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Phys > Exam 4: Lecture 52: Structure innervation of the GIT > Flashcards

Exam 4: Lecture 52: Structure innervation of the GIT Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the GIT?

A

Digestion and absorption of nutrients

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2
Q

What are the four activities used to accomplish digestion and absorption?

A
  • Motility
  • Secretions
  • Digestion
  • Nutrients absorbed
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3
Q

List the correct sequence of the monogastric GIT:
A. Large intestine
B. Mouth
C. Anus
D. Esophagus
E. Small intestine

A

B, D, E, A, C

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4
Q

What are the support structures of the GIT?

A

Salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder

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5
Q

What is produced in the salivary glands to help support the GIT?

A

Some enzymes, lubrication, and buffering

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6
Q

The pancreas produces ____________ and ______________ to aid in the GIT.

A

enzymes and bicarbonate

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7
Q

What is meant by the liver being “first-pass” metabolism?

A

the liver receives all nutrients via portal v. before anything goes into peripheral circulation.

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8
Q

What are the two surfaces of the GIT wall?

A

Mucosal
Serosal

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9
Q

List the layers of the GIT wall going from the lumen outwards.

A
  • Mucosal layer
  • Submucosal layer
  • Two layers of smooth muscle
  • Serosal layer
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10
Q

What are the three types of cells in the mucosal layer?

A

Epithelial cells
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

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11
Q

Which layer of the GI wall has collagen, elastin, glands, and blood vessels?

A

Submucosal layer

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12
Q

Which layer of smooth muscle is thicker and has more nerves?

A

Circular muscle

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13
Q

What are the two types of ganglia in the GIT?

A
  • Submucosal (Meissner’s) plexus
  • Myenteric (Auerbacfis) plexus
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14
Q

Sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation is (Intrinsic/Extrinsic) component of the GIT nervous system.

A

Extrinsic

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15
Q

Where is the intrinsic component of the GIT nervous system located?

A

Starts in esophagus and extends to anus

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16
Q

T/F: Enteric can operate independent of brain and spinal cord.

A

True

17
Q

How does the enteric nervous system control the functions of the GIT without the extrinsic system?

A

Short reflex arcs - enteric system can sense and respond quickly to digestive stimuli

18
Q

The ganglia of myenteric and submucosal plexus can receive input from what?

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic systems, and sensory information from receptors in mucosa.

19
Q

The sensory receptors in the GI wall respond to what stimuli?

A

wall stretch, changes in nutrient concentrations, osmolarity, pH, and irritation in mucosa

20
Q

What is the main action of neuromodulators?

A

Modulate activity of neurotransmitters

21
Q

T/F: Neuromodulators are usually secreted after neurotransmitters.

A

False - they are secreted at the same time

22
Q

What are the two ways that neuromodulators effect neurotransmitters?

A
  • They can act to increase/decrease the amount of NT released
  • They can act to modify the response of the post-synaptic cell
23
Q

The parasympathetic innervation of the GIT is supplied by which nerves?

A

Vagus and pelvic nerves

24
Q

Which structures of the GIT are innervated by the vagus nerve?

A

Upper GIT - striated muscle in upper 1/3 of esophagus, wall of stomach, SI, and ascending colon

25
Q

Which structures of the GIT are innervated by the pelvic nerve?

A

Lower GIT - striated muscle of external anal canal and wall of colon

26
Q

What are the two types of postganglionic neurons of the GIT PNS?

A

Cholinergic or peptidergic

27
Q

What NT is released by cholinergic neurons?

A

AcH

28
Q

What is released from peptidergic neurons?

A

Substance P, vasoactive inhibitory peptide

29
Q

What is the vagovagal reflexes?

A

Reflexes in which both afferent and efferent limbs are contained int he vagus nerve

30
Q

Afferent fibers in the vagus n. deliver sensory info from _____________ to ________________?

A

Periphery receptors in GIT wall; CNS

31
Q

Efferent fibers in vagus n. deliver motor info from ____________ to __________________.

A

CNS; Target tissues - smooth muscle, secretory, and endocrine cells

32
Q

T/F: SNS preganglionic fibers synapse outside of the GIT.

A

True

33
Q

What are the four sympathetic gangia in the GIT?

A

Celiac, cranial mesenteric, caudal mesenteric, and hypogastric

34
Q

Which two ganglia form the celiacomesenterical?

A

Celiac and cranial mesenteric

35
Q

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are examples of what?

A

Neurotransmitters

36
Q

List some examples of neuromodulators.

A
  • vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
  • gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) or bombesin
  • enkephalins (opiates)
  • neuropeptide Y
  • substance P

Phys (13 decks)

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