Exam 4 (JBL Quizzes)

Question 1

Kussmaul respirations are an indication that the body is:

A) Compensating for decreased blood glucose levels
B) Trying to generate energy by breathing deeply
C) Severely hypoxic and eliminating excess CO2
D) Attempting to eliminate acids from the blood

Answer 1

D) Attempting to eliminate acids from the blood

Question 2

Signs of absorbed poison exposure include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) Severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
B) Burns, itching, or irritation to the skin
C) Redness of skin in light-skinned people
D) Liquid or powder on a patient’s skin

Answer 2

A) Severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

Question 3

Injury to a hollow abdominal organ would MOST likely result in:

A) Profound shock due to severe internal bleeding
B) Pain secondary to blood in the peritoneum
C) Impairment in the blood’s clotting abilities
D) Leakage of contents into the abdominal cavity

Answer 3

D) Leakage of contents into the abdominal cavity

Question 4

An overdose of acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, will MOST likely cause:

A) Acute kidney failure
B) Bleeding gastric ulcers
C) Central nervous system depression
D) Liver damage and failure

Answer 4

D) Liver damage and failure

Question 5

Injuries to the vagina and external genitalia are serious because:

A) Most injuries to these areas are unnoticed by the patient
B) These areas are rich with blood vessels and nerves
C) Severe infection occurs in nearly all cases of external injury
D) External injury is always associated with internal injury

Answer 5

B) These areas are rich with blood vessels and nerves

Question 6

When assessing a patient who is displaying bizarre behavior, the EMT should:

A) Check his or her blood glucose level only if he or she has a history of diabetes
B) Consider that an acute medical illness may be causing the patient’s behavior
C) Avoid asking questions about suicide because this may give the patient ideas
D) Carefully document his or her perception of what is causing the patient’s behavior

Answer 6

B) Consider that an acute medical illness may be causing the patient’s behavior

Question 7

In contrast to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes:

A) Occurs when antibodies attack insulin-producing cells
B) Is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level
C) Is commonly diagnosed in children and young adults
D) Is caused by a complete lack of insulin in the body

Answer 7

B) Is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level

Question 8

The left cerebral hemisphere controls:

A) Heart rate and pupil reaction
B) Breathing and blood pressure
C) The right side of the face
D) The right side of the body

Answer 8

D) The right side of the body

Question 9

Delirium tremens (DT) is a syndrome associated with withdrawal from:

A) Opioids
B) Sedatives
C) Cocaine
D) Alcohol

Answer 9

D) Alcohol

Question 10

You are transporting a 49-year old male with “tearing” abdominal pain. You are approximately 30 miles away from the closest hospital. During your reassessment, you determine that the patient’s condition has deteriorated significantly. You should:

A) Immediate perform a rapid physical examination
B) Assist his ventilations with a bag-valve mask
C) Consider requesting a rendezvous with an ALS unit
D) Continue transporting and alert the receiving hospital

Answer 10

C) Consider requesting a rendezvous with an ALS unit

Question 11

The outermost cavity of a woman’s reproductive system, which forms the lowest part of the birth canal, is called the:

A) Uterus
B) Vagina
C) Cervix
D) Perineum

Answer 11

B) Vagina

Question 12

Most patients who die of anaphylaxis do so within the first ___ minutes following exposure.

A) 5
B) 30
C) 90
D) 60

Answer 12

B) 30

Question 13

Which of the following findings should make the EMT especially suspicious that a woman was sexually assaulted?

A) Inability to remember the event
B) The odor of alcohol on her breath
C) Signs of shock on assessment
D) A prescription for alprazolam (Xanax)

Answer 13

A) Inability to remember the event

Question 14

In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum:

A) Lines the walls of the abdominal cavity and is stimulated when the solid abdominal organs contract
B) Is supplied by the same nerves from the spinal cord that supply the skin of the abdomen
C) Is less likely to become inflamed or infected because it lines the abdominal organs themselves
D) Is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation

Answer 14

D) Is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation

Question 15

A 24-year old woman complains of an ache in her abdomen that gets worse when she walks. She has a fever and chills and tells you that it burns when she urinates. Which of the following should you suspect?

A) Gonorrhea
B) Ectopic pregnancy
C) Pelvic inflammatory disease
D) Chlamydia

Answer 15

C) Pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 16

Which of the following drugs is NOT a sedative-hypnotic?

A) Secobarbital (Seconal)
B) Diazepam (Valium)
C) Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)
D) Oxycodone (Percocet)

Answer 16

D) Oxycodone (Percocet)

Question 17

When caring for a patient experiencing excited delirium, the EMT should remember that:

A) Most patients will have low blood pressure and hyperglycemia
B) Excited delirium is worsened by nervous system depressant drugs
C) Sudden death can occur if the patient’s violence is not controlled
D) Lights and siren are effective in redirecting the patient’s behavior

Answer 17

C) Sudden death can occur if the patient’s violence is not controlled

Question 18

During your assessment of a 70-year old woman, she tells you that she takes blood-thinning medication and has to wear compression stockings around her legs. This information should make you suspect that she has:

A) Deep vein thrombosis
B) Severe hyperglycemia
C) Hemophilia
D) Sickle cell disease

Answer 18

A) Deep vein thrombosis

Question 19

When you are obtaining medical history from the family of a suspected stroke patient, it is MOST important to determine:

A) When the patient last appeared normal
B) If the patient has been hospitalized before
C) The patient’s overall medication compliance
D) If there is a family history of stroke

Answer 19

A) When the patient last appeared normal

Question 20

An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:

A) Give 100% oxygen only if signs of shock are present
B) Provide emotional support en route to the hospital
C) Encourage the patient to remain in a supine position
D) Administer analgesic medications to alleviate pain

Answer 20

B) Provide emotional support en route to the hospital

Question 21

The most common presenting sign of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is:

A) Nausea
B) Generalized lower abdominal pain
C) Vomiting
D) Foul-smelling vaginal discharge

Answer 21

B) Generalized lower abdominal pain

Question 22

The frontal lobe of the brain controls:

A) Touch
B) Emotion
C) Vision
D) Movement

Answer 22

B) Emotion

Question 23

When transporting a stable stroke patient with a paralyzed extremity, place the patient in a:

A) Supine position with the legs elevated 6” to 12”
B) Sitting position with head at a 45 to 90 degree angle
C) Recumbent position with the paralyzed side up
D) Recumbent position with the paralyzed side down

Answer 23

D) Recumbent position with the paralyzed side down

Question 24

Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct?

A) The purpose of dialysis is to help the kidneys retain salt and water
B) Hemodialysis is effective but carries a high risk of peritonitis
C) Acute hypertension is a common adverse effect of dialysis
D) Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness

Answer 24

D) Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness

Question 25

In contrast to a behavioral crisis, a behavioral health emergency occurs when a person:

A) Becomes agitated or violent and is a threat to him- or herself or others
B) Experiences feelings of sadness and despair for longer than a month
C) Experiences a sudden attack of panic secondary to a stressful situation
D) Exhibits impaired functioning due to a chemical or genetic disturbance

Answer 25

A) Becomes agitated or violent and is a threat to him- or herself or others

Question 26

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when:

A) A small clot in a cerebral artery causes temporary symptoms
B) Signs and symptoms resolves spontaneously within 48 hours
C) A small cerebral artery ruptures and causes minimal damage
D) Medications are given to dissolve a cerebral blood clot

Answer 26

A) A small clot in a cerebral artery causes temporary symptoms

Question 27

Common signs and symptoms of severe hyperglycemia include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A) Cool, clammy skin
B) Rapid, thready pulse
C) Acetone breath odor
D) Warm, dry skin

Answer 27

A) Cool, clammy skin

Question 28

Functions of the liver include:

A) Secretion of bile and filtration of toxic substances
B) Release of amylase, which breaks down starches into sugar
C) Absorption of nutrients and toxins
D) Production of hormones that regulate blood sugar levels

Answer 28

A) Secretion of bile and filtration of toxic substances

Question 29

Successful treatment of a stroke depends on whether:

A) Surgical intervention is performed to remove obstructive clots
B) The stroke occurs within the left or right hemisphere of the brain
C) Medications are given to restore the function of infarcted cells
D) Thrombolytic therapy is given within 3 hours of symptoms beginning

Answer 29

D) Thrombolytic therapy is given within 3 hours of symptoms beginning

Question 30

During your assessment of a 30-year old woman with abdominal pain, she tells you that she has been experiencing vaginal bleeding. Her vital signs are stable, and there are no signs of shock. What should you do?

A) Position her supine, elevate her legs, and keep her warm
B) Carefully pack her vagina with a sterile multi-trauma dressing
C) Defer the vaginal examination until she is at the hospital
D) Visualize her vaginal area to assess the degree of bleeding

Answer 30

C) Defer the vaginal examination until she is at the hospital

Question 31

A 19-year old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants. She states that she is allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. The patient is conscious and alert and complains of pain to the area of the bites. Her blood pressure is 122/70 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and strong, and her respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. You should:

A) Administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital
B) Advise her to see her physician as soon as possible
C) Request a paramedic unit to administer epinephrine
D) Position her legs well above the level of her heart

Answer 31

A) Administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital

Question 32

During your assessment of a 19-year old male, you are told that he is being treated with Factor VIII. This indicates that:

A) He has thrombophilia
B) He has a thrombosis
C) His blood clots too quickly
D) He has hemophilia A

Answer 32

D) He has hemophilia A

Question 33

Older patients with abdominal problems may not exhibit the same pain response as younger patients because of:

A) Progressive deterioration of abdominal organ function
B) Interactions of the numerous medications they take
C) Chronic dementia, which inhibits communication
D) Age-related deterioration of their sensory systems

Answer 33

D) Age-related deterioration of their sensory systems

Question 34

A construction worker complains of intense pain after a bag of dry powder was spilled on his arm. The EMT should:

A) Brush the chemical from his arm and cover it with a sterile dressing
B) Immediately flush the skin with clean water for 15 to 20 minutes
C) Brush the chemical from his arm and then flush the skin with water
D) Cover the exposed area with a sterile dressing and elevate his arm

Answer 34

C) Brush the chemical from his arm and then flush the skin with water

Question 35

A man with a prolonged history of alcohol abuse fell from a second-story balcony. His blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg, his heart rate is 120 beats/min, and his skin is cool and pale. When caring for this patient, the EMT should recall that:

A) Reduced blood clotting worsens internal bleeding
B) Patients with alcoholism are prone to hyperthermia
C) Alcohol is a stimulant, which likely caused his fall
D) Patients with alcoholism are prone to hyperglycemia

Answer 35

A) Reduced blood clotting worsens internal bleeding

Question 36

Assessment of a patient with hypoglycemia will MOST likely reveal:

A) Sunken eyes
B) Hyperactivity
C) Warm, dry skin
D) Combativeness

Answer 36

D) Combativeness

Question 37

You respond to the residence of a 55-year old woman with a possible allergic reaction to peanuts that she ate approximately 30 minutes ago. The patient is conscious and alert, but has diffuse urticaria and the feeling that she has a lump in her throat. As your partner applies oxygen to the patient, you should:

A) Ask her if she has prescribed epinephrine
B) Ask her when her last allergic reaction occurred
C) Ascertain if she has a family history of allergies
D) Obtain a complete set of baseline vital signs

Answer 37

A) Ask her if she has prescribed epinephrine

Question 38

It is MOST important for the EMT to remember that suicidal patients may:

A) Be self-destructive
B) Be homicidal as well
C) Inject illicit drugs
D) Have a definitive plan

Answer 38

B) Be homicidal as well

Question 39

Which of the following medications would indicate that a patient has a history of seizures?

A) Metformin (Glucophage)
B) Levetiracetam (Keppra)
C) Enalapril (Vasotec)
D) Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)

Answer 39

B) Levetiracetam (Keppra)

Question 40

Which of the following statements regarding pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is correct?

A) PID is a life-threatening condition that is associated with shock
B) PID is an infection of the lower female reproductive organs
C) The majority of women with PID never develop systems
D) Untreated PID can lead to an ectopic pregnancy or abscess

Answer 40

D) Untreated PID can lead to an ectopic pregnancy or abscess

Question 41

The principal clinical difference between a stroke and hypoglycemia is that patients with hypoglycemia:

A) Do not present with slurred speech or weakness to one side of the body
B) Are typically alert and attempt to communicate with healthcare providers
C) Always take oral medications to maintain normal blood glucose levels
D) Usually have an altered mental status or decreased level of consciousness

Answer 41

D) Usually have an altered mental status or decreased level of consciousness

Question 42

You are caring for a 70-year old female with signs and symptoms of an acute stroke. She is conscious, has secretions in her mouth, is breathing at a normal rate with adequate depth, and has an oxygen saturation of 96%. You should:

A) Insert an oral airway, apply oxygen, and transport
B) Suction her oropharynx and transport immediately
C) Administer one tube of oral glucose and transport
D) Assist her ventilations with a bag-valve mask

Answer 42

B) Suction her oropharynx and transport immediately

Question 43

The most frequently used date rape drug is:

A) Ketamine
B) Ecstasy
C) Xanax
D) Alcohol

Answer 43

D) Alcohol

Question 44

The EMT should assess for hypoglycemia in small children with a severe illness or injury because:

A) Illness or injury causes the pancreas to produce less insulin
B) Children cannot store excess glucose as effectively as adults
C) A child’s cells do not uptake glucose as rapidly as adults’ do
D) Children overproduce insulin during severe illness or injury

Answer 44

B) Children cannot store excess glucose as effectively as adults

Question 45

Glipizide, a non-insulin type medication, is another name for:

A) Diabinese
B) Glucophage
C) Micronase
D) Glucotrol

Answer 45

D) Glucotrol

Question 46

The mental status of a patient who has experienced a generalized seizure:

A) Progressively worsens over a period of a few hours
B) Typically does not improve, even after several minutes
C) Is likely to improve over a period of 5-30 minutes
D) Is easily differentiated from that of acute hypoglycemia

Answer 46

C) Is likely to improve over a period of 5-30 minutes

Question 47

Injury to the labia would most likely occur following:

A) Sexual abuse
B) A motor-vehicle crash
C) Strenuous exercise
D) A significant fall

Answer 47

A) Sexual abuse

Question 48

A 73-year old man presents with a generalized rash, which he thinks may have been caused by an antibiotic that he recently began taking. He has a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and emphysema. He is conscious and alert, his blood pressure is 144/94 mm Hg, and his pulse is 64 beats/min and regular. You auscultate his breath sounds and hear scattered wheezing, although he is not experiencing respiratory distress. You should:

A) Administer oxygen if needed, transport the patient, and monitor him for signs of deterioration
B) Begin transport and request to administer epinephrine if his systolic blood pressure drops below 110 mm Hg
C) Avoid the use of epinephrine because of his cardiac history, even if his symptoms become severe
D) Ask him if he has epinephrine and request approval from medical control to administer it to the patient

Answer 48

A) Administer oxygen if needed, transport the patient, and monitor him for signs of deterioration

Question 49

You receive a call for a domestic dispute. When you arrive at the scene, you find a young male standing on the front porch of his house. You notice that an adjacent window is broken. The patient has a large body, is clenching his fists, and is yelling obscenities at you. Which of the following findings is LEAST predictive of this patient’s potential for violence?

A) His shouting of obscenities
B) His large body size
C) The broken window
D) His clenched fists

Answer 49

B) His large body size

Question 50

Which of the following statements regarding inhaled poisons is correct?

A) Burns around the eyes are the most common indication of an inhalation poisoning
B) Lung damage might progress after the patient is removed from the environment
C) Chlorine is a colorless and odorless gas that causes hypoxia and pulmonary edema
D) Carbon monoxide is very irritating to the upper airway and might cause swelling

Answer 50

B) Lung damage might progress after the patient is removed from the environment

Question 51

The MOST important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock is:

A) Transporting the patient without delay
B) Giving oral fluids to maintain perfusion
C) Positioning the patient on his or her side
D) Administering high-flow oxygen

Answer 51

A) Transporting the patient without delay

Question 52

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?

A) The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen
B) Most cells will function normally without glucose
C) The brain requires insulin to allow glucose to enter the cells
D) Blood glucose levels decrease in the absence of insulin

Answer 52

A) The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen

Question 53

Atropine sulfate and pralidoxime chloride are antidotes for:

A) Nerve gas agents
B) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
C) Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
D) Anticholinergic drugs

Answer 53

A) Nerve gas agents

Question 54

Pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis might have:

A) Hypertension later in life
B) Secondary cervical cancer
C) Low birth weight babies
D) Babies that deliver after 42 weeks

Answer 54

C) Low birth weight babies

Question 55

It is MOST important to determine a patient’s weight when asking questions pertaining to a toxic ingestion because:

A) Naloxone is contraindicated if the patient is very obese
B) This will allow you to determine if the exposure if lethal
C) Activated charcoal is given based on a patient’s weight
D) You might need additional lifting and moving assistance

Answer 55

C) Activated charcoal is given based on a patient’s weight

Question 56

A 59-year old male presents with sudden-onset severe lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should:

A) Request a paramedic unit to give the patient pain medication
B) Place the patient in a sitting position and transport at once
C) Vigorously palpate the abdomen to establish pain severity
D) Administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport

Answer 56

D) Administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport

Question 57

Which of the following statements regarding epinephrine administration via the intramuscular (IM) route is correct?

A) The maximum single adult does is 0.15 mg
B) The 1:1000 concentration should be used
C) The IM route should not be used in children
D) The preferred injection site is the upper arm

Answer 57

B) The 1:1000 concentration should be used

Question 58

When caring for a known alcoholic patient with severe trauma to the chest and abdomen, you should be concerned that:

A) Signs and symptoms of shock might be masked by the stimulant effects produced by alcohol
B) Internal bleeding might be profuse because prolonged alcohol abuse might impair the blood’s ability to clot
C) Long-bone fractures are likely because chronic alcohol consumption weakens the structure of the bones
D) Delirium tremens (DT) are commonly induced by physical trauma and can lead to life-threatening seizures

Answer 58

B) Internal bleeding might be profuse because prolonged alcohol abuse might impair the blood’s ability to clot

Question 59

Anaphylaxis is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

A) Extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems
B) Allergic reaction that causes bronchodilation and vasoconstriction
C) Severe allergic reaction that typically resolves without treatment
D) Moderate allergic reaction that primarily affects the vasculature

Answer 59

A) Extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems

Question 60

Common side effects of epinephrine include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Headache
B) Tachycardia
C) Dizziness
D) Drowsiness

Answer 60

D) Drowsiness

Question 61

In the presence of ileus, the only way the stomach can empty itself is by:

A) Muscular contraction
B) Diarrhea
C) Vomiting
D) Spontaneous rupture

Answer 61

C) Vomiting

Question 62

A 37-year old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days’ duration. Her blood glucose level reads 320 mg/dL. If this patient’s condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop:

A) Hypoxia and overhydration
B) Irreversible renal failure
C) Severe insulin shock
D) Acidosis and dehydration

Answer 62

D) Acidosis and dehydration