Chapter 8: Life Span Development Flashcards
Infancy
a stage of life from birth to one year of age
infant heart rate
140-160 bpm
infant respiratory volume
7-8 mL/kg at birth to 10-15 mL/kg at 1 year
infant respiratory rate
40-60/ min (drops to 30-40 soon at birth)
infant systolic blood pressure
70 mmHg at birth to 90 mmHg at 1 year
4 infant physiological reflexes
moro, palmar, rooting, sucking
moro reflex
when startled, an infant throws his arms out, spreads his fingers, then grabs with his fingers and arms.
palmar reflex
when you place your finger in an infant’s palm, he will grasp it.
rooting reflex
when you touch a hungry infant’s cheek, he will turn his head toward the side touched.
sucking reflex
when you stroke a hungry infant’s lips, he will start sucking.
Infant: This is her sense that her needs will be met. When she is hungry, she is fed. When she needs to be held, she is.
bonding (within 1st 6 months)
infant: Jamie likes an orderly, predictable environment. When her environment is disorderly and irregular, she develops anxiety and insecurity
trust versus mistrust (within 1st 6 months)
infant: She learns by building on what she already knows.
scaffolding (within 1st 6 months)
infant’s reaction to their environment
temperament (within 1st 6 months)
Infant characteristics: 2 months
• Tracks objects with eyes • Recognizes familiar faces
Infant characteristics: 3 months
- Moves objects to mouth with hands
* Distinct facial expressions (smile, frown)
Infant characteristics: 4 months
- Drools without swallowing
* Begins to reach out to people
Infant characteristics: 5-7 months
• Teeth begin to appear
Infant characteristics: 6 months
- Sits upright in high chair
* Begins making one-syllable sounds
Infant characteristics: 7 months
- Fear of strangers
* Moods shift quickly (crying to laughing to crying)
Infant characteristics: 8 months
- Begins responding to word no • Can sit alone
* Can play peek-a-boo
Infant characteristics: 9 months
- Responds to adult anger
- Pulls self up to standing position
- Explores objects by mouthing, sucking, chewing, and biting
Infant characteristics: 10 months
• Pays attention to own name • Crawls well
Infant characteristics: 11 months
- Attempts to walk without assistance
* Begins to show frustration about restrictions
Infant characteristics: 12 months
- Walks with help
* Knows own name
Infant characteristics: 5 months
• Sleeps through the night without waking for feeding • Discriminates between family and strangers
toddler phase
stage of life from twelve to thirty- six months.
toddler weight gain
4.4 lbs per year
toddler heart rate
80-130 per minute
toddler respiratory rate
20-30 per minutes
toddler systolic blood pressure
70-100 mmHg
toddler cognitive development: 12 months
Begins to grasp that words “mean” something
toddler cognitive development: 18-24 months
Begins to understand cause and effect; Develops separation anxiety, shown by clinging and crying when a parent leaves
toddler cognitive development: 24-36 months
Begins developing “magical thinking” and engages in play-acting, such as playing house
toddler cognitive development: 3-4 years
Masters the basics of the language that will continue to be refined throughout childhood
toddler pulmonary system
Terminal airways branch and grow. Alveoli increase in number.
toddler nervous system
the brain is now 90 percent of adult brain weight. Fine-motor
skills develop.
toddler musculoskeletal system
Muscle mass and bone density increase.
toddler immune system
The toddler is more susceptible to illness. She develops immunity to pathogens as exposure occurs and through vaccination
toddler teeth
By thirty-six months of age, Jamie has all her primary teeth.
toddler temperature
96.8-99.6 F
toddler psychosocial development
Development of knowledge and thinking
preschool age
stage of life from three to five years.
preschool-age heart rate
80-120 bpm
preschool-age respiratory rate
20-30 minutes
preschool-age systolic blood pressure
80 - 110 mmHg
preschool-age psychosocial
peers offers opportunities for learning skills, comparing herself to others, and feeling part of a group.
school-age
stage of life from six to twelve years.
school-age weight gain
3 kg / year
school-age body temp
98.6
school-age heart rate
70-110 bpm
school-age respiratory rate
20-30 per minute
school-age systolic blood pressure
80-120 mmHg
school-age psychosocial
Self-esteem develops and may be affected by popularity with peers, rejection, emotional support, and neglect
early adult:
stage of life from nineteen to forty years
early adult psychosocial
Develop lifelong habits and routines
Peak physical condition occurs (26)
early adult heart rate
70 bpm
early adult respiratory rate
16-20 per minute
early adult blood pressure
120/80 mmHg
early adult psychosocial
Highest level of job stress occur
Love develops
Childbirth is most common
Accidents are the leading cause of death
middle-adult
stage of life from forty-one to sixty years.
middle-adult physiological
No significant changes in vital signs Cancer often develops Weight control becomes more difficult Menopause commences Heart disease is a major killer after 40
middle-adult psychosocial
Experiencing empty nest syndrome
Now wearing glasses
Concerned about caring for aging parents
late-adult
stage of life from sixty-one years and older.
late-adult physiological
Depends on her physical and health condition
Less tolerant to tachycardia
Respiratory system deteriorates
Decreased metabolism
late-adult psychosocial
Living environment: do they need help? how much?
Self-worth: concerned with producing quality work that benefits herself and others. Financial burdens: With limited income and increasing expenses, financial concerns weigh heavily on her decisions.
Death and dying: he sees friends and relatives become ill and die. Concerns of her own health condition and mortality often come to mind.
