Exam 4: Anus, Rectum, Prostate Flashcards
A decrease in stool frequency, with difficult passing of very hard, day stools
Constipation
Painful longitudinal tear in tissue (in the superficial mucosa at the anal margin)
Fissure
Flabby papules if skin or mucous membrane in the anal region caused by a varicose vein of the hemorrhoidal plexus
Hemorrhoid
Blood in the stool
Melena
Itching or burning senstation in the skin
Pruritis
Excessive fat in the stool as in gastrointestinal malabsorption of fat
Steatorrhea
Set of 3 semilunar transverse folds that cross one half the circumference of the rectal lumen
Valves of Houston
Set of 3 semilunar transverse folds that cross one half the circumference of the rectal lumen
They support the weight of the fecal matter and prevent it from urging toward the anus
These, along with the rectal ampulla, allow gas through without the fecal matter
Valves of Houston
The sphincter that controls bowel movements (muscle)
Internal sphincter
The outlet of the anal canal contains..
Skin
No hair or sebaceous glands
Nerves
Internal & external sphincters
Holds in stool but still allows you to pass gas
Feces are stored here until expelled out anal canal
Comes right before the anal canal
Rectal ampulla
Holds in stool but still allows you to pass gas
Feces are stored here until expelled out anal canal
Comes right before the anal canal
Rectal ampulla
Between the rectum and symphysis pubis
Surrounds bladder neck and urethra
Prostate gland
The prostate gland contains ducts where 2 seminal vesicles create a sugary fluid that..
Keeps sperm viable/alive
The prostate gland contains ducts where 2 seminal vesicles create a sugary fluid that..
Keeps sperm viable/alive
Same as the bartholin’s gland in females
Creates mucus that lines the urethra for easy passage out for the sperm
Bulbourethral/Cowper’s glands
Same as the bartholin’s gland in females
Creates mucus that lines the urethra for easy passage out for the sperm
Bulbourethral/Cowper’s glands
When should you get a sigmoidoscopy
Every 5 years after the age of 50
When should you get a colonoscopy
Every 10 years after the age of 50
These look for polyps that might be cancerous
Scopes (sigmoidoscopy & colonoscopy)
Hypertrophy of the prostate can occur with hormone imbalance causing a ____
This might make you have to pee at night and is very hard to catheterize
Benign adenomas
This diet can increase risk for prostate cancer
High fatty red meats
This tests for colon and prostate cancer
DRE (digital rectum exam)
This tests your stool, put on gloves, palpate rectum, make a finger print of stool and look for hidden blood which is a sign of colon cancer
Fecal occult blood test
How often should you have a DRE and fecal occult blood test
Every year after 50
How often should you get a PSA test to look for prostate cancer
Every year after age 50, black should start at age 45
Colorectal cancer, like prostate and colon cancer, are more common in..
African Americans
Unless the stool is already impacted (solid immobile feces that can develop from constipation) these can help move the stool along
Enemas and stool softeners
Bright red blood in the stool could mean..
Hemorrhoids
Painful longitudinal tear/crack in tissue (in the superficial mucosa at the anal margin)
From larger bowel movements after not moving a lot
Fissure
Bright red blood in the stool could mean..
Hemorrhoids
Tunneling of the rectum
Fistula
A guaiac test container is used for..
Occult blood test sample
How often should you check for skin irritation and breakdown
Every single shift
What position should patients be in for a rectal exam
Males: left lateral decubitus
Females: lithotomy if also getting a vaginal exam, if not then left lateral decubitus as well
Report rectal/anus abnormalities according to a..
Clock face
How do you correctly palpate the anus
Never go in at a straight angle, always curve finger in
You should always refer this to a physician
Enlargements
The surface of the prostate should feel
Smooth and muscular
The shape of the prostate
Heart shaped
The consistency of the prostate
Elastic and rubbery
The mobility of the prostate
Slightly movable
The sensitivity of the prostate
Non-tender
Darker black stool could mean
Hidden blood
Might end up with a false positive occult blood test if..
They have had fatty red meats
How many positive occult blood tests do you need to confirm before you can say there is hidden blood
3
2nd leading cancer killer in the US
Colorectal
Cancer of the colon or rectum beginning as non-cancerous polyps
Colorectal cancer
CRC (colorectal cancer) screenings
FOBT Flexible sigmoidoscopy Combo of FOBT and flexible sigmoid Colonoscopy Double contract barium enema
In the sacral area, abnormal skin growth, a lot of people are born with these, usually surgery is done, sometimes they grow back, contains hair
Pilonidal cyst or sinus
When the rectum folds out on itself, occurs a lot after giving birth
Rectal prolapse
Flabby papules if skin or mucous membrane in the anal region caused by a dilated varicose vein of the hemorrhoidal plexus
Internal and external
Occurs form straining to have a bowel movement
Th
Hemorrhoid
Tunneling of the rectum to another body part
Anorectal fistula
When the rectum folds out on itself, occurs a lot after giving birth
Rectal prolapse
A pocket of infection can occur on inner or outer rectum
Abscess
Patient has been constipated for a while, stool becomes hard, dry, fixed and cant come out on its own
Fecal impaction
Carcinoma means..
Cancerous
Have urea, very achy, generalized weakness in abdominal area, pain fever, chills
Prostatitis
When the stool is fatty
Steatorrhea
Pain with having a bowel movement
Dyschezia
