Ch 22 Musculoskeletal Flashcards
Immobility, consolidation, and fixation of a joint because of disease, injury, or surgery
Most often due to chronic rheumatoid arthritis
EXTREME FLEXION OF THE WRIST
Ankylosis
Inability to perform coordinated movements
Ataxia
Enclosed sac filled with viscous fluid located in joint areas of potential friction
Bursa
Moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder
Circumduction
Dry crackling sound or sensation due to grating of the ends of damaged bone
Crepitation
Flexion contracture of the fingers due to chronic hyperplasia of the palmar fascia
Dupuytren contracture
Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle
Eversion
Straightening a limb at a joint
Extension
Bending a limb at a joint
Flexion
Round, cystic, nontender nodule overlying a tendon sheath or joint capsule, usually on dorsum of wrist
Ganglion
Lateral or outward deviation of the great toe
Bunion and hammer toes
Hallux valgus
Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle
Inversion
Outward or convex curvature of the thoracic spine, hunchback
Kyphosis
Fibrous band running directly from one bone to another bone that strengthens the joint
Ligament
Inward or concave curvature of the lumbar spine
Lordosis
Center of the intervertebral disk
Nucleus pulposus
Bony projection of the ulna at the elbow
Olecranon process
Surface of the sole of the foot
Plantar
Turning the forearm so that the palm is down
Pronation
Moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
Protraction
Extent of movement of a joint
ROM
Moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
Retraction
Chronic systemic INFLAMMATORY DISEASE of joints and surrounding connective tissue
Swan neck deformities in fingers
Typically pain in the mornings but gets better throughout the day
Systemic so its usually bilateral in hands
Rheumatoid arthritis
Nerve pain along the course of the sciatic nerve that travels down from the back or thigh through the leg and into the foot
Sciatica
S-shaped curvature of the thoracic spine
Scoliosis
Turning the forearm so that the palm is up
Supination
Congenital deformity of the foot in which it is plantar flexed and inverted (clubfoot)
Talipes equinovarus
Strong fibrous cord that attaches a skeletal muscle to a bone
Tendon
Contraction of the cervical neck muscles, producing torsion of the neck (wryneck)
Torticollis
How many bones in the skeletal system
206
Coming together of bones
Joints/articulations
Functions of the musculoskeletal system
Support Movement Protect and encase organs Functions of RBCs in bone marrow Considered a reservoir for calcium and phospherous, housed in the bones
Nonsynovial joints are..
Movable and immovable
Muscle under voluntary control, connects bones to tendons
Skeletal
Muscle that lines all hallow organs and allow for distention and contraction
Smooth
Muscle that keeps the heart beating while it contracts
Cardiac
Synovial joints contain
Joint cavity and bursa
The articulation (the coming together) of mandible and temporal bone
Temperomandibular joint (TMJ)
The TMJ is anterior to the tragus of the ear and capable of what 3 movements
Hinge action
Gliding action
—Glides side to side and forward and backward
The vertebrae has how many connecting bones
33
What you feel when you run your hand down your spine
Spinal processes
What are the sections of the vertebrae and how many bones in each
7 cervical (base of neck is C7) 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 3-4 coccyx
Between all vertebrae for cushion
Intervertebral discs
The shoulder joint is known as the ____ and makes what action
Glenohumeral joint makes a ball and socket action
There are 4 muscles surrounding this joint as well as the scapula and clavicle
Rotator cuff
The 3 bony articulations of this hinge joint are the humerus, radius, and ulna of forearm
Elbow
The radiocarpal joint is the..
Wrist
This joint articulates at the head of the femur and the acetabulum and contains 3 bursa sacs for smooth movement
Basically the same as the shoulder
The hip
The largest joint consisting of the femur, tibia, and patellar and contain medial and lateral menisci for cusion
The knee
This joint articulates at the tibia, fibula, and talus
Ankle or tibiotalar
What subjective data should you collect on the musculoskeletal system
Joints–> pain, stiffness, swelling/redness/heat
Muscles–> pain or weakness
Bones–> pain, numbness, tingling, deformities, trauma, breaks/fractures
You should get a health history on..
Complications with ADLs
Self care behaviors (stretching is important)
Family history
What should you inspect and palpate for in joints
Inspect for redness or swelling
Palpate for grading or popping and try to localize pain
ROM
What is the muscle testing examination
Having them put their arms out and you press on them
Grade resistance 0-5
What is the Phalen’s test
Hands back to back
If pain after 1 min its a +Phalen test indicating carpal tunnel syndrome
What is Tinel’s sign
Percussing the median nerve in the hand and wrist usually indicating carpal tunnel syndrome
What is the bulge sign test
Pressing on the knee looking for a suspected small amount of fluid or swelling
What is the ballottement of patella
Palpate knee looking for large amount of fluid, will be spongy
What is the Murrays test
Testing for a meniscal tear
Hold heel, flex knee and hip
Hear a click when you extend
What is the Lasegues or straight leg raising test
Testing for a herniated disc in the back
Raise leg up looking for back or leg pain
Positive for sciatic pain
How do you measure the leg
Measure bilaterally
From iliac crest to medial malleolus
Should be within 1 cm
What can you expect to see with aging adults
Decreased height because invertebral discs are compressed
Kyphosis
Redistribution of body fat (less in face, more in midsection)
Bonier
ROM should be normal unless they have arthritis
Degenerative joint disease
One sided
Usually gets worse as the day goes on
Occurs from wear and tear on the body
Osteoarthritis
Tear of the rotator cuff usually occurs from..
lifting patients
Frozen shoulder adhesive capsulitis usually occurs from..
being bed ridden, rehab usually helps
Goose egg on the olecranon process, bursa sac inflamed from repetitive movement
Olecranon bursitis
Tennis elbow from frequent use
Epicondylitis
A fracture in the wrist from when someone falls and tries to catch themselves
Colles fracture
Ankylosis Spondylitis
LIMITED ROM
causing fusing together of joints
Happens with an overgrowth of palmer fascia, pulling fingers down
Dupuytren’s contracture
Ganglion cyst is an abnormality of the..
hand and wrist
When the area inside the knee joint becomes inflamed
Mild synovitis
When the bursa sac is inflamed and you see it above the patella
Prepatellar bursitis
