Exam 1: Growth & Development

Question 1

What are the 4 principles of growth and development?

Answer 1

1- Child development proceeds along a predictable pathway.
2- The range of normal development is wide.
3- Various physical, social, and environmental factors, as well as diseases, can affect a child development and health.
4- The child developmental level affects how you conduct the history and physical examination.

Question 2

What are the five critical domains of development?

Answer 2

1- Gross motor 
2- Fine motor 
3- Cognitive (or problem-solving) 
4- Communication 
5- Personal social domains of development

Question 3

Growth: who needs further evaluation?

• Variations beyond ____ standard deviations for age.
• Children above the ___ percentile or below the ___ percentile.
• Reduced growth velocity, shown by a drop in ____ percentile on a growth curve.
• Drop >____ quartiles in ____ months.
• Weight for length >\

Answer 3

• Variations beyond 2 standard deviations for age.
• Children above the 95th percentile or below the 5th percentile.
• Reduced growth velocity, shown by a drop in height percentile on a growth curve.
• Drop >2 quartiles in 6 months.
• Weight for length <5th percentile.
• Head circumference above the 95th percentile or below the 5th percentile.

Question 4

What are the risk for preterm/ late preterm?

Answer 4

Preterm infants are at risk for both short-term complications (mainly respiratory and cardiovascular) and long-term sequelae (Neurodevelopmental).

Question 5

What are post term infants at increased risk for?

Answer 5

Perinatal mortality or morbidity such as asphyxia and meconium aspiration

Question 6

what is the Apgar score? what are its five components? How do you score it?

Answer 6

It classifies the newborns neurologic recovery from the stress of birth and immediate adaptation to extrauterine life.

Heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color

Each component is rated on a 3-point scale (0, 1, or 2) and is scored at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.

Question 7

How do you classify newborns?

Answer 7

According to their gestational age of maturity and birth weight.

Question 8

Preterm AGA infants are more prone to what?

Answer 8

Respiratory distress syndrome, apnea, PDA with left to right shunt, and infection.

Question 9

Preterm SGA infants are more likely to experience what?

Answer 9

Asphyxia, hypoglycemia, and hypocalcemia.

Question 10

LGA infants are prone to what complications?

Answer 10

Hypoglycemia which can result in jitteriness, irritability, and cyanosis; difficult birth/ birth injury

Question 11

Neurologic development progresses ____ to _____.

Answer 11

Centrally to peripherally

Question 12

What would you consider if you cannot distract the infant or engage the awake infant with an object, your face, or a sound?

Answer 12

A possible visual or hearing deficit

Question 13

At what point in the appointment can you best measure the infants milestones?

Answer 13

At the end of the interview, just before the examination