteriole

A

increases RBF, increases Ph, increases GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

myogenic response of GFR

A

increasing renal blood pressure leads to constriction of afferent arteriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

tubuloglomerular feedback

A

paracrine control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
adenosine
when GFR increases, adenosine constricts
26
renin-angiotensin system
activated by drop in systemic BP or heart attack or severe stress or circulatory shock --> leads to decreased Ph and decreased GFR
27
renin is released when
bp decreases, sympathetic innervation, osmolarity of tubular fluid is too low (sensed by macula densa)
28
angiotensin
restores BP ``` arteriole vasoconstriction aldosterone secretion CNS stimulation (for thirst and ADH release) salt and water retention ```
29
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
dilates afferent arteriole, constricts efferent arteriole to decrease GFR inhibits salt reabsorption leading to increased urine production and decreased BV and BP inhibits renin secretion and angiotensin produced by the heart
30
renal clearance
calculated value representing volume of plasma from which "S" is completely cleared per unit of time
31
renal clearance equation
clearance of S = urine excretion rate of S / plasma concentration of S Cs = (Us * V) ------------ Ps
32
clearance of S = the glomerular filtration rate when
- S is not freely filterable at glomerulus - S is not reabsorbed - not secreted - not synthesized - not broken down
33
how can creatinine clearance estimate GFR?
is endogenous that fits criteria small protein secreted by proximal tubules excretion rate exceeds filtration by 5 to 10%
34
renal disease
decreased GFR (elevated creatinine or decreased creatinine clearance)
35
Estimating renal blood flow
substance's clearance can be used to calculate renal blood flow if it is freely filtered and completely secreted
36
Renal plasma flow =
RPF = (Urine(PAH) * Urine flow rate) / plasma(PAH)
37
Renal blood flow =
RPF/ (1-Hct)
38
PCT absorption
water, organic nutrients, glucose, Na+, K+, Cl-, amino acids, vitamins
39
DCT reabsorption
selective Na+, cl-, water, active secretion of ions
40
LH reabsorption
descending: water ascending: Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+, HCO3-
41
renal threshold
the plasma concentration at which a specific compound or ion will begin appearing in urine (saturation of mediated transport)
42
calculating renal threshold
Tm / GFR
43
glucose clearance
excretion rate / plasma concentration aka plasma concentration * GFR - tubular maximum / plasma concentration
44
proximal tubule reabsorption: sodium
``` apical = variety of transporters basolateral = active transport ```
45
proximal tubule reabsorption: HCO3- and Na-organic solutes
cotransporter with glucose, amino acids, organic solutes counter transport with H+ ions active reabsorption
46
proximal tubule reabsorption: Urea
no active transport passive reabsorption due to concentration gradient transcellular and paracellular pathways
47
proximal tubule reabsorption: protein
small proteins and peptides can pass through filtration barrier most removed from filtrate receptor mediated endocytosis renal digestion terminates peptide signal transcytosis**
48
loss of PT
increased bicarbonate, amino acids, glucose, proteins in urine
49
collecting duct reabsorption: principal cells
water reabsorption | sodium reabsorption
50
principal cells: water reabsorption
ADH sensitive
51
principal cells: sodium reabsorption
aldosterone sensitive
52
collecting duct reabsorption: intercalated cells
H+ and HCO3- transport (pH dependent)
53
PT secretion
secondary and tertiary active transport for organic compounds organic anions and cations
54
organic anions
bile salts, urate, PAH, penicillin, toxic chemicals
55
organic cations
creatinine, dopamine, epinephrine, atropine, morphine, isoproterenol, prolineamide
56
DT and CD secretion
K+, H+, NH4+, organic ions, cretinine, penicillin concentration dependent K+ exchanges for Na+ H+ exchanges for K+
57
Excretion:
detrussor internal urethral sphincter external urethral sphincter
58
detrussor
smooth muscle; parasympathetic activation for contraction filling: inhibited micturition: stimulated
59
internal urethral sphincter
smooth muscle; sympathetic activation for contraction filling: stimulated micturition: inhibited
60
external urethral sphincter
skeletal muscle; sympathetic activation for contraction filling: stimulated micturition: inhibited
61
bladder: micturition
stretch receptors in bladder send sensory info to CNS parasympathetic neurons activate, motor neurons to external sphinc. inactivate smooth muscle contracts, internal sphincter passively opens, external relaxes
62
bladder: filling
CNS sends tonic discharge Motor neuron fires internal sphincter passively contracts external sphincter stays contracted
63
3 stimuli that contribute to water balance (vasopressin)
increased plasma osmolarity decreased blood volume decreased BP
64
ADH (vasopressin)
insertion of water pores in apical membrane to increase water reabsorption
65
aldosterone
released when BP decreases (via renin-angiotensin II) and increased K+ extracellular concentration
66
aldosterone + K+
increased extracellular K+ stimulates aldosterone secretion to prevent hyperkalemia which leads to cardiac arrhythmias increased plasma K+ --> increased aldosterone --> increased tubular K+ secretion in exchange for Na+

Physiology & Neurobiology 2275 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions