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Exam 1 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Class of Bethanechol

A

Muscarinic agonist
(Parasympatheomimetic agent)

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2
Q

Action of Bethanechol

A

Selective agonist at muscarinic cholinergic receptors

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3
Q

Therapeutic uses of Bethanechol

A

Urinary retention
Investigational gastrointestinal uses

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4
Q

Effect of Bethanechol on heart

A

Bradycardia

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5
Q

Effect of Bethanechol on lungs

A

Constriction of bronchi

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6
Q

Effect of Bethanechol on GI system

A

Increased tone and motility

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7
Q

Effect of Bethanechol on bladder

A

Contraction of detrusor muscle and relaxation of trigone and sphincter

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8
Q

Effect of Bethanechol on exocrine glands

A

Increased sweating, salivation, bronchial secretions, secretion of gastric acid

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9
Q

Effect of Bethanechol on eyes

A

Miosis (pupillary constriction)
Contraction of ciliary muscle (near sight)

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10
Q

Adverse effects of Bethanechol

A

Hypertension
Increased tone and motility of GI system
Exacerbation of asthma
Dysrhythmias in patients with hyperthyroidism

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11
Q

Class of Atropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist
(Anticholinergic drug, parasympatholytic drug, antimuscarinic drug, muscarinic blocker)

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12
Q

Action of Atropine

A

Muscarinic receptor blockade

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13
Q

Effect of atropine on heart

A

Increases heart rate

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14
Q

Effect of atropine on lungs

A

Relaxes bronchi

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15
Q

Effect of atropine on GI system

A

Decreases tone and motility

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16
Q

Effect of atropine on bladder

A

Decreases tone of detrusor muscle

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17
Q

Effect of atropine on exocrine glands

A

Decreases secretions

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18
Q

Effect of atropine on eye

A

Mydriasis and cycloplegia (paralysis of ciliary muscle of the eye)

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19
Q

Effects of atropine on CNS

A

Mild excitation to hallucinations and delirium

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20
Q

Therapeutic uses of atropine

A

Overactive bladder (urge incontinence)
Preanesthetic medication
Disorders of the eye
Bradycardia
Intestinal hypertonicity and hyper motility
Muscarinic agonist poisoning
Peptic ulcer disease
Asthma (can be harmful, rarely used)
Biliary colic

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21
Q

Adverse effects of atropine

A

Xerostomia
Blurred vision and photophobia
Elevation of intraocular pressure
Urinary retention
Constipation
Anhidrosis (no sweat)
Tachycardia
Asthma

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22
Q

Class of Scopolamine

A

Muscarinic antagonist

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23
Q

Action of Scopolamine

A

Much like atropine except:
Produces sedation rather than excitation
Suppresses emesis and motion sickness, atropine does not

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24
Q

Class of Oxybutynin

A

Muscarinic antagonist

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25
Use for Oxybutynin
Overactive bladder
26
Toxicology of muscarinic antagonists
(Hot & dry) Dry mouth Blurred vision Photophobia Hyperthermia CNS effects Hot, dry, flushed skin Death from respiratory depression
27
Treatment for muscarinic antagonist toxicity
Physostigmine (antidote) (Inhibits acetylcholinesterase)
28
Class of epinephrine
Adrenergic agonist - catecholamine (alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2 receptors)
29
Therapeutic uses of epinephrine
Delays absorption of local anesthetic Controls superficial bleeding (vasoconstricts) Elevates blood pressure Mydriasis during ophthalmologic procedures Overcomes AV block Restores cardiac function in arrest Bronchial dilation in asthma Treatment of choice for anaphylactic shock
30
Adverse effects of epinephrine
Hypertensive crisis: vasoconstriction as a result of excessive alpha1 activation Dysrhythmias Angina pectoris Hyperglycemia Necrosis following extravasating (to reverse: inject with phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist)
31
Class of norepinephrine
Adrenergic agonist - catecholamine (Alpha1, Alpha2, Beta1)
32
Therapeutic uses of norepinephrine
Hypotensive states Cardiac arrest
33
Adverse effects of norepinephrine
Necrosis with extravasation (Differs from epi, does not promote hyperglycemia)
34
Class for Isoproterenol
Adrenergic agonist (catecholamine) (Beta1 & Beta2)
35
Therapeutic uses of Isoproterenol
Cardiovascular (AV heart block, cardiac arrest)
36
Adverse effects of Isoproterenol
Tachydysrhythmias Angina pectoris Hyperglycemia in diabetics
37
Class of dopamine
Adrenergic agonists - (catecholamine) (Dopamine & beta1 - high doses: alpha1, beta1)
38
Adverse effects of dopamine
Necrosis with extravasation
39
Class of albuterol
Adrenergic agonist (noncatecholamine) (Beta2)
40
Uses of albuterol
Asthma
41
Adverse effects of albuterol
Minimal at therapeutic doses Activates beta1 receptors at higher dose Tremor (most common) Tachycardia
42
Class of Prazosin (Minipress)
Alpha Adrenergic antagonist (Selective blockade of Alpha1 adrenergic receptors)
43
Uses of Prazosin (Minipress)
Hypertension BPH in men
44
Adverse effects of Prazosin (Minipress)
Orthostatic hypotension (blocking alpha1 receptors causing vasodilation) Reflex tachycardia Nasal congestionn
45
Class of Tamsulosin (flomax)
Alpha-adrenergic antagonist (Selective blockade of alpha1 receptors)
46
Use of Tamsulosin (flomax)
BPH
47
Class of phentolamine (OraVerse, Regitine)
Alpha-adrenergic antagonist
48
Uses of phentolamine
Prevention of tissue necrosis after extravasation of drugs that produce alpha1-mediated vasoconstriction (such as norepinephrine)
49
Class of Propranolol (Inderal)
Beta adrenergic antagonist (Nonselective - affects beta1 and beta2)
50
Uses of propranolol (inderal)
Hypertension MI Angina
51
Adverse effects of propranolol (Inderal)
Bradycardia AV heart block Heart failure Rebound cardiac excitation Bronchoconstriction Inhibition of glycogenolysis CNS effects
52
Drug interactions of Propanolol (Inderal)
Calcium channel blockers Insulin
53
Class of Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Beta adrenergic antagonist (Selective blockade of beta1 receptors in heart) *Not likely to cause bronchoconstriction or Hypoglycemia)
54
Class of Clonidine (Catapres)
Indirect-acting antiadrenergic agent (Centrally acting alpha2 agonist)
55
Action of Clonidine (Catapres)
Selective activation of alpha2 receptors in CNS to decrease sympathetic outflow to blood vessels and the heart
56
Uses of Clonidine (Catapres)
Hypertension (most common) Severe pain ADD (sometimes)
57
Class of Methylodopa (Aldomet)
Indirect-acting antiadrenergic agents (Centrally acting alpha2 agonist)
58
Action of methyldopa
Alpha2 activation to decrease BP by acting at sites within CNS
59
Use of methyldopa
Hypertension *Preferred drug for management of hypertension during pregnancy
60
Class of Levodopa
Dopaminergic agent (Promotes activation of dopamine receptors)
61
Action of levodopa
Reduces symptoms of PD by increasing dopamine synthesis (production) (Levodopa crosses BBB and is converted to dopamine) Restores balance between dopamine and ACh
62
Adverse effects of levodopa
Nausea/vomiting Postural hypotension Psychosis, visual hallucinations, vivid dreams/nightmares, paranoia Anxiety/agitation Memory/cognitive impairment Behavioral changes Darkens sweat and urine Activates malignant melanoma Dyskinesias (worsened movement disorders)
63
Drug interactions of Levodopa
First generation antipsychotic drugs MAOIs Anticholinergic drugs
64
Food interactions of levodopa
High protein
65
Use of phenytoin (Dilantin)
Focal-onset and tonic-clonic seizures
66
Action of phenytoin (dilantin)
Selective inhibition of sodium channels
67
Therapeutic range of dilantin
10-20 mcg/mL
68
Adverse effects of dilantin
Nystagmus Sedation Ataxia Diplopia Cognitive impairment Skin rash Gingival hyperplasia Purple glove syndrome (IV)
69
Drug interactions of dilantin
Decreases effects of: Oral contraceptives Warfarin Glucocorticoids Increases levels of: Diazepam Isoniazid Cimetidine Alcohol Valporic acid
70
Uses of Tegretol
Epilepsy Bipolar disorder Trigeminal and Glossopharyngeal neuralgias
71
Action of Tegretol
Suppresses high frequency neuronal discharge in and around seizure foci
72
Adverse effects of Tegretol
Very similar to those of dilantin: Nystagmus and ataxia Leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia High risk of spina bifida Hypoosmolarity Rash and photosensitivity
73
Food drug interactions of Tegretol
Grapefruit juice
74
Uses of valproic acid
Seizure disorders Bipolar disorder Migraines (in small doeses)
75
Adverse effects of valproic acid
GI effects Hepatotoxicity/liver failure Pancreatitis Teratogenic effects
76
Uses of phenobarbital
Seizures Sedation Induction of sleep
77
Action of phenobarbital
Reduces seizures w/o causing sedation Anticonvulsant barbiturate Potentiative the effects of GABA
78
Actions of morphine
Receptors involved Pain relief Drowsiness Mental clouding Anxiety reduction Sense of well being
79
Use of morphine
Relief of moderate to severe pain (postoperative pain, L&D, chronic pain - cancer) Dull constant pain rather than sharp intermittent
80
Adverse effects of morphine
Respiratory depression Constipation Orthostatic hypotension Cough suppression Biliary colic Emesis Urinary retention Euphoria/Dysphagia Sedation Miosis (pupils constrict) Neurotoxicity Intracranial pressure Birth defects Dependency
81
Drug interactions of morphine
CNS depressants, anticholinergic drugs Hypotensive drugs, monoamine oxidase inhibitors Agonist-antagonist opioids
82
Clinical manifestations of morphine toxicity
Coma Respiratory depression Pinpoint pupils
83
Treatment for morphine toxicity
Ventilatory support Antagonist (naloxone)
84
Potency of fentanyl
100 times the potency of morphine
85
Action of codiene
10% converts to morphine in the liver
86
Uses of codiene
Pain and cough suppression
87
Administration of codeine
Usually oral (Alone or with aspirin or acetaminophen)
88
Actions of oxycodone
Analgesic actions equivalent to those of codene
89
Administration of hydrocodone
Combined with aspirin, acetaminophen, or ibuprofen
90
Use of Talwin
Mild to moderate pain
91
Action of Talwin
Agonist at kappa receptors Antagonist at mu receptors
92
Adverse effects of Talwin
Similar to morphine But respiratory depression is limited, does not produce euphoric effects
93
Class of naloxone
Opioid antagonist
94
Uses of naloxone
Reversal of opioid overdoes Reversal of postoperative opioid effects Reversal of neonatal respiratory depression

Pharmacology (16 decks)

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