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Phys > Exam 4: Lecture 55: Salivary and Gastric Secretions > Flashcards

Exam 4: Lecture 55: Salivary and Gastric Secretions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of saliva?

A

Initial digestion
Dilution and buffering
Lubrication with mucus
Oral hygiene
Evaporative cooling in dogs

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2
Q

What are the three major salivary glands?

A
  • Parotid
  • Submandibular
  • Sublingual
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3
Q

Which salivary gland(s) contain serous cells and secrete aqueous fluid?

A

Parotid

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4
Q

Which salivary gland(s) are mixed with serous and mucous cells?

A

Sublingual and submandibular

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5
Q

What type of cells produce initial saliva?

A

Acinar cells

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6
Q

The initial saliva then passes through _________________ duct, then the __________________ duct.

A

Intercalated; striated

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7
Q

Within the acinar and ductal cells, which nervous system is usually dominant?

A

PSNS

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8
Q

What is the general composition of saliva?

A

water, electrolytes, amylase, lingual lipase, kallikrein, and mucus

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9
Q

What is kallikrein?

A

an enzyme that helps regulate local vasodilation associated with secretions

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10
Q

Salival is ___________ compared to plasma

A

hypotonic

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11
Q

What is the two steps in the saliva formation process?

A
  • formation of isotonic solution by acinar cells
  • modification of solution by ductal cells to become hypotonic
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12
Q

Within a salivary ductal cell, which ions are secreted into the saliva (lumen)?

A

HCO3- and K+

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13
Q

In a salivary ductal cell, which ions are absorbed into the blood?

A

Na+ and Cl-

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14
Q

T/F: Ductal cells are impermeable to water.

A

True

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15
Q

Which species are the only ones where their acinar cells secrete alpha -amylase?

A

pigs and humans

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16
Q

At high flow rates the final saliva resembles (saliva/plasma).

A

Plasma

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17
Q

At low flow rates the final saliva resembles (saliva/plasma).

A

Saliva

18
Q

The final composition of saliva depends on what?

A

Contact time with ductal cells

19
Q

Which ion concentration is lowest at low flow rates and highest at high flow rates?

A

HCO3-

20
Q

T/F: salivary secretion is under both neuronal and hormonal control

A

False - it is exclusively under neuronal control.

21
Q

Salivary secretion is stimulated by what nervous system(s)?

A

BOTH parasympathetic and sympathetic

22
Q

The postganglionic PSNS neurons release Ach, which causes what in the salivary glands?

A

increase in volume and enzymes in saliva

23
Q

Ach acts on what receptors and cells in the salivary glands?

A

Muscarinic receptors on acinar and ductal cells

24
Q

The SNS postganglionic neurons release NE and has what effect on salivary glands?

A

Increase secretions

25
Q

NE acts on what receptors in the salivary glands?

A

beta-adrenergic

26
Q

What are the components of gastric juice?

A

HCL, pepsinogen, intrinsic factor, and mucus

27
Q

What substance is vitally important for the absorption of vitamin B12?

A

Intrinsic factor

28
Q

In the body of the stomach, what are the secretory glands?

A

Oxyntic glands

29
Q

From the oxyntic glands, what type of cells secrete mucus?

A

Mucous neck cells

30
Q

From the oxyntic glands, what type of cells secrete HCL and intrinsic factor?

A

Parietal cells

31
Q

From the oxyntic glands, what type of cells secrete pepsinogen?

A

Chief cells

32
Q

What secretory glands are in the antrum of the stomach?

A

Pyloric glands

33
Q

What type of cells in the pyloric glands secrete gastrin?

A

G cells

34
Q

Which ion is responsible for the ‘alkaline tide’ in gastric venous blood after a meal?

A

absorbed HCO3-

35
Q

What are the three substances that stimulate H+ secretion?

A
  • Histamine (paracrine)
  • Ach (neurocrine)
  • Gastrin (hormone)
36
Q

Histamine is released from what type of cells?

A

ECL cells in gastric mucosa

37
Q

Ach is released from ________________ innervating gastric mucosa.

A

vagus nerves

38
Q

Gastrin is released by what type of cells?

A

G cells in stomach antrium

39
Q

Interaction of histamine with either Ach or gastrin is called what?

A

Potentiation

40
Q

T/F: Ach and gastrin have no interaction with histamine secretion

A

False - Ach and gastrin both stimulate ECL cells to release histamine

41
Q

______________ gives the strongest response to stimulate H+

A

Potentiation

Phys (13 decks)

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