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NUTR 406 > Exam 4: MNT for Cardiovascular Disease > Flashcards

Exam 4: MNT for Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the process of atherosclerosis

A

▪ Fatty streaks - WBC ingestion of
oxidized cholesterol
▪ Fibrous plaque - calcification of fatty
streaks
▪ Thrombus – blocks or restricts blood
flow

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2
Q

Recognize clinical manifestations of atherothrombotic disease

A
  • ischemic stroke
  • transient ischemic attack
  • myocardial infarction
  • angina pectoris (stable, unstable)
  • sudden death
  • intermittent claudication
  • critical limb ischemia, gangrene, necrosis
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3
Q

Identify risk factors for atherosclerosis

A
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4
Q

Identify risk factors for hypertension

A

 Atherosclerosis and related risk
factors
 Ethnicity

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5
Q

Identify risk factors for heart failure

A
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6
Q

Describe how hypertension is diagnosed

A
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7
Q

Describe how blood pressure is regulated

A

▪ SNS
- Short-term control
- raise BP: Norepinephrine – vasoconstrictor

▪ Kidney
▪ Long-term control
▪ Controls extracellular fluid volume
▪ Secretes renin

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8
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of heart failure

A
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9
Q

Describe the symptoms of heart failure

A
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10
Q

Medications to treat atherosclerosis

A
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11
Q

Medications to treat hypertension

A

▪ Diuretics: Lasix, Aldactone
▪ Beta-blockers: –olol drugs (vasodialation or constriction)
▪ ACE inhibitors: -pril drugs (block ACE prevent both sodium and water retension and vasoconstriction

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12
Q

Medications to treat heart failure

A
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13
Q

procedures to treat atherosclerosis

A
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14
Q

Procedures to treat hypertension

A
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15
Q

Procedures to treat heart failure

A
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16
Q

MNT for heart failure

A
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17
Q

MNT for hypertension

A

▪ Limit
- sodium contribute by increase blood volume (body retain more water) higher blood volume higher blood pressure
- alcohol in excess: raise BP, mechanism: heavy dirnking associated iwth inc levels of renin which stimulates cascades that lead to sodium and water retention, vasocontriction
▪ Consume adequate amounts
of
- omega 3 fatty acids: makes blood thinner, promote secretion of nitric oxide, promte vasodialation, antiinflammatory
- potassium: banana 400mg , potato, sweet potato, spinach, avocado, fruits and veg, dairy, legumes, DRI: 4700mg/day
- calcium dairy, dark leafy greens, tofu, non dairy milk
- magnesium: whole grains, dark chocolate, fish, nuts/seeds
both smooth muscle contraction and relaxation that can promote vasodialation
-

▪ Promote DASH diet, physical
activity, and weight loss

▪ Vitamin D: suppres renin
▪ Vitamins C and E: promote elasticity of blood vessles
▪ Coenzyme Q10: antiox, mitochondria, act as vasodialator
▪ Garlic
▪ Resveratrol - red wine or grape skin grape juice
- both inc nitric oxide production and vasodilation
▪ Beet extract^
▪ Hawthorn berry- vasodialation
▪ Hibiscus- diuretic and vasodialation

not recoomned take regular

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18
Q

MNT for hypertension

A
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19
Q

Describe the TLC

A
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20
Q

Describe the Mediterranean

A
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21
Q

Describe the DASH

A
  • lower blood pressure
  • limit oils, sweets
  • ftuit vegetbale at base bulk of diet
  • legumes nut and seed eat less
22
Q

Describe the low-fat vegan dietary patterns

A

▪ Reversal of CAD
▪ Decrease in blood pressure
▪ 10% of kcals from fat
▪ Allowed: fruits, veg, whole grains, legumes, flaxseeds for omega 3 and db12 suplement
▪ Not allowed:
meat, poultry, fish, siary products and eggs, refined rains, sugars fruit juice oil avocados nutes, olives

23
Q

Recognize nutrition therapy considerations in cardiac post trantplant patients

A
24
Q

What is Atherosclerosis

A

Injury to arterial wall
▪ Release of inflammatory cytokines
▪ Oxidation of LDL-c

25
Q

normal blood pressure is

A

<120/<80 mm Hg

26
Q

elevated: systolic is between _______ and _______ or diastolic is between _______

A

systolic between 120–
129 mm Hg

diastolic <80
mm Hg

27
Q

hypertension stage 1 is systolic between ____ and ____
139 mm Hg or diastolic between
_____ and _____ mm Hg

A

systolic between 130–
139 mm Hg or diastolic between
80-89 mm Hg

28
Q

hypertension stage 2 is systolic______
or diastolic ______

A

systolic ≥140 mm Hg
or diastolic ≥90 mm Hg

29
Q

Patient with hypertension is at an increased risk for

A

 Heart failure
 MI
 Stroke
 Renal disease

30
Q

UL for sodium

A

2,300mg

31
Q

EPA/DHA

A

omega 3 fatty acids

32
Q

food is good source of omega-3 if it contains at least ___________ per serving

A

Must contain at least 0.8 g
EPA/DHA per serving

33
Q

Dietary Guidelines for seafood

A

▪ 8 oz seafood/week
▪ ~250 mg/d (DHA/EPA)

34
Q

EPA/DHA Health Claim

A

Ability to reduce the risk of
hypertension and coronary
artery disease, as well as lower
blood pressure

35
Q

ACC/AHA Recommendations

A

Reduce calories from saturated fat to 5-6% of kcal: dietary guidelines say no more than 10%
* Reduce consumption of trans fat
* Decreasing dietary cholesterol not necessary
* Consume no more than 2,400 mg of sodium/day, no more than 1tsp of salt per day
* Eat appropriate calories for weight loss or maintenance
* Follow diet therapy for other diseases (e.g., diabetes)
* Emphasize fruit, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, fish, poultry, nuts, vegetable oils, low-fat dairy
* Antioxidant-rich foods, not supplements
* Limit intake of red meat
* Limit intake of sweets, especially sugar-sweetened beverages
* Limit added sugars to 25 g (6 tsp) per day for women, 37.5 g (9 tsp) per day for men
* Achieve though DASH diet or USDA MyPlate food pattern
* Moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise 40 minutes 3-4 x/week

36
Q

oilier fish has more ______ than lean fish

A

omega 3

37
Q

NCEP

A

national education cholesterol program

38
Q

Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (TLC) Dietary
Pattern recommends total fat

A

25-35%

less fat means ppl eat more refined CHO which can elevate triglycerides

39
Q

Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (TLC) Dietary
Pattern recommends saturated fat

A

<7% of kcals

40
Q

Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (TLC) Dietary
Pattern recommends trans fat

A

zero

41
Q

Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (TLC) Dietary
Pattern recommends PUFA fat

A

up to 10% kcals

42
Q

Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (TLC) Dietary
Pattern recommends MUFA fat

A

up to 20% kcals

43
Q

Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (TLC) Dietary
Pattern recommends CHO

A

50-60% of kcal

44
Q

Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (TLC) Dietary
Pattern recommends Fiber

A

25-30 g/d

45
Q

Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (TLC) Dietary
Pattern recommends soluble fiber

A

at least 10g/d

46
Q

Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (TLC) Dietary
Pattern recommends plant sterols )lower LDL)

A

2/gd

47
Q

Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (TLC) Dietary
Pattern recommends cholesterol

A

<200mg/d

48
Q

Pattern omega-3 sources

A
  • fish
  • flax
  • hemp
  • walnuts
49
Q

PUFA omega-6 sources

A
  • corn
  • soy
  • seed oils
50
Q

PUFA omega-3 are _________ while PUFA omega-6 are ______

A

anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory

51
Q

following a mediterrenena diet, a patient will most likely meet whihc guidelines?

A

Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (TLC) Dietary
Pattern

52
Q

every meal every day what limited

A

NUTR 406 (18 decks)

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