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Assessment > Ch 21 Abdomen > Flashcards

Ch 21 Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Defect or sac formed by dilation in artery wall due to athersclerosis, trauma, or congenital defect

A

Aneurysm

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2
Q

Loss of appetite for food

A

Anorexia

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3
Q

Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the peritoneal cavity, associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, cancer, or portal hypertension

A

Ascites

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4
Q

Loud, gurgling bowel sounds signaling increased motility or hyperperistalsis, occurs with early bowel obstruction, gastroenteritis, diarrhea

A

Borborygmi

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5
Q

Blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded

A

Bruit

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6
Q

First or proximal part of large intestine

A

Cecum

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7
Q

Inflammation of the gall bladder

A

Cholecystitis

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8
Q

Lower border of rib margin formed by the medial edges of the 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs

A

Costal margins

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9
Q

Angle formed by the 12th rib and the vertebral column on the posterior thorax, overlying the kidney

A

Costovertebral angle (CVA)

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10
Q

Midline longitudinal ridge in the abdomen, a separation of abdominal rectus muscles

A

Diastasis recti

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11
Q

Difficulty swallowing

A

Dysphagia

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12
Q

Name of abdominal region between costal margins

A

Epigastrium

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13
Q

Abnormal enlargement of the liver

A

Hepatomegaly

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14
Q

Abnormal protrusion of bowel through weakening in abdominal musculature

A

Hernia

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15
Q

Ligament extending from pubic bone to anterior superior iliac spine, forming lower border of abdomen

A

Inguinal ligament

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16
Q

Midline tendinous seam joining the abdominal muscles

A

Linea alba

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17
Q

Complete absence of peristaltic movement that may follow abdominal surgery or complete bowel obstruction

A

Paralytic ileus

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18
Q

Rough grating sound heard through the stethoscope over the site of peritoneal inflammation

A

Peritoneal friction rub

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19
Q

Inflammation of peritoneum

A

Peritonitis

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20
Q

Congenital narrowing of pyloric sphincter, forming outflow obstruction of stomach

A

Pyloric stenosis

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21
Q

Burning sensation in upper abdomen due to reflux of gastric acid (heart burn)

A

Pyrosis

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22
Q

Midline abdominal muscles extending from rib cage to pubic bone

A

Rectus abdominus muscles

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23
Q

Abnormally sunken abdominal wall as with malnutrition or underweight

A

Scaphoid

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24
Q

Abnormal enlargement of the spleen

A

Splenomegaly

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25
Q

Silvery white or pink scar tissue formed by stretching of abdominal skin as with pregnancy or obesity (lineae albicantes)

A

Striae

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26
Q

Name of abdominal region just superior to pubic bone

A

Suprapubic

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27
Q

High pitched, musical, drumlike, hallow percussion note heard when percussing over the stomach and intestine

A

Tympany

28
Q

Depression on the abdomen marking site of entry of umbilical cord

A

Umbilicus

29
Q

Internal organs

A

Viscera

30
Q

What are the solid internal organs

A

Liver
Pancreas
Spleen

31
Q

What are the hallow internal organs

A 
GI tract
Stomach
Intestines
Colon
Gallbladder
Bladder
32
Q

Name the organs of the RUQ

A 
Liver
Gallbladder
Head of pancreas
Right kidney and adrenal gland
Ascending colon
33
Q

Name the organs in the LUQ

A 
Stomach
Spleen
Left lobe of liver
Body of pancreas
Left kidney and adrenal gland
Descending colon
34
Q

Name the organs in the RLQ

A

Appendix
Cecum
Right ureter, ovary, spermatic cord, and tube

35
Q

Name the organs in the LLQ

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Left ureter, ovary, spermatic cord, and tube

36
Q

What structures are midline of the abdomen

A

Aorta
Uterus if enlarged
Bladder if distended

37
Q

What are the effects of aging

A

Dry mouth and decrease in saliva
Gets harder to swallow (dysphagia)
Less stomach acid so everything works slower
More gallstones
Decreased liver size making it harder to break down meds
Constipation from decreased activity, fiber, and water
Fat moves to hips and abdomen

38
Q

This is increased in blacks, American Indians, Asians, and Mediterranean groups

A

Lactose intolerance

39
Q

What subjective data should you collect

A

Appetite
Dysphagia –> might have trouble swallowing pills
Food intolerance
Abdominal pain –> where and better or worse after eating

40
Q

This pain in the organ is dull and hard to locate so they will say pain is all over the abdomen

A

Visceral

41
Q

This pain is sharp and they will be able to tell you exactly where it is

A

Parietal

42
Q

What information should you be sure to get in an abdominal history

A 
Good menstrual history with females
Any stress that could be causing the pain
Bowel habits
Rectal bleeding
Frequent urination 
Past abdominal diseases
Past abdominal surgeries
Medications
Nutrition assessment
43
Q

How should you prepare for an abdominal examination

A 
Good lighting
Draping for privacy
Be sure to have short nails so you dont tear their skin
Promote abdominal relaxation by:
-warming hands and stethoscope
-comfy
-have them breath through their mouth
-palpate tender/painful areas last
44
Q

You see this contour of stomach in people who are smaller or older adults who are thin

A

Scaphoid

45
Q

You see this contour of stomach in pregnant women or people with a large build up of gas

A

Protuberant

46
Q

What are the 4 contours of the abdomen

A

Flat
Rounded
Scaphoid
Protuberant

47
Q

When examining the abdomen lift the gown and be sure to inspect..

A

Symmetry
The shape of the umbilicus: rounded could mean hernia
Pulsations
Hair
Demeanor (facial expressions)
Check for tubes, ostomies, and scars that could indicate surgery

48
Q

What are the 8 F’s of abdominal distention (reasons for distention)

A
  1. Fat
  2. Feces back up
  3. Fibroids (tumors in the female uterus)
  4. Flatus
  5. Fluid (ascites: fluid over abd. cavity)
  6. Fetus (pregnancy)
  7. False pregnancy (mimics pregnancy)
  8. Fatal tumor
49
Q

How should you auscultate for bowel sounds

A

Listen in all 4 quadrants
Should hear high pitched gurgling
5-30 gurgles/min is normal

50
Q

When might bowels be more hyperactive

A

After eating

51
Q

Growling when you are hungry or before diarrhea

A

Borborygmus

52
Q

Anything less than 5 growls per min indicates

A

Hypoactive bowel sounds

53
Q

How should you determine if bowel sounds are absent

A

Listen for 5 whole minutes in each quadrant

If nothing is heart after 20 min total this is an EMERGENCY

54
Q

Heard over solid organs and masses

A

Dullness

55
Q

The average span of the liver is..

A

6-12 cm

56
Q

How do you check for costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness

A

Percuss the 12th rib on the vertebral column with your non-dominant hand
If there is sharp pain it indicates kidney inflammation

57
Q

To use light palpation how many cm should you press down

A

1 cm in small circular motions

58
Q

To use deep palpation how many cm should you press

A

5-8 cm (2-3”)

59
Q

What should you look at when describing masses

A 
Where
How big
Shape 
Consistency
Mobile
Pulsing
Tender
60
Q

Where do you palpate the aorta and how big is it

A

Left of midclavicular line in LUQ

2.5 - 4 cm

61
Q

The point where the appendix is located where you want to palpate for suspected appendicitis

A

McBurney’s point

62
Q

Where gallbladder or liver inflammation will be, when lungs expand during a deep breath pt will experience pain here

A

Murphy’s sign

63
Q

Peritoneal irritation or peritonitis, inflamed appendix and rebound tenderness are usually found here together

A

Blumberg’s sign

64
Q

What is pain in the RLQ when you press on the RUQ

A

Rovsing sign

65
Q

What is the test called when you raise the leg up flexing at the hip and if you press on the thigh then appendicitis

A

Iliopsoas muscle test

66
Q

What abnormal findings might you find when examining the abdomen

A

Distention
Sounds
Enlarged organs (if you can easily palpate then its probably enlarged)

Assessment (11 decks)

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