Question 1

A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should: Select one: A. administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin. B. administer up to 324 mg of baby aspirin. C. assess the adequacy of his respirations. D. obtain vital signs and a SAMPLE history.

Accepted Answer

C. assess the adequacy of his respirations.

Question 2

A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours duration. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and irregular, her respirations are 22 breaths/min, and her oxygen saturation is 92%. The patient does not have prescribed nitroglycerin, but her husband does. You should: Select one: A. obtain a SAMPLE history and contact medical control for advice. B. give her one nitroglycerin and reassess her systolic blood pressure. C. administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further. D. give her high-flow oxygen, attach the AED, and transport at once.

Accepted Answer

C. administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further.

Question 3

A dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when: Select one: A. the aorta ruptures, resulting in profound bleeding. B. all layers of the aorta suddenly contract. C. the inner layers of the aorta become separated. D. a weakened area develops in the aortic wall.

Accepted Answer

C. the inner layers of the aorta become separated.

Question 4

A patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest, which is interfering with effective chest compressions. The EMT should: Select one: A. remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest. B. leave the battery attached to the monitor and remove the vest. C. perform ventilations only and allow the vest device to defibrillate. D. remove the battery from the monitor and leave the vest in place.

Accepted Answer

A. remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest.

Question 5

A patient tells you that he has a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Which of the following conditions should you suspect that he has experienced? Select one: A. Thoracic aortic aneurysm B. Uncontrolled hypertension C. Obstructive lung disease D. Acute myocardial infarction

Accepted Answer

D. Acute myocardial infarction

Question 6

A patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experiences chest pain during exertion because: Select one: A. the coronary arteries suddenly spasm and cause a marked reduction in myocardial blood flow. B. tissues of the myocardium undergo necrosis secondary to a prolonged absence of oxygen. C. the ragged edge of a tear in the coronary artery lumen causes local blood clotting and arterial narrowing. D. the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow.

Accepted Answer

D. the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow.

Question 7

After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should: Select one: A. re-analyze the cardiac rhythm. B. assess for a carotid pulse. C. transport the patient at once. D. immediately resume CPR.

Accepted Answer

D. immediately resume CPR.

Question 8

Angina pectoris occurs when: Select one: A. myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply. B. a coronary artery is totally occluded by plaque. C. one or more coronary arteries suddenly spasm. D. myocardial oxygen supply exceeds the demand.

Accepted Answer

A. myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply.

Question 9

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the: Select one: A. right atrium. B. right ventricle. C. left ventricle. D. left atrium.

Accepted Answer

A. right atrium.

Question 10

Most AEDs are set up to adjust the voltage based on the impedance, which is the: Select one: A. direction that the electrical flow takes in the body. B. distance between the two AED pads on the chest. C. actual amount of energy that the AED will deliver. D. resistance of the body to the flow of electricity.

Accepted Answer

D. resistance of the body to the flow of electricity.

Question 11

Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients: Select one: A. with systolic blood pressure less than 120 mm Hg. B. who have taken up to two doses. C. who have experienced a head injury. D. with a history of an ischemic stroke.

Accepted Answer

C. who have experienced a head injury.

Question 12

Prior to attaching the AED to a cardiac arrest patient, the EMT should: Select one: A. perform CPR for 30 seconds. B. dry the chest if it is wet. C. contact medical control. D. assess for a pulse for 20 seconds.

Accepted Answer

B. dry the chest if it is wet.

Question 13

Risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled include: Select one: A. family history. B. hyperglycemia. C. excess stress. D. lack of exercise.

Accepted Answer

A. family history.

Question 14

Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency would MOST likely be delayed in patients who: Select one: A. are older than 40 years of age. B. have chronic hypertension. C. have had a stroke in the past. D. regularly take illegal drugs.

Accepted Answer

B. have chronic hypertension.

Question 15

The electrical impulse generated by the heart originates in the: Select one: A. atrioventricular node. B. coronary sinus. C. bundle of His. D. sinoatrial node.

Accepted Answer

D. sinoatrial node.

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Chapter 17 - Cardiovascular Emergencies Flashcards

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