Question 1

Most spinal injuries in diving incidents affect the: Select One A. cervical spine B. thoracic spine C. lumbar spine D. sacrum/coccyx

Accepted Answer

A. cervical spine

Question 2

When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should: Select one: A. refrain from taking a blood pressure. B. use a toe-to-head assessment approach. C. talk to the child, not just the caregiver. D. rely solely on the parent for information.

Accepted Answer

C. talk to the child, not just the caregiver.

Question 3

The rate and amount of heat loss by the body can be modified by all of the following except: Select One A. increasing heat production B. moving to an area where heat loss is decreased C. wearing insulated clothing D. increasing fluid intake

Accepted Answer

D. increasing fluid intake

Question 4

True or False Extremes in temperature and humidity are needed to produce hot or cold injuries.

Accepted Answer

False Extremes in temperature and humidity are not needed to produce hot or cold injuries. Many hypothermic cases occur at temperatures between 30°F and 50°F. Most heat stroke cases occur when the temperature is 80°F and the humidity is at 80%. (Page 1142)

Question 5

Which of the following statements is false? Select One A. gestational diabetes will clear up in most women after delivery B. the leading cause of abruptio placenta is an ectopic pregnancy C. as pregnancy progresses, the uterus enlarges and rises out of the pelvis D. some cultures may not permit male EMTs to examine a female patient

Accepted Answer

B. the leading cause of abruptio placenta is an ectopic pregnancy

Question 6

In pediatric patients, the liver and spleen are _______. Select one: A. less likely to bleed when injured B. smaller in proportion to the abdomen C. more protected by the thorax compared to adults D. larger in proportion to the abdomen

Accepted Answer

D. larger in proportion to the abdomen

Question 7

True or False Most premature infants have vernix on their skin when delivered.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 8

True or False People who are at greatest risk for heat illnesses are the elderly and children.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 9

You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should: Select one: A. perform a comprehensive secondary assessment. B. forgo the hospital radio report because of his condition. C. begin documenting the call on the patient care form. D. closely monitor him and reassess him frequently.

Accepted Answer

D. closely monitor him and reassess him frequently.

Question 10

Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease are both spread through the tick's: Select One A. saliva B. blood C. hormones D. excrement

Accepted Answer

A. saliva

Question 11

Injuries to the external male genitalia _______. Select one: A. are often life-threatening B. usually result in permanent damage C. frequently lead to hypovolemic shock D. are rarely life-threatening

Accepted Answer

D. are rarely life-threatening

Question 12

A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately: Select one: A. 10 hours. B. 4 hours. C. 16 hours. D. 8 hours.

Accepted Answer

C. 16 hours.

Question 13

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who is sick. The patient complains of a rash to her lower extremities and truncal area. Your assessment reveals a small, painful Bull's-eye rash on her inner thigh. As your partner is taking the patient's vital signs, she states that she and her family returned from a camping trip two days ago. On the basis of this patient's presentation, you should suspect:

Accepted Answer

Lyme disease S/S (page 1172) Flulike Symptoms Bull's-eye rash may spread to several parts of the body Painful swelling of joints

Question 14

You have been dispatched to the side of a highway where a woman is reported to be delivering a baby. As you approach the vehicle, you see her lying down in the back seat. If the baby is crowning and the amniotic sac has not yet ruptured, you should: Select One A. leave it in place and wait for ALS B. puncture the sac only after ordered to do so by medical control C. puncture the sac, allow the fluid to drain, and leave the sac in place D. puncture the sac away from the head and then push the sac away from the infant's face

Accepted Answer

D. puncture the sac away from the head and then push the sac away from the infant's face

Question 15

Fertilization usually occurs when the egg is inside the: Select One A. ovary B. uterus C. fallopian tube D. endometrium

Accepted Answer

C. fallopian tube

Question 16

Which of the following is not a reason for delivery of the fetus at the scene? Select One A. delivery can be expected within a few minutes B. there is a natural disaster C. there is severe inclement weather D. the amniotic sac has ruptured

Accepted Answer

D. the amniotic sac has ruptured

Question 17

When assisting ventilations in a newborn with a bag-mask device, the rate is ________ breaths/min. Select One a. 20-30 b. 30-50 c. 35-45 d. 40-60

Accepted Answer

d. 40-60​

Question 18

The body’s natural protective mechanisms against heat loss are: Select One A. shivering and vasodilation. B. vasodilation and respiration. C. respiration and vasoconstriction. D. vasoconstriction and shivering.

Accepted Answer

D. vasoconstriction and shivering.

Question 19

Which of the following questions is of LEAST pertinence when determining whether a mother will deliver her baby within the next few minutes? Select one: A. “Do you feel the need to push?” B. “When are you due?” C. “Is this your first baby?” D. “Have you had a sonogram?”

Accepted Answer

D. “Have you had a sonogram?”

Question 20

Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below: Select one: A. 90°F (32°C). B. 95°F (35°C). C. 88°F (31°C). D. 98°F (37°C).

Accepted Answer

B. 95°F (35°C).

Question 21

Which of the following is not performed when caring for a mother with a prolapsed cord? Select One A. clamp and cut the cord B. provide high-flow oxygen and rapid transport C. use your fingers to physically hold the infant's head off the cord D. position the mother to keep the weight of the infant off the cord

Accepted Answer

A. clamp and cut the cord A prolapse of the umbilical cord must be treated in the hospital. The situation is dangerous because the fetus had will compress the cord during birth and cut off circulation, depriving the fetus of oxygenated blood. Your job is to try to keep the fetus's head from compressing the cord. (Pages 1207-1208)

Question 22

During delivery, after the head has been delivered and the shoulder appears: Select One A. guide the head down slightly to deliver the shoulder B. apply a nasal cannula to the infant C. guide the head up slightly, to deliver the shoulder D. pull gently

Accepted Answer

A. guide the head down slightly to deliver the shoulder

Question 23

True or False Immediate bradycardia after jumping in cold water is called the diving reflex.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 24

Whenever a person dives or jumps into very cold water, the _________ _________ may cause immediate bradycardia.

Accepted Answer

Diving reflex

Question 25

__________ (bees, wasps, ants, and yellow jackets) stings are painful but are not medical emergencies unless the patient is allergic to the venom.

Accepted Answer

Hymenoptera

Question 26

When should you visually inspect the external genitalia on your patient? Select one: A. Only when ordered by medical direction B. Anytime the patient agrees to treatment and transport C. Always during the secondary assessment D. Only when there is a complaint of severe pain or other injury

Accepted Answer

D. Only when there is a complaint of severe pain or other injury

Question 27

Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct? Select one: A. Compartment syndrome occurs because of increased pressure within the bone cavity. B. Most cases of compartment syndrome occur following a severe fracture of the pelvis. C. In most cases, compartment syndrome develops within a few minutes after an injury. D. Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury.

Accepted Answer

D. Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury.

Question 28

Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. entrapment in a structural fire. B. exposure to caustic chemicals. C. scalding water in a bathtub. D. hot items on a stovetop.

Accepted Answer

A. entrapment in a structural fire.

Question 29

Drowning is MOST accurately defined as: Select one: A. temporary survival after submersion in water. B. water in the lungs following submersion in water. C. death beyond 24 hours after submersion in water. D. death from suffocation after submersion in water.

Accepted Answer

D. death from suffocation after submersion in water.

Question 30

Your 22-year-old patient is in active labor. Upon visual inspection, you note that the infant's leg is protruding from the vagina. Appropriate management of this situation includes: Select one: A. placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated. B. gently pulling on the infant's leg in an attempt to facilitate delivery. C. placing the mother in a recumbent position and rapidly transporting. D. carefully attempting to push the infant's leg off of the umbilical cord.

Accepted Answer

A. placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated.

Question 31

Mild hypothermia occurs when the core temperature is between ___________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

90°F; 95°F Table 32-1 (page 1144)

Question 32

A flail chest occurs when: Select one: A. more than three ribs are fractured on the same side of the chest. B. a segment of fractured ribs bulges during the inhalation phase. C. multiple ribs are fractured on both sides of the thoracic cage. D. a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage.

Accepted Answer

D. a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage.

Question 33

A 5-year-old child has had severe vomiting and diarrhea for 4 days. Which of the following assessment findings would be the MOST indicative of decompensated shock? Select one: A. Respiratory rate of 30 breaths/min B. Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg C. Pulse rate greater than 120/min D. Capillary refill time of 4 seconds

Accepted Answer

B. Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg

Question 34

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should: A. suction his oropharynx to ensure it is clear of secretions and then increase the oxygen flow rate to 15 L/min. B. insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM. C. perform a comprehensive secondary assessment to determine why his clinical status has changed. D. reassess his vital signs and then notify the receiving hospital of the change in his clinical status.

Accepted Answer

B. insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM.

Question 35

A 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant is experiencing a seizure. Her husband tells you that her blood pressure has been high and that she had been complaining of a headache for the past few days. You should: Select one: A. administer oral glucose for presumed hypoglycemia and transport. B. insert an oral airway and ventilate her with a bag-valve-mask. C. elevate her legs to improve brain perfusion and keep her warm. D. place her on her side, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport.

Accepted Answer

D. place her on her side, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport.

Question 36

_________ is the body's reaction to an irritation of water entering the lower respiratory tract. Select One A. bronchoconstriction B. laryngospasm C. esophageal spasms D. swelling in the oropharynx

Accepted Answer

B. laryngospasm

Question 37

True or False When approaching a water rescue scene, it is better to drive through moving water than through stagnant water.

Accepted Answer

False Never drive your car through moving water-a small amount can cause the vehicle to be swept away. Use extreme caution when driving through standing water. (page 1162)

Question 38

__________ is a condition in which the placenta develops over and covers the cervix. Select One A. eclampsia B. placenta previa C. placenta abruptio D. prolapsed cord

Accepted Answer

B. placenta previa

Question 39

True or False After a lightning strike you should practice reverse triage.

Accepted Answer

True When a person is struck by lightning, respiratory or cardiac arrest, if it occurs, usually occurs immediately. Focus your efforts on those who are in respiratory or cardiac arrest. This process, called reverse triage, differs from conventional triage, where such patients would ordinarily be classified as deceased. (pg 1166)

Question 40

Treatment of a snake bite from a pit viper includes: Select One A. Calming the patient B. Providing BLS as needed if the patient shows no sign of envenomation C. Marking the skin with a pen over the swollen are to note whether swelling is spreading D. All of the above

Accepted Answer

D. All of the above

Question 41

Which of the following would be the LEAST likely to occur in a patient with a core body temperature of between 89°F (32°C) and 92°F (33°C)? Select One A. Confusion B. Stiff muscles C. Tachycardia D. Bradypnea

Accepted Answer

C. Tachycardia

Question 42

A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes: Select one: A. requesting a paramedic to administer pain medication. B. covering the avulsion with moist, sterile dressings. C. administering 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. D. applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.

Accepted Answer

D. applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.

Question 43

In contrast to Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever: Select one: A. causes painful joint swelling after a few days or weeks. B. can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse. C. may be confused with rheumatoid arthritis. D. presents with flu-like symptoms and a bull's-eye rash.

Accepted Answer

B. can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse.

Question 44

When cutting the umbilical cord: Select One A. place the clamps 7" to 10" apart B. place the clamps 2" to 4" apart C. tie the cord with shoelaces if you don't have any clamps D. tie the cord with string if you don't have any clamps

Accepted Answer

B. place the clamps 2" to 4" apart

Question 45

One-third of patients with Lyme disease will have a ________ rash.

Accepted Answer

Bull's-eye

Question 46

Compared to adults, infants and children are at higher risk for hypothermia for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT: Select One A. a smaller amount of body fat. B. a decreased ability to shiver. C. a relatively small surface area. D. a smaller overall muscle mass.

Accepted Answer

C. a relatively small surface area.

Question 47

Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with: Select one: A. skin that is cool and dry. B. drooling or congestion. C. acute respiratory distress. D. extreme restlessness.

Accepted Answer

B. drooling or congestion.

Question 48

Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. electrolyte imbalances. B. infection. C. poisonings or ingestion. D. hyperglycemia.

Accepted Answer

D. hyperglycemia.

Question 49

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes: Select one: A. requesting a paramedic ambulance to insert an advanced airway device. B. administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother. C. separating the child from her mother and providing ventilatory assistance. D. allowing the child to remain with her mother and applying a nasal cannula.

Accepted Answer

B. administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother.

Question 50

While triaging patients at the scene of a motor-vehicle crash, you encounter a 5-year-old child who is unresponsive and apneic. After positioning his airway, you should: Select one: A. palpate for a carotid pulse. B. categorize him as immediate. C. categorize him as deceased. D. deliver 5 rescue breaths.

Accepted Answer

A. palpate for a carotid pulse.

Question 51

You have been dispatched to the side of a highway where a woman is reported to be delivering a baby. As you approach the vehicle, you see her lying down in the back seat. Concerning the delivery of the placenta, which of the following are emergency situations? Select One A. more than 30 minutes have elapsed and the placenta has not delivered B. there is more than 500mL of bleeding before delivery of the placenta C. there is significant bleeding after delivery of the placenta D. all of the above

Accepted Answer

D. all of the above

Question 52

True or False Labor begins with the rupture of the amniotic sac and ends with the delivery of the baby's head.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 53

___________ causes body heat to be lost as warm air in the lungs is exhaled into the atmosphere and cooler air is inhaled. Select One A. Convection B. Conduction C. Radiation D. Respiration

Accepted Answer

D. Respiration

Question 54

A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should: Select one: A. cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital. B. suspect that the child has meningitis and transport at once. C. place the child in cold water to attempt to reduce her fever. D. allow the mother to drive her daughter to the hospital.

Accepted Answer

A. cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital.

Question 55

Which of the following would not be a typical question to ask when taking a history on a woman in labor? Select One A. are you having a boy or a girl? B. when is your due date? C. did your physician mention the possibility of any complications? D. is this your first pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A. are you having a boy or a girl?

Question 56

True or False After delivery of the head, suction the nose first.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 57

Immediately life-threatening chest injuries must be found and managed during the _______. Select one: A. scene size-up B. primary assessment C. secondary assessment D. patient history

Accepted Answer

B. primary assessment

Question 58

True or False The placenta and cord should be properly disposed of in a biohazard container after delivery.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 59

You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis. You should: A. partially remove the dressing. B. begin rapid transport at once. C. begin ventilatory assistance. D. call for a paramedic ambulance.

Accepted Answer

A. partially remove the dressing.

Question 60

What is a reason a fetus may be in trouble before the mother presents signs of shock?

Accepted Answer

If the mother has severe trauma, the blood supply to the fetus often reduces.

Question 61

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient's life? Select one: A. Pelvic fracture with hypotension B. Bilateral femur fractures C. An amputated extremity D. Nondisplaced long bone fractures

Accepted Answer

A. Pelvic fracture with hypotension

Question 62

True or False Mild hypothermia occurs when the core temperature drops to 85 degrees F.

Accepted Answer

False Mild hypothermia occurs when the core temperature drops between 90°F and 95°F (32°C and 35°C)

Question 63

A “hip” fracture is actually a fracture of the: Select one: A. pelvic girdle. B. femoral shaft. C. proximal femur. D. pubic symphysis.

Accepted Answer

C. proximal femur.

Question 64

True or False Ice should be promptly applied to any insect sting or snake bite with swelling.

Accepted Answer

False Insect sting - Yes Ice Snakebite with swelling NO Ice or Tourniquets. Ice does little to treat the bite as the venom is in the bloodstream and potentially leads to increased damage. Cryotherapy was packing or immersion of the bitten extremity in ice or ice water. It was thought to provide benefit by lowering venom enzyme activity, slowing venom absorption, and thus slowing and attenuating the envenomation syndrome. This intervention has fallen from favor over the past 30 to 40 years as experimental models of envenomation have failed to demonstrate significant benefit. In some case series describing snakebite patients, the only cases of tissue loss, amputations, or permanent disability occurred when patients received cryotherapy. These cases typically involved prolonged packing of the bitten extremity in ice for hours to days. An ice pack placed intermittently on the bite for pain control in a fashion similar to an ankle sprain is unlikely to cause harm; however, more aggressive ice therapy is contraindicated.​ "Out-of-hospital and interhospital management of crotaline snakebite" McKinney, Patrick E; DOI 10.1067/mem.2001.111574

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Exam 4 - Chapters 30 to 34 Flashcards

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