Exam 4 Drugs Flashcards
What type of drug is prednisone?
Anti-inflammatory agent: Glucocorticoids
What type of drug is Zafirlukast?
Anti-inflammatory agent: Leukotriene Modifiers
What type of drug is Cromolyn?
Anti-inflammatory agent: Mast Cell Stabilizers
What type of drug is albuterol?
Bronchodilators: Beta2 agonists
What type of drug is Theophylline?
Bronchodilators: Methylxanthines
What type of drug is Atrovent?
Bronchodilators: Anticholinergics
What type of drug is Budesonide (Plumicort)?
Anti inflammatory drugs: Glucocorticoids
What type of drug is Fluticasone (Flovent)?
Anti inflammatory drugs: Glucocorticoids
Most effective anti-asthma drugs available for long term use
Glucocorticoids
Function of glucocorticoids
Reduce airway mucous production
Increase number of bronchial beta2 receptors
Increase beta2 receptor responsiveness to beta2 antagonists
How are glucocorticoids administered
Usually inhalation
IV for acute conditions
PO for long term preventative use
Mechanism of action of glucocorticoids
Suppress inflammation:
- Decrease synthesis/production & release of inflammatory mediators
- Decrease infiltration & activity of inflammatory cells
- Decrease edema of the airway mucosa
What are glucocorticoids used for?
Prophylaxis of chronic asthma and managing COPD
What should dosing of glucocorticoids be like?
Must be on a fixed schedule, not PRN
Adverse effects of PO glucocorticoids
Adverse effects are minor when taken acutely
Long term effects:
- Adrenal suppression
- Osteoporosis
- Hyperglycemia
- PUD
Adverse effects of inhaled glucocorticoids
If pt does not gargle after use:
- Oropharyngeal candidiasis
- Dysphonia hoarseness
Promotion of bone loss
Increased risk of cataracts
Increased risk of glaucoma
In children/adolescents: can slow growth
Action of leukotriene modifiers
Suppress effects of leukotrienes
(to prevent process of bronchoconstriction and inflammatory responses - such as edema and mucous secretion)
Most commonly used leukotriene modifier
*Montelukast (Singulair)
Other types of leukotriene modifiers
Zileuton (Zyflo)
Zafirlukast (Accolate)
Adverse effects of leukotriene modifiers
Neuropsychiatric effects:
- Depression
- Suicidal thinking
- Suicidal behavior
Most common type of mast cell stabilizer
Cromolyn
What is Cromolyn used for?
Prophylaxis, not quick relief of:
- Chronic asthma
- Exercise-induced bronchospasm
- Allergic rhinitis
Action of Cromolyn
*Suppresses bronchial inflammation (not a bronchodilator)
Routes for Cromolyn
Inhalation
Nebulizer
MDI
Adverse effects of Cromolyn
Cough
Bronchospasm
Safest of all anti asthma medications
Cromolyn
Used for symptomatic relief of asthma or COPD flare ups
Bronchodilators
Types of beta2 adrenergic agonist bronchodilators
Albuterol
Salmeterol
Terbutaline
What are beta2 adrenergic agonists most effective for?
Relief of acute bronchospasm
Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm
How are beta2 adrenergic agonists used for asthma?
For quick relief and long term control
Mechanism of action of beta2 adrenergic agonists
Activate beta2 receptors in smooth muscle of the lung
Promote *bronchodilation, relieving bronchospasm
Two types of beta2 adrenergic agonists
Short acting beta 2 agonists (SABAs)
Long acting beta 2 agonists (LABAs)
What are SABAs used for?
PRN for attacks
What are LABAs used for?
For long term control
Types of SABAs
Albuterol
Proventil
Adverse effects of SABAs
Tachycardia
Angina
Tremor
Types of LABAs
Acilidinium bromide (Tudorza)
Salmeterol (Serevent diskus)
Adverse effects of LABAs
May increase asthma (because of LABAs)
Adverse effects of inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonists
Tachycardia
Angina
Tremor
Adverse effects of oral beta2 adrenergic agonists
Angina pectoris
Tachydysrhythmias
Tremor
Prototype Methylxanthines
Theophylline
Therapeutic window for theophylline
10-20 mcg/mL
Other Methylxanthines
Aminophylline
Dyphylline
Brand names of glucocorticoid/LABA combinations
Advair
Symbicort
Prototype anticholinergic drug
Ipitropium (Atrovent)
Adverse effect of Ipratropium (Atrovent)
Dry mouth
Sore pharynx
Initial therapy for acute severe exacerbations of asthma
Oxygen
Systemic glucocorticoid
Nebulizer high dose SABA
Drugs used for exercise induced asthma
SABAs (first choice)
Or Cromolyn
Drugs used to manage stable COPD
Bronchodilators
Glucocorticoids
Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors
Drugs used to manage acute COPD
SABAs (inhaled)
Alone or with inhaled Anticholinergics
Systemic glucocorticoids
Antibiotics
Supplemental oxygen
Class that Aspirin belongs to
First generation NSAIDs
Action of aspirin
Nonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase
Uses of aspirin
Analgesic
Antipyretic
Anti inflammatory
Suppression of platelet aggregation
Protects from MI and stroke
Adverse effects of aspirin
GI upset
GI bleeding
Renal impairment
Salicylism
Reye’s syndrome
Risk during pregnancy
Hypersensitivity reaction
Drug interactions with aspirin
Anticoagulants
Glucocorticoids
Alcohol
Ibuprofen
ACE inhibitors and ARBs
Principle uses for non aspirin first generation NSAIDs
Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Class for ibuprofen
First generation NSAID
How does ibuprofen work?
Inhibits cyclooxygenase
Functions of ibuprofen
Anti inflammatory
Analgesic
Antipyretic
Uses of ibuprofen
Fever
Mild to moderate pain
Arthritis
Adverse effects of ibuprofen
Risk of GI bleeding
Use for second generation NSAIDs
Suppression of inflammation and pain
Adverse effects of second generation NSAIDs
Lower risk for GI bleeding
Impaired renal function
Hypertension
Edema
*Increased risk for MI & stroke
What class does Celecoxib (Celebrex) belong to?
Second generation COX2 inhibitor
Uses for Celebrex
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Acute pain
Dysmenorrhea
Familial adenomatious polyposis
Adverse effects of Celebrex
GI ulceration
Renal impairment
Sulfonamide allergy
*Increased risk of stroke, MI)
*Contraindicated in pregnancy
Drug interactions of Celebrex
*Warfarin
Decrease effects of furosemide
Decrease effect of ACE inhibitors
Increase lithium levels
Levels may be increased by fluconazole
Therapeutic uses of acetaminophen
Analgesic
Antipyretic
Action of acetaminophen
Inhibits prostaglandins in CNS