Exam 4: Mental Health

Question 1

• Invented or distorted words, or words with new and highly idiosyncratic meanings.
• Observed in schizophrenia, psychotic disorders, and aphasia.

Answer 1

Neologisms

Question 2

Social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

Answer 2

Avoidant

Question 3

Defective articulation

Answer 3

Dysarthria

Question 4

• Persistent repetition of words or ideas.
• Occurs in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.

Answer 4

Perseveration

Question 5

Submissive and clinging behavior related to an excessive need to be taken care of

Answer 5

Dependent

Question 6

Awareness that symptoms or disturbed behaviors are normal or abnormal; for example, distinguishing between daydreams and hallucinations that seem real.

Answer 6

Insight

Question 7

• Speech that is incomprehensible and illogical, with lack of meaningful connections, abrupt changes in topic, or disordered grammar or word use.
• Flight of ideas, when severe, may produce it.
• Seen in severe psychotic disturbances (usually schizophrenia).

Answer 7

Incoherence

Question 8

Is a disorder of language.

Has abnormalities of spontaneous speech:

• Hesitancies and gaps in the flow and rhythm of words
• Disturbed inflections, such as a monotone
• Circumlocutions, in which phrases or sentences are substituted for a word the person cannot think of, such as “what you write with” for “pen”
• Paraphasias, in which words are malformed (“I write with a den”), wrong (“I write with a bar”), or invented (“I write with a dar”).

Answer 8

Aphasia

Question 9

• The mildest thought disorder, consisting of speech with unnecessary detail, indirection, and delay in reaching the point.
• Some topics may have a meaningful connection.
• Many people without mental disorders have this.

Occurs in people with obsessions.

Answer 9

Circumstantiality

Question 10

• Repetition of the words and phrases of others.
• Occurs in manic episodes and schizophrenia.

Answer 10

Echolalia

Question 11

Assessed by vocabulary, fund of information, abstract thinking, calculations, construction of objects that have two or three dimensions

Answer 11

Higher cognitive functions

Question 12

Preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control

Answer 12

Obsessive– compulsive

Question 13

Excessive emotionality and attention seeking

Answer 13

Histrionic

Question 14

What are the 5 components of the mental health examination?

Answer 14

1. Appearance and behavior
2. Speech and language
3. Mood
4. Thoughts and perceptions
5. Cognitive function
   
   • Orientation, attention, memory, attention, and higher cognitive functions (information and vocab, calculations, abstract thinking, and constructional ability)

Question 15

A more pervasive and sustained emotion that colors the person’s perception of the world. (Affect is to __ as weather is to climate.)

May be euthymic (in the normal range), elevated, or dysphoric (unpleasant, possibly as sad, anxious, or irritable), for example.

Answer 15

Mood

Question 16

Sensory awareness of objects in the environment and their interrelationships (external stimuli); also refers to internal stimuli such as dreams or hallucinations.

Answer 16

Perceptions

Question 17

• Sudden interruption of speech in mid-sentence or before the idea is completed, attributed to “losing the thought.”
• Occurs in normal people.
• May be striking in schizophrenia.

Answer 17

Blocking

Question 18

Impaired volume, quality, or pitch of the voice

Answer 18

Dysphonia

Question 19

The logic, coherence, and relevance of the patient’s thought as it leads to selected goals; how people think

Answer 19

Thought processes

Question 20

Wernicke aphasia

Impaired comprehension with fluent speech

Answer 20

Receptive aphasia

Question 21

Awareness of personal identity, place, and time; requires both memory and attention

Answer 21

Orientation

Question 22

Persisting grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy

Answer 22

Narcissistic

Question 23

• Speech with choice of words based on sound, rather than meaning, as in rhyming and punning.
• Ex: “Look at my eyes and nose, wise eyes and rosy nose. Two to one, the ayes have it!”
• Occurs in schizophrenia and manic episodes.

Answer 23

Clanging

Question 24

Broca aphasia

Preserved comprehension and slow nonfluent speech

Answer 24

Expressive Aphasia

Question 25

A fluctuating pattern of observable behaviors that expresses subjective feelings or emotions through tone of voice, facial expression, and demeanor. Disturbed affect may be flat, blunted, labile, or inappropriate.

Answer 25

Affect

Question 26

* Fabrication of facts or events in response to questions, to fill in the gaps from impaired memory * Seen in **Korsakoff syndrome** from alcoholism.

Answer 26

Confabulation

Question 27

Accelerated louder speech is seen in what mental health disorder?

Answer 27

Mania

Question 28

Detachment from social relations with a restricted emotional range

Answer 28

Schizoid

Question 29

Eccentricities in behavior and cognitive distortions; acute discomfort in close relationships

Answer 29

Schizotypal

Question 30

Distrust and suspiciousness

Answer 30

Paranoid

Question 31

The process of registering or recording information, tested by asking for immediate repetition of material, followed by storage or retention of information. Recent or short-term covers minutes, hours, or days; remote or long-term refers to intervals of years.

Answer 31

Memory

Question 32

Instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image and affective regulation; impulsivity

Answer 32

Borderline

Question 33

Slow speech is seen in what mental health disorder?

Answer 33

Depression

Question 34

* An almost continuous flow of accelerated speech with abrupt changes from one topic to the next. * Changes are based on understandable associations, plays on words, or distracting stimuli, but ideas are not well connected. * Most frequently noted in **manic episodes**.

Answer 34

Flight of Ideas

Question 35

What the patient thinks about, including level of insight and judgment

Answer 35

Thought content

Question 36

A complex symbolic system for expressing, receiving, and comprehending words; as with consciousness, attention, and memory, it is essential for assessing other mental functions

Answer 36

Language

Question 37

Process of comparing and evaluating alternatives when deciding on a course of action; reflects values that may or may not be based on reality and social conventions or norms

Answer 37

Judgement

Question 38

* “Tangential” speech with shifting topics that are loosely connected or unrelated. * The patient is unaware of the lack of association. * Seen in **schizophrenia, manic episodes,** and **other psychotic disorders**.

Answer 38

Derailment (loosening of associations)

Question 39

Disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others

Answer 39

Antisocial

Question 40

The ability to focus or concentrate over time on a particular stimulus or activity—an inattentive person is easily distractible and may have difficulty giving a history or responding to questions.

Answer 40

Attention