Exam 4 - Bacteriostatic Inhibitors Of Protein Synthesis Flashcards
Four members of the tetracycline family
Tetracycline
Demeclocycline
Doxycycline
Minocycline
What are tetracyclines and how do they work?
Broad spectrum antibiotics
Inhibit protein synthesis
(Increasing bacterial resistance has emerged)
Uses for tetracyclines
Acne
Rickettsial disease
Chlamydia trachomatis
Brucellosis
Cholera
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Lyme disease
Helicobacter pylori
PUD
Perio
What can occur with absorption of tetracyclines? And how does this occur?
Chelation if taken with
Calcium
Iron
Magnesium
Aluminum
Zinc
What should patients be told to avoid when taking tetracyclines?
Calcium supplements
Milk products
Iron supplements
Magnesium containing laxatives
Most antacids (they contain mg, al, or both)
Adverse effects of tetracyclines
GI irritation
Effects on bone and teeth (pulls calcium out, discolors teeth)
Superinfection (like C diff and fungal)
Hepatoxicity (with high-dose IV therapy)
Renal toxicity (will accumulate in pts with kidney disease)
Photosensitivity
Who should not take tetracyclines?
Patients younger than 8 or pregnant patients
Because of effects on tooth formation
Prototype for Macrolides
Erythromycin
How does erythromycin work?
Inhibition of protein synthesis
Usually bacteriostatic but can be bactericidal
Who should use erythromycin?
This is a good alternative for patients who can’t take penicillin or cephlosporins
What type of bacteria does erythromycin work against?
Broad spectrum antibiotic
Active against most gram positive and some gram negative bacteria
Uses of erythromycin
Whooping cough
Acute diphtheria
Chlamydia
M. Pneumoniae
Group A streptococcus pyogenes
Adverse effects of erythromycin
GI issues (diarrhea)
QT prolongation and sudden cardiac death
Superinfection
Other types of macrolides
Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Prototype for other inhibitors of protein synthesis
Clindamycin (Cleocin)
