Exam 4: Questions Flashcards
Cold is sometimes used to help control bleeding. When using cold, the following guidelines and statements are true except:
A. it should be applied directly to the skin; it will not be effective if anything is between the cold agent and the wound.
B. it will reduce pain
C. it should not be used alone but rather in conjunction with other manual techniques
D. it should not be left in place for more than 20 minutes
A. it should be applied directly to the skin; it will not be effective if anything is between the cold agent and the wound.
Which of the following BEST describes the delivery of oxygen and nutrients at the body’s cellular level?
perfusion
Which of the following is a characteristic of arterial bleeding?
spurting under pressure
When deciding where to transport a patient who is in hypovolemic shock or who has the potential for developing hypovolemic shock, which of the following is the MOST important service to be provided by the receiving hospital?
Immediate surgical capabilities
Which of the following must be kept in mind when considering the severity of external bleeding?
Signs of shock do not appear until a large amount of blood has been lost.
Which of the following is NOT recommended when controlling epistaxis?
A. Having the patient tilt the head backward to elevate the nose
B. Placing the unconscious patient in the recovery position
C. Pinching the nostrils together
D. Keeping the patient calm and quiet
A. Having the patient tilt the head backward to elevate the nose
If you do not have a commercial tourniquet available, what common device found on the ambulance can be used as a substitute?
blood pressure cuff
Which of the following types of vessels have valves to maintain one-way blood flow?
veins
A 37-year-old male was hit by a trolley and his foot was almost severed. It is only connected by some skin and crushed bone. What should you do?
Apply a pressure dressing to control bleeding, stabilize the foot by splinting, apply oxygen, and transport as a priority patient.
According to the rule of nines for infants and young children, the patient’s head and neck account for what percentage of the total body surface area?
18%
An injury in which the epidermis remains intact, but blood vessels and cells in the dermis are injured, is called a(n):
contusion
Burns pose a greater risk to infants and children for which of the following reasons?
Pediatric patients have a greater risk of shock from the burn.
Which of the following is required in the management of all open soft-tissue injuries?
Use of Standard Precautions by the EMT
Which of the following is NOT considered soft tissue? A. cartilage B. the skin C. membranes D. muscles
cartilage
Which of the following is NOT a major function of the skin? A. Protection from the environment B. Temperature regulation C. excretion of wastes D. regulates the pH balance of the body
D. regulates the pH balance of the body
You are dispatched to the local elementary school for an injured student. Upon arrival you find that two 7-year-olds got into a fight and one of them jabbed a pencil in the other’s cheek. The pencil is still sticking out of the child’s cheek. When you examine the patient, you cannot see the end of the pencil that went through the cheek, as it appears to be stuck in the palate. There is not significant bleeding, and the child is not having any difficulty breathing. The child is very upset and wants you to pull the pencil out. What should you do?
Stabilize the object, but do not try to remove it.
Your patient is a 55-year-old male who was found in the parking lot behind a tavern. He states that he was assaulted and robbed by three individuals. He is complaining of being “hit in the face and kicked and punched in his ribs and stomach.” Your examination reveals contusions and swelling around both eyes, bleeding from the nose, a laceration of his upper lip, and multiple contusions of the chest, abdomen, and flanks. Which of the following should cause the greatest concern regarding the prehospital care of this patient?
Potential internal injuries
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding an electrical injury?
A. Patients with burns that appear insignificant are treated as having critical injuries.
B. Patients with electrical burns may be treated with the automated external defibrillator (AED) and CPR.
C. Treatment of a source burn is the same as for other thermal burns.
D. Injury is usually limited to the area around the source and ground burns.
D. Injury is usually limited to the area around the source and ground burns.
You are examining a 48-year-old patient who has been burned. You decide to use the rule of palm to measure the extent of the burn. What does this mean?
The palm of the patient’s hand equals about 1% of the body’s surface area.
Your patient is a 40-year-old male who has been exposed to a dry chemical powder and is complaining of severe pain on both of his hands, the site of the contact. He is working in an illegal chemical manufacturing plant and there is no decontamination shower on site. Which of the following would be the BEST way to manage this situation?
Brush away as much of the powder as possible and then have the patient hold his hands under running water from a faucet or regular garden hose.
Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the proper transport of an avulsed ear?
A. it should be kept as cool as possible
B. It should not be immersed in cooled water or saline.
C. It should be labeled with the patient’s name, as well as the date and time it was bagged.
D. It should be in a dry sterile dressing.
D. It should be in a dry sterile dressing.
A teenage male has fallen onto a railing while skateboarding. He complains of right- sided chest pain and moderate dyspnea. Exposure of the chest reveals a section of his ribs that is moving opposite of the rest of the ribs. You should:
begin positive pressure ventilation.
The pathophysiology of ________ is one in which the pericardial sac fills with blood to the point where the chambers of the heart no longer fill adequately, usually secondary to trauma.
cardiac tamponade
What is the correct terminology for a wound in which a vacuum has been created within the chest, drawing air into the thorax with each breath?
Sucking chest wound
What is the underlying cause of bluish or reddish facial discoloration following traumatic asphyxiation?
High pressure on the chest leads to blood being forced from the right atrium into the face and neck.
Which of the following is a vascular organ in the abdomen that can produce blood loss quickly enough to result in life-threatening hemorrhage following high mechanism of injury blunt trauma?
Liver
The chest cavity can hold up to ________ liter(s) of blood in an adult, leading to the possibility of massive internal hemorrhage without any external blood loss.
3
Which of the following is the least reliable sign for determining the presence of a tension pneumothorax?
A. Trachea that shifts to the side opposite of the injury
B. Signs and symptoms of shock
C. Shortness of breath
D. Distended neck veins
B. Signs and symptoms of shock
Which of the following patients is at greatest risk of respiratory failure and should be carefully monitored for ventilatory status throughout treatment and transport?
Tension pneumothorax
You are stabilizing a patient who has just been stabbed in the chest to the right of the mediastinum. After placing the patient on supplemental oxygen, his shortness of breath resolves. You also cover the wound with an occlusive dressing. The patient is asymptomatic at the time you’re making the decision to transport. Which of the following BEST encapsulates the correct strategy for transport?
Transport the patient emergently because of the high index of suspicion for a serious injury