Exam 4 - Chapters 30 to 34

Question 1

Most spinal injuries in diving incidents affect the:

Select One

A. cervical spine
B. thoracic spine
C. lumbar spine
D. sacrum/coccyx

Answer 1

A. cervical spine

Question 2

When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should:

Select one:

A. refrain from taking a blood pressure.

B. use a toe-to-head assessment approach.

C. talk to the child, not just the caregiver.

D. rely solely on the parent for information.

Answer 2

C. talk to the child, not just the caregiver.

Question 3

The rate and amount of heat loss by the body can be modified by all of the following except:

Select One

A. increasing heat production
B. moving to an area where heat loss is decreased
C. wearing insulated clothing
D. increasing fluid intake

Answer 3

D. increasing fluid intake

Question 4

True or False

Extremes in temperature and humidity are needed to produce hot or cold injuries.

Answer 4

False

Extremes in temperature and humidity are not needed to produce hot or cold injuries. Many hypothermic cases occur at temperatures between 30°F and 50°F. Most heat stroke cases occur when the temperature is 80°F and the humidity is at 80%. (Page 1142)

Question 5

Which of the following statements is false?

Select One

A. gestational diabetes will clear up in most women after delivery

B. the leading cause of abruptio placenta is an ectopic pregnancy

C. as pregnancy progresses, the uterus enlarges and rises out of the pelvis

D. some cultures may not permit male EMTs to examine a female patient

Answer 5

B. the leading cause of abruptio placenta is an ectopic pregnancy

Question 6

In pediatric patients, the liver and spleen are _______.

Select one:

A. less likely to bleed when injured

B. smaller in proportion to the abdomen

C. more protected by the thorax compared to adults

D. larger in proportion to the abdomen

Answer 6

D. larger in proportion to the abdomen

Question 7

True or False

Most premature infants have vernix on their skin when delivered.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

True or False

People who are at greatest risk for heat illnesses are the elderly and children.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

You are transporting a patient with blunt abdominal trauma. The patient is unstable and is experiencing obvious signs and symptoms of shock. Your estimated time of arrival at the hospital is less than 10 minutes. After treating the patient appropriately, you should:

Select one:

A. perform a comprehensive secondary assessment.

B. forgo the hospital radio report because of his condition.

C. begin documenting the call on the patient care form.

D. closely monitor him and reassess him frequently.

Answer 9

D. closely monitor him and reassess him frequently.

Question 10

Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease are both spread through the tick’s:

Select One

A. saliva
B. blood
C. hormones
D. excrement

Answer 10

A. saliva

Question 11

Injuries to the external male genitalia _______.

Select one:

A. are often life-threatening

B. usually result in permanent damage

C. frequently lead to hypovolemic shock

D. are rarely life-threatening

Answer 11

D. are rarely life-threatening

Question 12

A mother who is pregnant with her first baby is typically in the first stage of labor for approximately:

Select one:

A. 10 hours.

B. 4 hours.

C. 16 hours.

D. 8 hours.

Answer 12

C. 16 hours.

Question 13

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who is sick. The patient complains of a rash to her lower extremities and truncal area. Your assessment reveals a small, painful Bull’s-eye rash on her inner thigh. As your partner is taking the patient’s vital signs, she states that she and her family returned from a camping trip two days ago. On the basis of this patient’s presentation, you should suspect:

Answer 13

Lyme disease

S/S (page 1172)

• Flulike Symptoms
• Bull’s-eye rash may spread to several parts of the body
• Painful swelling of joints

Question 14

You have been dispatched to the side of a highway where a woman is reported to be delivering a baby. As you approach the vehicle, you see her lying down in the back seat. If the baby is crowning and the amniotic sac has not yet ruptured, you should:

Select One

A. leave it in place and wait for ALS
B. puncture the sac only after ordered to do so by medical control
C. puncture the sac, allow the fluid to drain, and leave the sac in place
D. puncture the sac away from the head and then push the sac away from the infant’s face

Answer 14

D. puncture the sac away from the head and then push the sac away from the infant’s face

Question 15

Fertilization usually occurs when the egg is inside the:

Select One

A. ovary
B. uterus
C. fallopian tube
D. endometrium

Answer 15

C. fallopian tube

Question 16

Which of the following is not a reason for delivery of the fetus at the scene?

Select One

A. delivery can be expected within a few minutes
B. there is a natural disaster
C. there is severe inclement weather
D. the amniotic sac has ruptured

Answer 16

D. the amniotic sac has ruptured

Question 17

When assisting ventilations in a newborn with a bag-mask device, the rate is ________ breaths/min.

Select One

a. 20-30
b. 30-50
c. 35-45
d. 40-60

Answer 17

d. 40-60​

Question 18

The body’s natural protective mechanisms against heat loss are:

Select One

A. shivering and vasodilation.
B. vasodilation and respiration.
C. respiration and vasoconstriction.
D. vasoconstriction and shivering.

Answer 18

D. vasoconstriction and shivering.

Question 19

Which of the following questions is of LEAST pertinence when determining whether a mother will deliver her baby within the next few minutes?

Select one:

A. “Do you feel the need to push?”

B. “When are you due?”

C. “Is this your first baby?”

D. “Have you had a sonogram?”

Answer 19

D. “Have you had a sonogram?”

Question 20

Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below:

Select one:

A. 90°F (32°C).

B. 95°F (35°C).

C. 88°F (31°C).

D. 98°F (37°C).

Answer 20

B. 95°F (35°C).

Question 21

Which of the following is not performed when caring for a mother with a prolapsed cord?

Select One

A. clamp and cut the cord
B. provide high-flow oxygen and rapid transport
C. use your fingers to physically hold the infant’s head off the cord
D. position the mother to keep the weight of the infant off the cord

Answer 21

A. clamp and cut the cord

A prolapse of the umbilical cord must be treated in the hospital. The situation is dangerous because the fetus had will compress the cord during birth and cut off circulation, depriving the fetus of oxygenated blood. Your job is to try to keep the fetus’s head from compressing the cord. (Pages 1207-1208)

Question 22

During delivery, after the head has been delivered and the shoulder appears:

Select One

A. guide the head down slightly to deliver the shoulder

B. apply a nasal cannula to the infant

C. guide the head up slightly, to deliver the shoulder

D. pull gently

Answer 22

A. guide the head down slightly to deliver the shoulder

Question 23

True or False

Immediate bradycardia after jumping in cold water is called the diving reflex.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Whenever a person dives or jumps into very cold water, the _________ _________ may cause immediate bradycardia.

Answer 24

Diving reflex

Question 25

__________ (bees, wasps, ants, and yellow jackets) stings are painful but are not medical emergencies unless the patient is allergic to the venom.

Answer 25

Hymenoptera

Question 26

When should you visually inspect the external genitalia on your patient?

Select one:

A. Only when ordered by medical direction

B. Anytime the patient agrees to treatment and transport

C. Always during the secondary assessment

D. Only when there is a complaint of severe pain or other injury

Answer 26

D. Only when there is a complaint of severe pain or other injury

Question 27

Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct?

Select one:

A. Compartment syndrome occurs because of increased pressure within the bone cavity.

B. Most cases of compartment syndrome occur following a severe fracture of the pelvis.

C. In most cases, compartment syndrome develops within a few minutes after an injury.

D. Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury.

Answer 27

D. Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury.

Question 28

Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT:

Select one:

A. entrapment in a structural fire.

B. exposure to caustic chemicals.

C. scalding water in a bathtub.

D. hot items on a stovetop.

Answer 28

A. entrapment in a structural fire.

Question 29

Drowning is MOST accurately defined as:

Select one:

A. temporary survival after submersion in water.

B. water in the lungs following submersion in water.

C. death beyond 24 hours after submersion in water.

D. death from suffocation after submersion in water.

Answer 29

D. death from suffocation after submersion in water.

Question 30

Your 22-year-old patient is in active labor. Upon visual inspection, you note that the infant’s leg is protruding from the vagina. Appropriate management of this situation includes:

Select one:

A. placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated.

B. gently pulling on the infant’s leg in an attempt to facilitate delivery.

C. placing the mother in a recumbent position and rapidly transporting.

D. carefully attempting to push the infant’s leg off of the umbilical cord.

Answer 30

A. placing the mother supine with her head down and pelvis elevated.

Question 31

Mild hypothermia occurs when the core temperature is between ___________ and __________.

Answer 31

90°F; 95°F

Table 32-1 (page 1144)

Question 32

A flail chest occurs when:

Select one:

A. more than three ribs are fractured on the same side of the chest.

B. a segment of fractured ribs bulges during the inhalation phase.

C. multiple ribs are fractured on both sides of the thoracic cage.

D. a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage.

Answer 32

D. a segment of the chest wall is detached from the thoracic cage.

Question 33

A 5-year-old child has had severe vomiting and diarrhea for 4 days. Which of the following assessment findings would be the MOST indicative of decompensated shock?

Select one:

A. Respiratory rate of 30 breaths/min

B. Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg

C. Pulse rate greater than 120/min

D. Capillary refill time of 4 seconds

Answer 33

B. Blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg

Question 34

You are transporting a 42-year-old male who experienced blunt abdominal trauma. He is receiving oxygen at 12 L/min via a nonrebreathing mask and full spinal precautions have been applied. During your reassessment, you note his level of consciousness has decreased and his respirations have become shallow. You should:

A. suction his oropharynx to ensure it is clear of secretions and then increase the oxygen flow rate to 15 L/min.

B. insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM.

C. perform a comprehensive secondary assessment to determine why his clinical status has changed.

D. reassess his vital signs and then notify the receiving hospital of the change in his clinical status.

Answer 34

B. insert an airway adjunct if he will tolerate it and begin assisting his ventilations with a BVM.

Question 35

A 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant is experiencing a seizure. Her husband tells you that her blood pressure has been high and that she had been complaining of a headache for the past few days. You should:

Select one:

A. administer oral glucose for presumed hypoglycemia and transport.

B. insert an oral airway and ventilate her with a bag-valve-mask.

C. elevate her legs to improve brain perfusion and keep her warm.

D. place her on her side, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport.

Answer 35

D. place her on her side, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport.

Question 36

_________ is the body’s reaction to an irritation of water entering the lower respiratory tract.

Select One

A. bronchoconstriction
B. laryngospasm
C. esophageal spasms
D. swelling in the oropharynx

Answer 36

B. laryngospasm

Question 37

True or False

When approaching a water rescue scene, it is better to drive through moving water than through stagnant water.

Answer 37

False

Never drive your car through moving water-a small amount can cause the vehicle to be swept away. Use extreme caution when driving through standing water. (page 1162)

Question 38

__________ is a condition in which the placenta develops over and covers the cervix.

Select One

A. eclampsia
B. placenta previa
C. placenta abruptio
D. prolapsed cord

Answer 38

B. placenta previa

Question 39

True or False

After a lightning strike you should practice reverse triage.

Answer 39

True

When a person is struck by lightning, respiratory or cardiac arrest, if it occurs, usually occurs immediately. Focus your efforts on those who are in respiratory or cardiac arrest. This process, called reverse triage, differs from conventional triage, where such patients would ordinarily be classified as deceased. (pg 1166)

Question 40

Treatment of a snake bite from a pit viper includes:

Select One

A. Calming the patient
B. Providing BLS as needed if the patient shows no sign of envenomation
C. Marking the skin with a pen over the swollen are to note whether swelling is spreading
D. All of the above

Answer 40

D. All of the above

Question 41

Which of the following would be the LEAST likely to occur in a patient with a core body temperature of between 89°F (32°C) and 92°F (33°C)?

Select One

A. Confusion
B. Stiff muscles
C. Tachycardia
D. Bradypnea

Answer 41

C. Tachycardia

Question 42

A 54-year-old male experienced an avulsion to his penis when his foreskin got caught in the zipper of his pants. He was able to unzip his pants and remove the foreskin prior to your arrival. Your assessment reveals that he is in severe pain and that the avulsion is bleeding moderately. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

Select one:

A. requesting a paramedic to administer pain medication.

B. covering the avulsion with moist, sterile dressings.

C. administering 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

D. applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.

Answer 42

D. applying direct pressure with a dry, sterile dressing.

Question 43

In contrast to Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever:

Select one:

A. causes painful joint swelling after a few days or weeks.

B. can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse.

C. may be confused with rheumatoid arthritis.

D. presents with flu-like symptoms and a bull’s-eye rash.

Answer 43

B. can cause paralysis and cardiorespiratory collapse.

Question 44

When cutting the umbilical cord:

Select One

A. place the clamps 7” to 10” apart

B. place the clamps 2” to 4” apart

C. tie the cord with shoelaces if you don’t have any clamps

D. tie the cord with string if you don’t have any clamps

Answer 44

B. place the clamps 2” to 4” apart

Question 45

One-third of patients with Lyme disease will have a ________ rash.

Answer 45

Bull’s-eye

Question 46

Compared to adults, infants and children are at higher risk for hypothermia for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:

Select One

A. a smaller amount of body fat.
B. a decreased ability to shiver.
C. a relatively small surface area.
D. a smaller overall muscle mass.

Answer 46

C. a relatively small surface area.

Question 47

Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with:

Select one:

A. skin that is cool and dry.

B. drooling or congestion.

C. acute respiratory distress.

D. extreme restlessness.

Answer 47

B. drooling or congestion.

Question 48

Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Select one:

A. electrolyte imbalances.

B. infection.

C. poisonings or ingestion.

D. hyperglycemia.

Answer 48

D. hyperglycemia.

Question 49

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes:

Select one:

A. requesting a paramedic ambulance to insert an advanced airway device.

B. administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother.

C. separating the child from her mother and providing ventilatory assistance.

D. allowing the child to remain with her mother and applying a nasal cannula.

Answer 49

B. administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother.

Question 50

While triaging patients at the scene of a motor-vehicle crash, you encounter a 5-year-old child who is unresponsive and apneic. After positioning his airway, you should:

Select one:

A. palpate for a carotid pulse.

B. categorize him as immediate.

C. categorize him as deceased.

D. deliver 5 rescue breaths.

Answer 50

A. palpate for a carotid pulse.

Question 51

You have been dispatched to the side of a highway where a woman is reported to be delivering a baby. As you approach the vehicle, you see her lying down in the back seat. Concerning the delivery of the placenta, which of the following are emergency situations?

Select One

A. more than 30 minutes have elapsed and the placenta has not delivered
B. there is more than 500mL of bleeding before delivery of the placenta
C. there is significant bleeding after delivery of the placenta
D. all of the above

Answer 51

D. all of the above

Question 52

True or False

Labor begins with the rupture of the amniotic sac and ends with the delivery of the baby’s head.

Answer 52

False

Question 53

___________ causes body heat to be lost as warm air in the lungs is exhaled into the atmosphere and cooler air is inhaled.

Select One

A. Convection
B. Conduction
C. Radiation
D. Respiration

Answer 53

D. Respiration

Question 54

A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. When you arrive at the scene, the child is conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. Her skin is hot and moist. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. You should:

Select one:

A. cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital.

B. suspect that the child has meningitis and transport at once.

C. place the child in cold water to attempt to reduce her fever.

D. allow the mother to drive her daughter to the hospital.

Answer 54

A. cool the child with tepid water and transport to the hospital.

Question 55

Which of the following would not be a typical question to ask when taking a history on a woman in labor?

Select One

A. are you having a boy or a girl?

B. when is your due date?

C. did your physician mention the possibility of any complications?

D. is this your first pregnancy?

Answer 55

A. are you having a boy or a girl?

Question 56

True or False

After delivery of the head, suction the nose first.

Answer 56

False

Question 57

Immediately life-threatening chest injuries must be found and managed during the _______.

Select one:

A. scene size-up

B. primary assessment

C. secondary assessment

D. patient history

Answer 57

B. primary assessment

Question 58

True or False

The placenta and cord should be properly disposed of in a biohazard container after delivery.

Answer 58

False

Question 59

You have sealed the open chest wound of a 40-year-old male who was stabbed in the anterior chest. Your reassessment reveals that he is experiencing increasing respiratory distress and tachycardia, and is developing cyanosis.

You should:

A. partially remove the dressing.

B. begin rapid transport at once.

C. begin ventilatory assistance.

D. call for a paramedic ambulance.

Answer 59

A. partially remove the dressing.

Question 60

What is a reason a fetus may be in trouble before the mother presents signs of shock?

Answer 60

If the mother has severe trauma, the blood supply to the fetus often reduces.

Question 61

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would pose the greatest threat to a patient’s life?

Select one:

A. Pelvic fracture with hypotension

B. Bilateral femur fractures

C. An amputated extremity

D. Nondisplaced long bone fractures

Answer 61

A. Pelvic fracture with hypotension

Question 62

True or False

Mild hypothermia occurs when the core temperature drops to 85 degrees F.

Answer 62

False

Mild hypothermia occurs when the core temperature drops between

90°F and 95°F ^{(32°C and 35°C)}

Question 63

A “hip” fracture is actually a fracture of the:

Select one:

A. pelvic girdle.

B. femoral shaft.

C. proximal femur.

D. pubic symphysis.

Answer 63

C. proximal femur.

Question 64

True or False

Ice should be promptly applied to any insect sting or snake bite with swelling.

Answer 64

False

Insect sting - Yes Ice

Snakebite with swelling NO Ice or Tourniquets.

^{Ice does little to treat the bite as the venom is in the bloodstream and potentially leads to increased damage.}

^{Cryotherapy was packing or immersion of the bitten extremity in ice or ice water. It was thought to provide benefit by lowering venom enzyme activity, slowing venom absorption, and thus slowing and attenuating the envenomation syndrome. This intervention has fallen from favor over the past 30 to 40 years as experimental models of envenomation have failed to demonstrate significant benefit. In some case series describing snakebite patients, the only cases of tissue loss, amputations, or permanent disability occurred when patients received cryotherapy. These cases typically involved prolonged packing of the bitten extremity in ice for hours to days. An ice pack placed intermittently on the bite for pain control in a fashion similar to an ankle sprain is unlikely to cause harm; however, more aggressive ice therapy is contraindicated.​}

^{“Out-of-hospital and interhospital management of crotaline snakebite”}

^{McKinney, Patrick E; DOI 10.1067/mem.2001.111574}

Question 65

True or False

Massaging the abdomen after delivery helps to control bleeding.

Answer 65

True

Question 66

When the body is exposed to more heat energy than it loses, __________ result(s).

Select One

A. hyperthermia
B. heat cramps
C. heat exhaustion
D. heatstroke

Answer 66

A. hyperthermia

Question 67

Treatment of drowning and/or near drowning begins with:

Select One

A. opening the airway
B. ventilation with 100% oxygen via bag-mask device
C. suctioning the lungs to remove the water
D. rescue and removal from the water

Answer 67

D. rescue and removal from the water

Question 68

The second stage of labor begins when the cervix is fully dilated and ends when:

Select One

A. the infant is born
B. the water breaks
C. the placenta is delivered
D. the uterus stops contracting

Answer 68

A. the infant is born

Question 69

The body’s natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to a gas, is called:

Answer 69

Evaporation

Question 70

An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with:

Select one:

A. moist oral mucosa.

B. absent urine output.

C. bulging fontanelles.

D. excessive tearing.

Answer 70

B. absent urine output.

Question 71

A patient at an altitude above 10,000’ with shortness of breath and cough with pink sputum is likely to be suffering from _____-______ _________ _________.

Answer 71

High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)

Question 72

Following delivery of a full-term baby, you have properly cared for the baby and have clamped and cut the umbilical cord. During transport, you note that the mother is experiencing moderate vaginal bleeding. You should:

Select one:

A. elevate her legs 6 to 8 inches and cover her with a blanket.

B. carefully insert a sterile trauma dressing into her vagina.

C. place her legs together and position her on her left side.

D. firmly massage the uterine fundus with a circular motion.

Answer 72

D. firmly massage the uterine fundus with a circular motion.

Question 73

Which of the following is not a stage of labor?

Select One

A. rupture of amniotic fluid
B. expulsion of the baby
C. delivery of the placenta
D. dilation of the cervix

Answer 73

A. rupture of amniotic fluid

Question 74

Do not attempt to actively rewarm patients who have _________ to _________ hypothermia, because they are prone to developing arrhythmias unless handled very carefully.

Answer 74

Moderate; Severe

As the body reforms, the sudden redistribution of fluids and the release of built of chemicals can have harmful effects, including cardiac dysrhythmias. (Page 1148)

Always handle the patient gently so you do not cause any pain or further injury to the skin. Rough handling of a patient with moderate to severe hypothermia may cause the heart to go into ventricular fibrillation, which may not respond to defibrillation. (Page 1149)

Question 75

The organs most severely affected by air embolism are the:

Select One

A. brain and spinal cord
B. brain and heart
C. heart and lungs
D. brain and lungs

Answer 75

A. brain and spinal cord

Question 76

Three days after delivering her baby, a 30-year-old woman complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. Her level of consciousness is decreased and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:

Select one:

A. pulmonary embolism.

B. spontaneous pneumothorax.

C. intrauterine bleeding.

D. acute pulmonary edema.

Answer 76

A. pulmonary embolism.

Question 77

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:

Select one:

A. the abdomen will become instantly distended.

B. it commonly protrudes through the injury site.

C. peritonitis may not develop for several hours.

D. it will bleed profusely and rapidly cause shock.

Answer 77

C. peritonitis may not develop for several hours.

Question 78

The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to:

Select one:

A. determine if the child’s vital signs are within the age-appropriate limits.

B. facilitate a rapid head-to-toe assessment of the child by visualization only.

C. allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child.

D. gather critical data by performing a rapid hands-on assessment of the child.

Answer 78

C. allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child.

Question 79

You are attending to a 23-year-old female patient who is 16 weeks pregnant with her second child. The patient has apparently fallen and sustained an injury to her upper right arm. When you ask about the incident history, the patient is reluctant to explain what happened and becomes very quiet. Based on this information, you should:

Select one:

A. ask more detailed questions and press the issue until you have a more detailed understanding of the incident.

B. immediately remove the patient from the environment and transport.

C. continue your care in a private area, document any details regarding the scene and the incident, and reassure her as you provide care.

D. contact police and remain at the scene until they arrive and escort you to the hospital.

Answer 79

C. continue your care in a private area, document any details regarding the scene and the incident, and reassure her as you provide care.

Question 80

The difference between preeclampsia and eclampsia is the onset of:

Select One

A. seeing spots
B. seizures
C. swelling in the hands and feet
D. headaches

Answer 80

B. seizures

Question 81

Once the infant is delivered, feel for a brachial pulse or the pulsations in the umbilical cord. If the pulse rate is below ________ beats/min, begin assisted ventilations.

Select One

A. 60
B. 80
C. 100
D. 120

Answer 81

C. 100

Question 82

Black widow spiders may be found in:

Select One

A. New Hampshire
B. Woodpiles
C. California
D. All of the above

Answer 82

D. All of the above

Question 83

When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following questions would be of LEAST pertinence initially?

Select one:

A. Have you noticed any signs or symptoms?

B. What time did the ingestion occur?

C. Do you know what substance was ingested?

D. Why did your child ingest the poison?

Answer 83

D. Why did your child ingest the poison?

Question 84

You assess an infant after delivery and note that the child has a loud cry and withdraws to pain. The heart rate is 94 beats/min, the extremities are cyanotic, respirations are rapid, and the infant strongly resists your attempts to straighten the knees. Determine the Apgar score.

Select One

A. 2

B. 10

C. 8

D. 4

Answer 84

C. 8

Question 85

You have been dispatched to the side of a highway where a woman is reported to be delivering a baby. As you approach the vehicle, you see her lying down in the back seat. As you perform a visual exam, you note crowning. This means that:

Select One

A. the baby is making a crowing-type of sound
B. the baby cannot be visualized
C. you can visualize the baby’s head
D. the father is excited and needs care

Answer 85

C. you can visualize the baby’s head

Question 86

A history of pelvic inflammatory disease or tubal ligations increases a woman’s risk for:

Select one:

A. preeclampsia.

B. placenta previa.

C. gestational diabetes.

D. an ectopic pregnancy.

Answer 86

D. an ectopic pregnancy.

Question 87

Patients with generalized hypothermia are at an increased risk of a local cold injury because:

Select One

A. blood is shunted away from the extremities to the body’s core.
B. peripheral vasodilation brings warm blood to the skin’s surface.
C. the major muscles of the body become rigid during hypothermia.
D. the patient is usually unable to escape the cold ambient temperature.

Answer 87

A. blood is shunted away from the extremities to the body’s core.

Question 88

True or False

The pain of coelenterate stings may respond to flushing with cold water.

Answer 88

False

Persistent pain may respond to immersion in hot water (110°F to 115°F [43.3°C to 46.1°C])

(pg 1173)

Question 89

Commotio Cordis

Answer 89

1. Direct blow to a critical portion (moment) of the heart
2. Ventricular Fibrillation responds well to define within the first 2 minutes

Question 90

Which of the following statements regarding pregnancy is true?

Select One

A. a patient in the third trimester is at a decreased risk for aspiration
B. as the pregnancy continues, the patient will experience slower and deeper breathing
C. by the 20th week of pregnancy, the uterus is at or above the belly button
D. maternal blood volume increases up to 10% by the end of pregnancy

Answer 90

C. by the 20th week of pregnancy, the uterus is at or above the belly button

Question 91

Skeletal muscle is attached to the bone by tough, ropelike, fibrous structures called:

Select one:

A. fascia.

B. tendons.

C. ligaments.

D. cartilage.

Answer 91

B. tendons.

Question 92

Signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion and associated hypovolemia include all of the following except:

Select One

A. cold, clammy skin with ashen pallor
B. dizziness, weakness, or faintness
C. normal vital signs
D. normal thirst

Answer 92

D. normal thirst

Question 93

Which of the following is true regarding injury to the kidneys?

Select one:

A. The kidneys are not well protected.

B. Kidney injuries are rarely caused by blunt trauma.

C. Injury to the kidneys usually indicates injury to other organs.

D. Only minimal force is needed to damage the kidneys.

Answer 93

C. Injury to the kidneys usually indicates injury to other organs.

Question 94

Crepitus and false motion are:

Select one:

A. most common with dislocations.

B. positive indicators of a fracture.

C. indicators of a severe sprain.

D. only seen with open fractures.

Answer 94

B. positive indicators of a fracture.

Question 95

You respond to a residence for a 40-year-old female who was assaulted by her husband; the scene has been secured by law enforcement. Upon your arrival, you find the patient lying supine on the floor in the kitchen. She is semiconscious with severely labored breathing. Further assessment reveals a large bruise to the left anterior chest, jugular venous distention, and unilaterally absent breath sounds. As your partner is supporting her ventilations, you should:

Select one:

A. insert an oropharyngeal airway.

B. obtain a set of baseline vital signs.

C. immediately request ALS support.

D. perform a focused secondary exam.

Answer 95

C. immediately request ALS support.

Question 96

Most snake bites occur between _________ and ___________, when the animals are active.

Answer 96

April; October

Question 97

Most significant diving injuries occur during __________.

Answer 97

Ascent

Question 98

You cannot successfully deliver a _________ presentation in the field.

Select One

A. limb
B. breech
C. vertex
D. cephalic

Answer 98

A. limb

Question 99

__________ is a situation in which the umbilical cord comes out of the vagina before the infant.

Select One

A. eclampsia
B. placenta previa
C. abruptio placenta
D. prolapsed cord

Answer 99

D. prolapsed cord

Question 100

The MOST significant hazard associated with splinting is:

Select one:

A. compression of nerves, tissues, and vasculature.

B. reduction in circulation distal to the injury site.

C. aggravation of the injury or worsened pain.

D. delaying transport of a critically injured patient.

Answer 100

D. delaying transport of a critically injured patient.

Question 101

What is the best method of inactivating a jellyfish sting?

Select One

A. urinating on it
B. flushing the site with cold water
C. applying vinegar
D. applying an ice pack

Answer 101

C. applying vinegar

Question 102

In order to avoid exacerbating a patient’s injury, it is especially important to use extreme caution when providing positive-pressure ventilation to patients with a:

Select one:

A. cardiac tamponade.

B. myocardial contusion.

C. flail chest.

D. pneumothorax.

Answer 102

D. pneumothorax.

Question 103

___________, a common effect of hypothermia, is the body’s attempt to maintain heat. (Micro spasms)

Answer 103

Shivering

Question 104

You have been dispatched to the side of a highway where a woman is reported to be delivering a baby. As you approach the vehicle, you see her lying down in the back seat. Which of the following signs tell you that the birth is imminent?

Select One

a. her water has not broken
b. her contractions are 3-6 minutes apart
c. she is a primigravida
d. the infant is crowning

Answer 104

d. the infant is crowning

Question 105

Burns associated with lightning strikes are typically:

Select one:

A. third-degree.

B. superficial.

C. full-thickness.

D. partial-thickness.

Answer 105

B. superficial.

Question 106

True or False

Long-sleeved shirts and long pants are considered dangerous for EMS responders in extreme heat and are not necessary because they provide only minimal protection from exposure.

Answer 106

False

Long-sleeve shirts and long pants may be uncomfortable in warm weather; however, they can help you from being splashed by blood or other bodily fluids. (Page 1152)

Question 107

Which of the following statements regarding multiple gestations is false?

Select One

A. you should consider the possibility of twins when the first infant is small and the mother’s abdomen remains fairly large after the birth

B. you should record the time of birth on each twin separately

C. there is only one placenta with the birth of twins

D. the second baby will usually be born within 45 minutes of the first

Answer 107

C. there is only one placenta with the birth of twins

Question 108

You are assessing a 33-year-old male who complains of severe abdominal pain, weakness, and nausea. He tells you that he was gathering wood to build a fire when he felt a sudden, sharp pain on the back of his hand. Your assessment reveals that the patient’s abdomen is rigid and painful to palpation.

You should suspect:

A. envenomation from a pit viper.

B. a black widow spider bite.

C. a brown recluse spider bite.

D. Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

Answer 108

B. a black widow spider bite.

Question 109

Never assume that a(n) __________, pulseless patient is dead.

Select One

A. apneic
B. cyanotic
C. cold
D. hypothermic

Answer 109

D. hypothermic

Question 110

The “P” in Apgar stands for:

Select One

A. perfusion

B. pulse

C. pupils

D. position

Answer 110

B. pulse

Question 111

If a patient has a hot skin temperature, he or she likely is:

Select One

A. hypothermic
B. hyperthermic
C. hypoglycemic
D. hypervolemic

Answer 111

B. hyperthermic

Question 112

You respond to a local lake where a diver complains of difficulty breathing that occurred immediately after rapidly ascending from a depth of approximately 30 feet. On assessment, you note that he has cyanosis around his lips and has pink froth coming from his nose and mouth. You should:

Select one:

A. place him in a semi-sitting position, suction his mouth and nose, apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, and transport to the closest emergency department.

B. suction his mouth and nose, keep him supine and elevate his legs to prevent air bubbles from entering his brain, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport to a hyperbaric chamber.

C. suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, monitor the patient’s breath sounds for a pneumothorax, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility.

D. position him supine with his head elevated 30°, suction his mouth and nose, hyperventilate him with a bag-valve mask, and contact medical control for further guidance.

Answer 112

C. suction his mouth and nose, apply high-flow oxygen, monitor the patient’s breath sounds for a pneumothorax, and contact medical control regarding transport to a recompression facility.

Question 113

Which of the following is most likely to cause immediate death?

Select one:

A. Aortic rupture

B. Aortic dissection

C. Myocardial contusion

D. Pulmonary contusion

Answer 113

A. Aortic rupture

Question 114

True or False

If you are unsure as to whether a hypothermic patient has a pulse present, palpate the carotid artery for 15 to 20 seconds.

Answer 114

False

Palpate the carotid for 60 seconds. (pg 1147)

Question 115

True or False

The strongest stimulus for breathing is an elevation of oxygen in the blood.

Answer 115

False

The strongest stimulus for breathing is an elevation of Carbon Dioxide in the blood.

(Hypercapnic Drive)

Question 116

Toxins from the spines of urchins and stingrays are _________ __________.

Answer 116

Heat sensitive

(Page 1173)

Question 117

Most heat stroke cases occur when the temperature is around _________ and the humidity is 80%.

Select One

A. 80 degrees F
B. 90 degrees F
C. 100 degrees F
D. 110 degrees F

Answer 117

A. 80 degrees F

Question 118

True or False

The body’s most efficient heat-regulating mechanisms are sweating and dilation of skin blood vessels.

Answer 118

True

Question 119

A dysbarism injury refers to the signs and symptoms related to changes in

Answer 119

Barometric pressure

Question 120

You should consider the possibility of a(n) ___________ in women who have missed a menstrual cycle and complain of a sudden stabbing and usually unilateral pain in the lower abdomen.

Select One

A. PID
B. ectopic pregnancy
C. miscarriage
D. placenta abruptio

Answer 120

B. ectopic pregnancy

Question 121

True or False

The small mucous plug from the cervix that is discharged from the vagina, often at the beginning of labor, is called a bloody show.

Answer 121

True

Question 122

True or False

The most common type of pit viper is the copperhead.

Answer 122

False

Rattlesnake is the most common (pg 1169)

Question 123

Placing a pregnant patient in a supine position during the third trimester of pregnancy:

Select one:

A. results in spontaneous urinary incontinence if the bladder is full.

B. is recommended if the patient has severe abdominal discomfort.

C. often causes hypotension secondary to cardiac compression.

D. may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart.

Answer 123

D. may decrease the amount of blood that returns to the heart.

Question 124

The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the:

Select one:

A. nervous system.

B. cardiovascular system.

C. respiratory system.

D. renal system.

Answer 124

A. nervous system.

Question 125

Your presence is requested by law enforcement to assess a 33-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious and obviously upset. As you are talking to her, you note an impressive amount of blood on her clothes in the groin area. Her blood pressure is 98/58 mm Hg, her pulse is 130 beats/min, and her respirations are 24 breaths/min. You should:

Select one:

A. allow her to change her clothes and take a shower before you transport.

B. arrange for a rape crisis center representative to speak with the patient.

C. visualize the vaginal area and pack the vagina with sterile dressings.

D. control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.

Answer 125

D. control any external bleeding, administer oxygen, and transport at once.

Question 126

A spinal cord injury at the level of C7 would MOST likely result in:

Select one:

A. paralysis of all the respiratory muscles.

B. paralysis of the diaphragm.

C. immediate cardiac arrest.

D. paralysis of the intercostal muscles.

Answer 126

D. paralysis of the intercostal muscles.

Question 127

Which of the following is not true regarding delivery with a nuchal cord?

Select One

A. gently slip the cord over the infant’s head or shoulder
B. clamp the cord and cut it before delivering the infant
C. clamp the cord, then suction the airway before cutting the cord
D. Clamp the cord and cut it, then gently unwind it from around the neck if wrapped around more than once

Answer 127

C. clamp the cord, then suction the airway BEFORE cutting the cord

Question 128

It is important to remain hydrated while on duty. Drink at least ________ of water per day, and more when exertion or heat is involved.

Select One

A. 8 glasses
B. 1 liter
C. 2 liters
D. 3 liters

Answer 128

D. 3 liters

Question 129

You have been dispatched to the side of a highway where a woman is reported to be delivering a baby. As you approach the vehicle, you see her lying down in the back seat. Once the infant’s head has been delivered:

Select One

A. suction the infant’s nose, and then mouth
B. apply oxygen over the mother’s vagina
C. suction the infant’s mouth, then the nose
D. apply a nasal cannula at 3 L/min to the infant

Answer 129

C. suction the infant’s mouth, then the nose

Question 130

Signs and symptoms of severe systemic hypothermia include all of the following except:

Select One

A. weak pulse
B. coma
C. shivering
D. very slow respirations

Answer 130

C. shivering

Question 131

While jogging, a 19-year-old male experienced an acute onset of shortness of breath and pleuritic chest pain. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Your assessment reveals that he has diminished breath sounds over the left side of the chest.

You should:

A. administer oxygen and transport to the hospital.

B. circumferentially tape a dressing around his chest.

C. immediately perform a rapid head-to-toe exam.

D. recognize that he needs a needle decompression.

Answer 131

A. administer oxygen and transport to the hospital.

Question 132

A 28-year-old male was struck in the chest with a baseball bat during an altercation. He is conscious and alert and complains of severe chest pain. Your assessment reveals a large area of ecchymosis over the sternum and a rapid, irregular pulse. In addition to providing supplemental oxygen, you should:

Select one:

A. prepare for immediate transport.

B. apply bulky dressings to the sternum.

C. determine if he has cardiac problems.

D. apply an AED and assess his BP.

Answer 132

A. prepare for immediate transport.

Question 133

To assess a patient’s general temperature, pull back on your glove and place the back of your hand on his or her skin at the:

Answer 133

Abdomen

Question 134

A pregnant trauma patient may lose a significant amount of blood before showing signs of shock because:

Select one:

A. pregnant patients can dramatically increase their heart rate.

B. blood is shunted to the uterus and fetus during major trauma.

C. pregnant patients have an overall increase in blood volume.

D. pregnancy causes vasodilation and a lower blood pressure.

Answer 134

C. pregnant patients have an overall increase in blood volume.

Question 135

During your secondary assessment of a 30-year-old male who fell 25 feet, you note crepitus when palpating his pelvis. Your partner advises you that the patient’s blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak. After completing your assessment, you should:

Select one:

A. stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine.

B. perform a focused physical exam with emphasis on the pelvis.

C. log roll the patient onto a long backboard and transport at once.

D. defer spinal immobilization and transport to a trauma center.

Answer 135

A. stabilize the pelvis with a pelvic binder and protect the spine.

Question 136

Closed chest injuries are typically caused by _______.

Select one:

A. flying debris

B. high-velocity weapons

C. penetrating trauma

D. blunt trauma

Answer 136

D. blunt trauma

Question 137

True or False

Potential safety hazards in the environment can include wet grass, mud, or icy streets.

Answer 137

True

Question 138

Which of the following statements regarding the brown recluse spider is false?

Select One

A. it is larger than the black widow spider
B. it lives mostly in the southern and central parts of the country
C. venom is not neurotoxic
D. bites rarely cause systemic signs and symptoms

Answer 138

A. it is larger than the black widow spider

Question 139

When giving chest compressions to an infant:

Select One

A. use the hands-encircling technique or the two-finger technique

B. press the palm of your had over the sternum, compressing 1” to 1 1/2” deep

C. compress at a rate of 60 to 80 times a minute

D. compress the sternum one quarter the depth of the chest

Answer 139

A. use the hands-encircling technique or the two-finger technique

Question 140

True or False

The umbilical cord may be gently pulled to aid in delivery of the placenta.

Answer 140

False

Question 141

To assess a patient’s general temperature, pull back your glove and place the back of your hand on the patient’s:

Select One

A. abdomen, underneath clothing
B. forehead
C. forearm, on the inside of the wrist
D. neck, at the area where you check the carotid pulse

Answer 141

A. abdomen, underneath clothing

Question 142

Which of the following is an early sign of pit viper envenomation?

Select one:

A. Syncope and bleeding at distal sites

B. Signs and symptoms of hypoperfusion

C. Local swelling and ecchymosis

D. General weakness and diaphoresis

Answer 142

C. Local swelling and ecchymosis

Question 143

Signs of envenomation by a pit viper include all of the following except:

Select One

A. swelling
B. chest pain
C. ecchymosis
D. severe burning pain at the site of the injury

Answer 143

B. chest pain

Question 144

When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F (21°C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called:

Select one:

A. conduction.

B. evaporation.

C. convection.

D. radiation.

Answer 144

A. conduction.

Question 145

True or False

If called to deliver an infant who may have died in the uterus, you could notice skin blisters and dark discoloration to the infant.

Answer 145

True

Question 146

Premature separation of the placenta from the wall of the uterus is known as:

Select One

A. eclampsia
B. placenta previa
C. abruptio placenta
D. prolapsed cord

Answer 146

C. abruptio placenta

Question 147

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Select one:

A. a stiff or painful neck.

B. headache and fever.

C. altered mental status.

D. sunken fontanelles.

Answer 147

D. sunken fontanelles.

Question 148

Low blood pressure resulting from compression of the inferior vena cava by the weight of the fetus when the mother is supine is called:

Select One

A. pregnancy-induced hypertension
B. placenta previa
C. placenta abruptio
D. supine hypotensive syndrome

Answer 148

D. supine hypotensive syndrome

Question 149

In a diving emergency, ___________ occurs when bubbles of gas, especially nitrogen, obstruct the blood vessels.

Select One

A. compression sickness
B. decompression sickness
C. pulmonary sickness
D. nitrogen toxicity

Answer 149

B. decompression sickness

Question 150

Which of the following medications increases a person’s risk of a heat-related emergency?

Select One

A. Tylenol
B. Asprin
C. Motrin
D. Diuretic

Answer 150

D. Diuretics

Question 151

At 1400 in July, the weather is 105 degrees F and very humid. You have been called for a “man down” at the park. As you arrive, you recognize him as an alcoholic who has been a “frequent flyer” with your service. It looks like he had been sitting under a tree when he fell over, unconscious. As you assess the patient, he has cold, clammy skin and a dry tongue.

You suspect that:

A. he is well-hydrated
B. he has suffered heat exhaustion
C. he is hypothermic
D. he has heatstroke

Answer 151

B. he has suffered heat exhaustion

Question 152

Once the infant is completely delivered, you should:

Select One

A. dry and wrap the infant in a blanket

B. keep the infant at the level of the vagina until the umbilical cord is cut

C. use sterile gauze and wipe out the infant’s mouth

D. all of the above

Answer 152

D. all of the above

Question 153

Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct?

Select one:

A. SIDS is most commonly the result of an overwhelming infection.

B. Certain cases of SIDS are predictable and therefore preventable.

C. The cause of death following SIDS can be established by autopsy.

D. Death as a result of SIDS can occur at any time of the day or night.

Answer 153

D. Death as a result of SIDS can occur at any time of the day or night.

Question 154

_________ are eight-legged arachnids with a venom gland and stinger at the end of their tail.

Answer 154

Scorpions

Question 155

The first month of life after birth is referred to as the:

Select one:

A. toddler period.

B. start of infancy.

C. neonatal period.

D. premature phase.

Answer 155

C. neonatal period.

Question 156

Often, the first sign of heatstroke is:

Select One

A. a change in behavior
B. an increase in pulse rate
C. an increase in respirations
D. hot, dry, flushed skin

Answer 156

A. a change in behavior

Question 157

A patient presents with a sudden onset of shortness of breath three days following a delivery. What is likely the underlying cause of this condition?

Select One

A. pulmonary hypertension

B. pulmonary inflammation

C. pulmonary embolism

D. pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 157

C. pulmonary embolism

Question 158

The first stage of labor begins with the onset of contractions and ends when:

Select One

A. the infant is born
B. the cervix is fully dilated
C. the water breaks
D. the placenta is delivered

Answer 158

B. the cervix is fully dilated

Question 159

True or False

Cottonmouths are known for aggressive behavior.

Answer 159

True

Question 160

When preparing a pregnant patient for delivery, you should position her:

Select one:

A. in a supine position with her legs spread.

B. on a firm surface with her hips elevated 2 to 4 inches.

C. on her left side with the right leg elevated.

D. in a sitting position with her hips elevated 12 inches.

Answer 160

B. on a firm surface with her hips elevated 2 to 4 inches.

Question 161

In which of the following situations should the EMT splint an injured limb in the position of deformity?

Select one:

A. When distal circulation and neurological functions are absent

B. If resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain

C. If transport time to the hospital is greater than 20 to 30 minutes

D. If a traction splint will be used to immobilize the injured extremity

Answer 161

B. If resistance is encountered or the patient experiences severe pain

Question 162

You may help control bleeding by massaging the _________ after delivery of the placenta.

Select One

A. perineum
B. fundus
C. lower back
D. inner thighs

Answer 162

B. fundus

Question 163

True or False

A limb presentation occurs when the baby’s arm, leg, or foot is emerging from the vagina first.

Answer 163

True

Question 164

To obtain the MOST accurate reading of a patient’s core body temperature, you should place a special hypothermia thermometer:

Select One

A. into a patient’s rectum
B. under the patient’s armpit
C. behind the patient’s knee
D. under the patient’s tongue

Answer 164

A. into a patient’s rectum

Question 165

From what internal female organ is the fetus expelled during delivery?

Select one:

A. Perineum

B. Uterus

C. Vagina

D. Cervix

Answer 165

B. Uterus

Question 166

True or False

Delivery of the buttocks before the baby’s head is called a breach delivery.

Answer 166

True

Question 167

Hemoptysis

Answer 167

Spitting or coughing up blood

Question 168

Hypothermia is more common among all of the following except:

Select One

A. older individuals
B. long-distance athletes
C. infants and children
D. those who are already ill

Answer 168

B. long-distance athletes​

Question 169

Coelenterates are responsible for more ________ than any other marine animal.

Answer 169

Envenomations

Question 170

The characteristic appearance of blue lips and/or fingertips seen in hypothermia is the result of:

Select One

A. lack of oxygen in arterial blood
B. frostbite
C. blood vessels constricting
D. lack of oxygen in venous blood

Answer 170

C. blood vessels constricting

Question 171

When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should:

Select one:

A. carefully examine the genitalia for signs of injury.

B. immediately report your suspicions to the parents.

C. have a female EMT remain with her if possible.

D. encourage the child to urinate and take a shower.

Answer 171

C. have a female EMT remain with her if possible.

Question 172

Common interventions used to stimulate spontaneous respirations in the newborn include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Select one:

A. some form of tactile stimulation.

B. thorough drying with a towel.

C. positive-pressure ventilations.

D. suctioning of the upper airway.

Answer 172

C. positive-pressure ventilations.

Question 173

The transfer of heat to circulating air, such as when cool air moves across the body’s surface, is called:

Select One

A. radiation.
B. conduction.
C. convection.
D. evaporation.

Answer 173

C. convection.

Question 174

Most of the serious injuries associated with scuba diving are caused by:

Select one:

A. cold water temperature.

B. alcohol consumption.

C. too rapid of a descent.

D. too rapid of an ascent.

Answer 174

D. too rapid of an ascent.

Question 175

An open fracture is MOST accurately defined as a fracture in which:

Select one:

A. a bullet shatters the underlying bone.

B. bone ends protrude through the skin.

C. a large laceration overlies the fracture.

D. the overlying skin is no longer intact.

Answer 175

D. the overlying skin is no longer intact.

Question 176

You receive a call to a residence for a sick patient. Upon your arrival, you find the patient, a 53-year-old diabetic male, lying down on his front porch. His wife tells you that he had been mowing the lawn in the heat for the past 3 hours. The patient is confused and has hot, moist skin. His pulse is weak and thready, and his blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg. You should:

Select one:

A. administer one tube of oral glucose and reassess his mental status.

B. load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions.

C. perform a head-to-toe assessment and look for signs of trauma.

D. place him in a sitting position and have him drink 1 L of water.

Answer 176

B. load him into the ambulance and begin rapid cooling interventions.

Question 177

In the United States, the most common form of pit viper is the __________.

Answer 177

Rattlesnake

Question 178

By the 20th week of pregnancy, the uterus is typically at or above the level of the mother’s:

Select one:

A. xiphoid process.

B. superior diaphragm.

C. pubic bone.

D. belly button.

Answer 178

D. belly button.

Question 179

Geriatric patients are at a higher risk for Illnesses due to extreme environmental temperatures because:

Answer 179

Poor circulation contributes to increased heat loss.

Loss of subcutaneous tissue as they age reduces the amount of insulation they have.

(Page 1142)

Question 180

You and your partner respond to a park where several people were reportedly struck by lightning. When you arrive, you find three patients. The first patient is lying supine on the ground; he is unresponsive and does not appear to be breathing. The second patient is ambulatory, appears confused, and is holding his arm against his chest. The third patient is sitting on the ground holding the sides of his head. After calling for backup, you should:

Select one:

A. recognize that the patients who are conscious are at high risk for developing cardiac arrest and quickly assess them for potentially life-threatening injuries.

B. immediately begin CPR on the unresponsive patient, but cease resuscitation efforts if there is no response after 5 minutes of treatment.

C. focus your initial treatment efforts on the patients who are conscious because the unresponsive patient is likely in irreversible cardiac arrest.

D. assess the unresponsive patient’s pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible.

Answer 180

D. assess the unresponsive patient’s pulse, begin CPR starting with chest compressions if he is pulseless, and attach the AED as soon as possible.

Question 181

An open pneumothorax occurs when:

Select one:

A. air enters the pleural space from outside the body.

B. a fractured rib perforates the tissue of the lung.

C. extreme pleural pressure causes the lung to rupture.

D. air enters the pleural space from a perforated lung.

Answer 181

A. air enters the pleural space from outside the body.

Question 182

During your visual inspection of a 25-year-old woman in labor, you see the baby’s head crowning at the vaginal opening. What should you do?

Select one:

A. Apply gentle pressure to the baby’s head as it delivers.

B. Place your fingers in the vagina to assess for a nuchal cord.

C. Maintain firm pressure to the head until it completely delivers.

D. Tell the mother not to push and transport her immediately.

Answer 182

A. Apply gentle pressure to the baby’s head as it delivers.

Question 183

The amniotic fluid serves to:

Select one:

A. transfer oxygen to the fetus.

B. insulate and protect the fetus.

C. remove viruses from the fetus.

D. assist in fetal development.

Answer 183

B. insulate and protect the fetus.

Question 184

Pale skin in a child indicates that the:

Select one:

A. blood vessels near the skin are constricted.

B. child is in severe decompensated shock.

C. oxygen content in the blood is decreased.

D. child’s core body temperature is elevated.

Answer 184

A. blood vessels near the skin are constricted.

Question 185

A simple pneumothorax:

Select one:

A. is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma.

B. heals on its own without any treatment.

C. often has a nontraumatic cause.

D. is caused by penetrating chest trauma.

Answer 185

A. is commonly caused by blunt chest trauma.

Question 186

A 54-year-old male accidentally shot himself in the leg while cleaning his gun. Your assessment reveals a small entrance wound to the medial aspect of his right leg. The exit wound is on the opposite side of the leg and is actively bleeding. The patient complains of numbness and tingling in his right foot.

You should:

A. gently manipulate the injured leg until the numbness dissipates.

B. control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing.

C. assess distal pulses as well as sensory and motor functions.

D. manually stabilize the leg above and below the site of injury.

Answer 186

B. control the bleeding and cover the wound with a sterile dressing.

Question 187

When treating multiple victims of lightning strikes, who should you concentrate your efforts on first?

Select One

A. conscious patients
B. unconscious patients in respiratory or cardiac arrest
C. all unconscious patients
D. none of the above

Answer 187

B. unconscious patients in respiratory or cardiac arrest

See reverse triage (page 1166)

Question 188

An air embolism associated with diving occurs when:

Select One

A. the alveoli completely collapse due to high pressure.
B. high water pressure forces air into the mediastinum.
C. the diver hyperventilates prior to entering the water.
D. the diver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent.

Answer 188

D. the diver holds his or her breath during a rapid ascent.

Question 189

True or False

A woman who is having her first baby is called a multigravida.

Answer 189

False

Question 190

All of the following conditions refer to when exposed parts of the body become very cold, but not frozen, except:

Select One

A. frostnip
B. trench foot
C. immersion foot
D. frostbite

Answer 190

D. frostbite

Question 191

Which of the following statements about heat cramps is false?

Select One

A. they only occur when it is hot outdoors
B. they may be seen in well-conditioned athletes
C. the exact cause of heat cramps is not well understood
D. dehydration may play a role in the development of heat cramps

Answer 191

A. they only occur when it is hot outdoors

Question 192

All of the following are hollow abdominal organs, EXCEPT the:

Select one:

A. ureters.

B. stomach.

C. spleen.

D. bladder.

Answer 192

C. spleen.

Question 193

Ovulation occurs approximately _________ before menstruation.

Select One

A. 1 week
B. 2 weeks
C. 3 weeks
D. 4 weeks

Answer 193

B. 2 weeks

Question 194

If a baby is born at 7:52, the second Apgar score should be calculated at:

Select one:

A. 8:00.

B. 7:57.

C. 7:53.

D. 7:59.

Answer 194

B. 7:57.

Question 195

Potential problems associated with rupture of the lungs include all of the following except:

Select One

A. air emboli
B. pneumomediastinum
C. pneumothorax
D. hemopneumothorax

Answer 195

D. hemopneumothorax

Question 196

True or False

Pregnant teenagers may not know that they are pregnant.

Answer 196

True

Question 197

Which of the following MOST accurately describes hyperthermia?

Select one:

A. Heat evaporates a significant amount of body water.

B. The body eliminates more heat than it can generate.

C. The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose.

D. The core body temperature exceeds 99.5°F (37°C).

Answer 197

C. The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose.

Question 198

You arrive at the scene of a home delivery. Upon entering the scene, the father appears upset and hands you a limp baby. The child has a weak cry, is completely cyanotic, and has a pulse of 70 beats/min. Respirations are slow.

Determine the Apgar score.

A. 3

B. 9

C. 2

D. 7

Answer 198

C. 2​

Question 199

When handling a delivery involving a drug or alcohol-addicted mother, your first concern should be for:

Select One

A. the mother’s airway
B. your personal safety
C. the infant’s airway
D. the need for CPR for the infant

Answer 199

B. your personal safety

Question 200

True or False

Normal body temperature is 98.6 degrees F.

Answer 200

True

Question 201

___________ is heralded by the onset of convulsions, or seizures, resulting from severe hypertension in the pregnant woman.

Select One

A. eclampsia
B. placenta previa
C. placenta abruptio
D. supine hypotensive syndrome

Answer 201

A. eclampsia

Question 202

A fracture is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

Select one:

A. break in the continuity of the bone.

B. total loss of function in a bone.

C. abnormality in the structure of a bone.

D. disruption in the midshaft of a bone.

Answer 202

A. break in the continuity of the bone.

Question 203

If a patient has a cold skin temperature, he or she likely is:

Select One

A. hypothermic
B. hyperthermic
C. hypovolemic
D. hypoglycemic

Answer 203

A. hypothermic​

Question 204

The EMT must assume that any unwitnessed water-related incident is accompanied by:

Select one:

A. cold-water immersion.

B. an air embolism.

C. possible spinal injury.

D. alcohol intoxication.

Answer 204

C. possible spinal injury.

Question 205

Which of the following is not considered a possible effect to the fetus when the mother is a known substance abuser?

Select One

A. low birth weight
B. spina bifida
C. prematurity
D. severe respiratory depression

Answer 205

B. spina bifida

Question 206

A man called EMS 12 hours after injuring his chest. Your assessment reveals a flail segment to the right side of the chest. The patient is experiencing respiratory distress and his oxygen saturation is 78%. His breath sounds are equal bilaterally and his jugular veins are normal. You should suspect:

Select one:

A. massive hemothorax.

B. traumatic asphyxia.

C. pulmonary contusion.

D. tension pneumothorax.

Answer 206

C. pulmonary contusion.

A. Incorrect - massive hemothorax.

This is indicated by one-sided or diminished lung sound.

B. traumatic asphyxia.

This is a pattern of injuries been after a severe force has been applied to the chest, forcing blood back from the great vessels into the head and neck. Jugular distention would be noted.

D. tension pneumothorax.

This is indicated by one-sided or diminished lung sound.

Question 207

When performing CPR on a newborn, a compression to ventilation ratio of 3:1 should be used; this will yield a total of ________ “actions” per minute.

Select One

A. 90
B. 100
C. 110
D. 120

Answer 207

D. 120

Question 208

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries would MOST likely result in deformity?

Select one:

A. Severe strain

B. Moderate sprain

C. Displaced fracture

D. Hairline fracture

Answer 208

C. Displaced fracture

Question 209

The least common but most serious illness caused by heat exposure, occurring when the body is subjected to more heat than it can handle and normal mechanisms for getting rid of the excess heat are overwhelmed, is:

Select One

A. hyperthermia
B. heat cramps
C. heat exhaustion
D. heat stroke

Answer 209

D. heat stroke

Question 210

A nuchal cord is defined as an umbilical cord that:

Select one:

A. is wrapped around the baby’s neck.

B. is lacerated due to a traumatic delivery.

C. has separated from the placenta.

D. has abnormally developed blood vessels.

Answer 210

A. is wrapped around the baby’s neck.

Question 211

When a patient stiffens the muscles of the abdomen, it is known as _______.

Select one:

A. instability.

B. distention.

C. crepitus.

D. guarding.

Answer 211

D. guarding.

Question 212

During your assessment of a 29-year-old female with significant deformity to her left elbow, you are unable to palpate a radial pulse. Your transport time to the hospital is approximately 40 minutes.

You should:

A. apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse.

B. make two or three attempts to restore distal circulation by manipulating the elbow.

C. splint the elbow in the position of deformity and transport immediately.

D. carefully straighten the injured arm and secure it with padded board splints.

Answer 212

A. apply gentle manual traction in line with the limb and reassess for a pulse.

Question 213

Patients with chest injuries will often present with _______.

Select one:

A. tachypnea

B. agonal respirations

C. Cheyne-Stokes respirations

D. Kussmaul respirations

Answer 213

A. tachypnea

Question 214

The ____________ and ___________ systems are the most commonly injured during a lightning strike.

Answer 214

Cardiovascular; Nervous

Question 215

The Apgar score should be calculated at ___________ minutes after birth.

Select One

A. 1 and 5
B. 3 and 7
C. 2 and 10
D. 4 and 8

Answer 215

A. 1 and 5

Question 216

The presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid indicates:

Select one:

A. that the baby’s airway may be obstructed.

B. that full newborn resuscitation will be needed.

C. an expected finding in full-term infants.

D. that the fetus is at least 4 weeks premature.

Answer 216

A. that the baby’s airway may be obstructed.

Question 217

Management of hypothermia in the field consists of all of the following except:

Select One

A. applying heat packs to the groin, axillary, and cervical regions
B. removing wet clothing
C. preventing further heat loss
D. massaging the cold extremities

Answer 217

D. massaging the cold extremities

Question 218

True or False

Abuse during the pregnancy increases the chance of miscarriage, premature delivery, and low birth weight.

Answer 218

True

Question 219

You should suspect a kidney injury anytime the patient presents with _______.

Select one:

A. abdominal distention

B. dyspnea

C. a hematoma in the flank region

D. nausea

Answer 219

C. a hematoma in the flank region

Question 220

True or False

Once labor has begun, it can be slowed by holding the patient’s legs together.

Answer 220

False

Question 221

If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long, it may stimulate the vagus nerve and:

Select One

A. Slow the heart rate.

B. Enter the esophagus.

C. Cause gastric distention.

D. All of the above.

Answer 221

D. All of the above.

Question 222

A 17-year-old female dislocated her patella while playing soccer. Her knee is flexed and she complains of severe pain.

You should:

A. make one attempt to return the patella to its normal position.

B. gently straighten her knee and apply a padded board splint.

C. keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints.

D. flex her knee slightly more and assess for distal circulation.

Answer 222

C. keep her knee flexed and secure it with padded board splints.

Question 223

Which of the following statements regarding abdominal eviscerations is correct?

Select one:

A. The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist.

B. Adherent material is preferred when covering an evisceration.

C. The organs should be replaced carefully to avoid heat loss.

D. Most eviscerations occur to the left upper quadrant.

Answer 223

A. The protruding organs should be kept warm and moist.

Question 224

To treat a sting from a jellyfish, immersion in ________ of the affected area may help alleviate symptoms.

Answer 224

Vinegar

(Page 1173)

Question 225

The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominal cavity by the:

Select one:

A. diaphragm.

B. costovertebral angle.

C. anterior rib cage.

D. intercostal margin.

Answer 225

A. diaphragm.

Question 226

Coral snake venom is a powerful toxin that causes __________ of the nervous system.

Select One

A. paralysis
B. hyperactivity
C. hypoactivity
D. hemiparesis

Answer 226

A. paralysis

Question 227

The three phases of a dive, in the order they occur, are:

Select One

A. ascent descent, and bottom
B. descent, bottom, and ascent
C. orientation, bottom and ascent
D. descent, orientation, and ascent

Answer 227

B. descent, bottom, and ascent

Question 228

Contributing factors to the development of heat illnesses include all of the following except:

Select One

A. high air temperature
B. vigorous exercise
C. high humidity
D. increased fluid intake

Answer 228

D. increased fluid intake

Question 229

A 22-year-old female was ejected from her car after striking a tree head-on. As you approach her, you note obvious closed deformities to both of her femurs. She is not moving and does not appear to be conscious.

You should:

A. stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment.

B. assess for a carotid pulse and assist her ventilations.

C. apply manual stabilization to both of her femurs.

D. administer oxygen and perform a rapid assessment.

Answer 229

A. stabilize her head and perform a primary assessment.

Question 230

With regard to musculoskeletal injuries, the zone of injury is defined as the:

Select one:

A. part of the body that sustained secondary injury.

B. area of obvious deformity over the site of impact.

C. area of soft-tissue damage surrounding the injury.

D. exact part of the bone or joint that was disrupted.

Answer 230

C. area of soft-tissue damage surrounding the injury.

Question 231

When a person is lying supine at the end of exhalation, the diaphragm:

Select one:

A. is less prone to penetrating trauma.

B. descends below the level of the navel.

C. contracts and flattens inferiorly.

D. may rise as high as the nipple line.

Answer 231

D. may rise as high as the nipple line.

Question 232

True or False

Crowning occurs when the baby’s head obstructs the birth canal, preventing normal delivery.

Answer 232

False

Question 233

After delivery, if the infant does not begin breathing after _______ seconds, you should begin resuscitation efforts.

Select One

A. 5-10

B. 10-15

C. 15-20

D. 20-25

Answer 233

B. 10-15

Question 234

_________ is a serum containing antibodies that counteracts venom.

Answer 234

Antivenom

Question 235

The third stage of labor begins with the birth of the infant and ends with the:

Select One

A. release of milk from the breasts
B. cessation of uterine contractions
C. delivery of the placenta
D. cutting of the umbilical cord

Answer 235

C. delivery of the placenta

Question 236

When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the:

Select one:

A. height of the child and the speed at which the car was traveling.

B. age of the child and the size of the car that struck him or her.

C. size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact.

D. speed at which the car was traveling when impact occurred.

Answer 236

B. age of the child and the size of the car that struck him or her.

Question 237

A 30-year-old male was rescued after being lost in the woods for approximately 18 hours. The outside temperature is 30°F (–1°C). He is immediately placed in the warmed ambulance, where you perform a primary assessment. He is unresponsive, pale, and apneic. You should:

Select one:

A. apply an AED and assess his cardiac rhythm.

B. assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds.

C. apply chemical heat packs to his groin and axillae.

D. open his airway and give two rescue breaths.

Answer 237

B. assess for a carotid pulse for up to 60 seconds.

Question 238

You should never give up on resuscitating a cold-water drowning victim because:

Select One

A. when the patient is submerged in water colder than body temperature, heat is maintained in the body
B. the resulting hypothermia can protect vital organs from the lack of oxygen
C. the resulting hypothermia raises the metabolic rate
D. all of the above

Answer 238

B. the resulting hypothermia can protect vital organs from the lack of oxygen

Question 239

You arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unresponsive, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals bilaterally clear and equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient has experienced a:

Select one:

A. massive hemothorax.

B. tension pneumothorax.

C. pericardial tamponade.

D. laceration of the aorta.

Answer 239

D. laceration of the aorta.

Question 240

Common signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Select one:

A. nausea.

B. tachycardia.

C. hot, dry skin.

D. headache.

Answer 240

C. hot, dry skin.

Question 241

Which of the following refers to greenish or foul-smelling amniotic fluid?

Select One

A. nuchal rigidity
B. meconium staining
C. placenta previa
D. bloody show

Answer 241

B. meconium staining

Question 242

Compression injury is most likely due to which of the following?

Select one:

A. Improperly placed lab belt

B. Hollow-organ rupture

C. Ejection of unrestrained driver

D. Stabbing

Answer 242

A. Improperly placed lab belt

Question 243

Small infants have a poor ability to thermoregulate and are unable to shiver to control heat loss until about the age of:

Select One

A. 4-6 months
B. 6-12 months
C. 12-18 months
D. 18-24 months

Answer 243

C. 12-18 months

Question 244

True or False

The goal with the patient with moderate-to-severe hypothermia is to prevent further heat loss.

Answer 244

True

Question 245

Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine:

Select one:

A. prompt transport to the hospital is essential.

B. the EMT must perform a thorough exam.

C. the abdomen must be vigorously palpated.

D. vital signs should be monitored frequently.

Answer 245

A. prompt transport to the hospital is essential.

Question 246

When treating a patient with frostbite, never attempt ____________ if there is any chance that the part may freeze again before the patient reaches the hospital.

Answer 246

Rewarming

Question 247

The musculoskeletal system refers to the:

Select one:

A. involuntary muscles of the nervous system.

B. nervous system’s control over the muscles.

C. bones and voluntary muscles of the body.

D. connective tissue that supports the skeleton.

Answer 247

C. bones and voluntary muscles of the body.

Question 248

When caring for a patient with a possible fracture of the scapula, the EMT should:

Select one:

A. apply rigid board splints across the chest and back.

B. assume that minimal force was applied to the back.

C. recognize that scapular fractures are life threatening.

D. carefully assess the patient for breathing problems.

Answer 248

D. carefully assess the patient for breathing problems.

Question 249

A 31-year-old male was bitten on the leg by an unidentified snake. The patient is conscious and alert and in no apparent distress. Your assessment of his leg reveals two small puncture marks with minimal pain and swelling. In addition to administering oxygen and providing reassurance, further care for this patient should include:

Select one:

A. elevating the lower extremities and giving antivenin.

B. supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting.

C. applying ice to the wound and transporting quickly.

D. transporting only with close, continuous monitoring.

Answer 249

B. supine positioning, splinting the leg, and transporting.

Question 250

True or False

Multiple births may have more than one placenta.

Answer 250

True

Question 251

Your documentation on a sexual assault victim should _______.

Select one:

A. be subjective and summarize the crime

B. be objective and factual

C. include your opinion of the nature of the incident

D. describe the status of the suspect(s)

Answer 251

B. be objective and factual

Question 252

Evaporation, the conversion of a liquid to a gas, is a process that requires:

Select One

A. Energy
B. Circulation
C. A warmer ambient temperature
D. High humidity

Answer 252

A. Energy

Question 253

Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler:

Select one:

A. at the feet.

B. in the ambulance.

C. at the head.

D. en route to the hospital.

Answer 253

A. at the feet.

Question 254

You and your partner are both male and are attending to a 28-year-old female patient complaining of diffuse abdominal pain. The patient is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. The patient refuses to allow you to examine her, and her husband informs you that their culture does not allow males to examine or care for pregnant women. You should:

Select one:

A. respect the patient’s wishes, ensure that the appropriate documentation is completed, and transport the patient.

B. inform the patient that by calling for an ambulance, she is agreeing to the care provided and continue with your assessment and management.

C. call for the police to ensure that patient assessment is carried out.

D. insist that the patient requires proper care and that requires an adequate physical assessment and that you cannot be responsible for the outcome.

Answer 254

A. respect the patient’s wishes, ensure that the appropriate documentation is completed, and transport the patient.

Question 255

Covering a patient’s __________ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss.

Select One

A. head
B. chest
C. extremities
D. abdomen

Answer 255

A. head​

Question 256

True or False

Excessive bleeding after birth is usually caused by the muscles of the uterus not fully contracting.

Answer 256

True

Question 257

You are transporting a 28-year-old man with a frostbitten foot. The patient’s vital signs are stable and he denies any other injuries or symptoms. The weather is treacherous and your transport time to the hospital is approximately 45 minutes. During transport, you should:

Select one:

A. cover his foot with chemical heat compresses.

B. protect the affected part from further injury.

C. rewarm his foot in 102°F to 104°F (38.9°C to 40°C) water.

D. administer oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

Answer 257

B. protect the affected part from further injury.

Question 258

Most frostbitten parts are:

Select One

A. soft and moist
B. hard and waxy
C. soft and waxy
D. hard and moist

Answer 258

B. hard and waxy

Question 259

If a patient with a chest injury is only able to inhale small amounts of air per breath, he or she:

Select one:

A. often breathes at a slower rate because of lung damage caused by the injury.

B. will eliminate more carbon dioxide than if he or she were breathing deeply.

C. will maintain adequate minute volume if his or her respiratory rate stays the same.

D. must increase his or her respiratory rate to maintain adequate minute volume.

Answer 259

D. must increase his or her respiratory rate to maintain adequate minute volume.

Question 260

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely when injured?

Select one:

A. Bladder

B. Liver

C. Stomach

D. Intestine

Answer 260

B. Liver

Question 261

True or False

Ticks should be removed by firmly grasping them with tweezers while rotating them counterclockwise.

Answer 261

False

“Using fine tweezers, grasp the tick by the head and pulled gently but firmly straight up so that the skin is tented. Hold this position until the tick releases.” (Pg 1172)

Question 262

When determining the frequency of contractions, you should time the contractions from the:

Select one:

A. end of one to the end of the next.

B. end of one to the start of the next.

C. start of one to the end of the next.

D. start of one to the start of the next.

Answer 262

D. start of one to the start of the next.

Question 263

You arrive on scene to assist another crew with a delivery. Upon your arrival, the crew on scene informs you that the delivery has already taken place and that you are going to be responsible for care of the infant. As you approach, you hear a very loud cry. The infant appears completely pink and moves his foot away when you flick the sole of his foot. The pulse is 120 beats/min and respirations are rapid. The infant has great muscle tone and resists your attempt to straighten the hips.

Determine the Apgar score.

A. 6

B. 10

C. 1

D. 8

Answer 263

B. 10

Question 264

The body’s natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to a gas, is called:

Select one:

A. convection.

B. conduction.

C. evaporation.

D. radiation.

Answer 264

C. evaporation.

Question 265

True or False

To assess the skin temperature in a patient experiencing a generalized cold emergency, you should feel the patient’s skin.

Answer 265

True

Question 266

All of the following are correct regarding postterm pregnancy except:

Select One

A. infants can be larger, sometimes weighing 10lbs or more

B. there is an increased risk of meconium aspirations

C. postterm is considered past 2 weeks gestation

D. ultrasounds are not accurate at determining due dates

Answer 266

D. ultrasounds are not accurate at determining due dates

Question 267

Abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever are most likely due to _______.

Select one:

A. hemorrhage

B. evisceration

C. infection

D. hypovolemia

Answer 267

C. infection

Question 268

_________ is the transfer of heat by radiant energy.

Answer 268

Radiation

Question 269

Children are often “belly breathers” because _______.

Select one:

A. they are consciously controlling ventilations

B. their diaphragm is not functional

C. their intercostal muscles are not developed

D. they are routinely hypoxic

Answer 269

C. their intercostal muscles are not developed

Question 270

Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to increase a person’s risk of hypothermia?

Select One

A. Hyperglycemia
B. Spinal cord injury
C. Severe infection
D. Head injury

Answer 270

A. Hyperglycemia

Question 271

Following a stab wound to the left anterior chest, a 25-year-old male presents with a decreased level of consciousness and signs of shock. Which of the following additional assessment findings should increase your index of suspicion for a cardiac tamponade?

Select one:

A. Diminished breath sounds

B. Widening pulse pressure

C. A rapid, irregular pulse

D. Engorged jugular veins

Answer 271

D. Engorged jugular veins

Question 272

The MOST prominent symptom of decompression sickness is:

Select one:

A. dizziness and nausea.

B. abdominal or joint pain.

C. difficulty with vision.

D. tightness in the chest.

Answer 272

B. abdominal or joint pain.

Question 273

True or False

Cottonmouths are known for aggressive behavior.

Answer 273

True

(pg 1169)

Question 274

Removal of a tick should be accomplished by:

Select One

A. suffocating it with gasoline
B. burning it with a lighted match to cause it to release its grip
C. using fine tweezers to pull it straight out of the skin
D. suffocating it with Vasoline

Answer 274

C. using fine tweezers to pull it straight out of the skin

Question 275

Difficulty breathing and a sunken appearance of the anterior abdominal wall is MOST indicative of a ruptured:

Select one:

A. stomach.

B. aorta.

C. diaphragm.

D. spleen.

Answer 275

C. diaphragm.

Question 276

Which of the following is not a sign of the beginning of labor?

Select One

A. bloody show
B. contractions of the uterus
C. crowning
D. rupture of the amniotic sac

Answer 276

C. crowning

Question 277

A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called:

Select one:

A. croup.

B. asthma.

C. bronchitis.

D. epiglottitis.

Answer 277

A. croup.

Question 278

In general, musculoskeletal injuries should be splinted before moving the patient unless:

Select one:

A. transport time is less than 15 minutes.

B. the patient is clinically unstable.

C. deformity and swelling are present.

D. the patient is in severe pain.

Answer 278

B. the patient is clinically unstable.

Question 279

An infant delivered before _________ weeks is considered premature.

Select One

A. 36

B. 37

C. 38

D. 39

Answer 279

A. 36

Question 280

If the near drowning victim has evidence of upper airway obstruction by foreign matter, which of the following would not be considered a method for clearing it?

Select One

A. remove the obstruction manually
B. apply suction
C. place the patient in the recovery position to allow drainage
D. use abdominal thrusts

Answer 280

C. place the patient in the recovery position to allow drainage

Question 281

The diving reflex may allow a person to survive extended periods of submersion in cold water secondary to:

Answer 281

Bradycardia and slowing of the metabolic rate

(Page 116; see “diving reflex”)

Question 282

_________ is the third most common cause of death from isolated environmental phenomena.

Answer 282

Lightning

Question 283

Which of the following is not performed immediately following delivery of the infant?

Select One

A. wrap the infant in a towel and place it on one side with head lowered
B. be sure the head is covered and keep the neck in a neutral position
C. use a sterile gauze pad to wipe the infant’s mouth, then suction again
D. obtain an Apgar score

Answer 283

D. obtain an Apgar score

The Apgar score should be calculated at 1 minute and again at 5 minutes after birth. Most newborns will have a score of 7 or 8 at 1 minute and is for 8 to 10 at 5 minutes. (Page 1205)

Question 284

Areas usually affected by descent problems include:

Select One

A. the lungs
B. the skin
C. the joints
D. vision

Answer 284

A. the lungs

Question 285

Tick bites occur most commonly during the _______ months.

Answer 285

Summer

Question 286

Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse?

Select one:

A. Evidence of alcohol consumption or drug use at the scene

B. Burns to the hands or feet that involve a glove distribution

C. An unexplained delay in seeking medical care after the injury

D. Consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver

Answer 286

D. Consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver

Question 287

A supracondylar or intercondylar fracture is also known as a fracture of the:

Select one:

A. proximal radius.

B. distal humerus.

C. olecranon process.

D. radial head.

Answer 287

B. distal humerus.