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Assessment > Ch 23 Neurologic System > Flashcards

Ch 23 Neurologic System Flashcards

1
Q

Loss of ability to recognize importance of sensory impressions

A

Agnosia

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2
Q

Loss of ability to express thoughts in writing

A

Agraphia

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3
Q

Loss of memory

A

Amnesia

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4
Q

Loss of pain sensation

A

Analgesia

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5
Q

Loss of power of expression by speech, writing, or signs or loss of comprehension of spoken or written language

A

Aphasia

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6
Q

Loss of ability to perform purposeful movements in the absence of sensory or motor damage (inability to use objects correctly

A

Apraxia

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7
Q

Inability to perform coordinated movements

A

Ataxia

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8
Q

Bizarre, slow, twisting, writing movement, resembling a snake or worm

A

Athetosis

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9
Q

Sudden, rapid, jerky purposeless movements involving limbs, trunk, or face

A

Chorea

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10
Q

Rapid alternating involuntary contraction and relaxation of a muscle in response to sudden stretch
Occurs with hyper-reflexia, hyper contraction of the muscle, more exaggerated response, kicks leg way up in the air

A

Clonus

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11
Q

State of profound unconsciousness from which person cannot be aroused

A

Coma

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12
Q

Imperfect articulation of speech due to problems of muscular control resulting from central of peripheral nervous system damage

A

Dysarthria

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13
Q

Impairment in speech consisting of lack of coordination and inability to arrange words in their proper order

A

Dysphasia

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14
Q

Disappearance of conditioned response

touch both sides of the body at the same time, can patient tell how many sensations were felt and where it was

A

Extinction

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15
Q

Rapid continuous twitching of resting muscle without movement of limb

A

Fasciculation

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16
Q

Loss of muscle tone, limp

Unable to do foot pushes or hand grips

A

Flaccidity

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17
Q

Ability to read a number by having it drawn on the skin

A

Graphesthesia

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18
Q

Loss of motor power (paralysis) on one side of the body, usually caused by a stroke, paralysis occurs on the side opposite the lesion

A

Hemiplegia

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19
Q

Motor neuron in the peripheral nervous system with its nerve fiber extending out to the muscle and only its cell body in the central nervous system

A

Lower motor neuron

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20
Q

Rapid sudden jerk of a muscle

A

Myoclonus

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21
Q

Stiffness in cervical neck area

A

Nuchal rigidity

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22
Q

Back and forth oscillation of the eyes

A

Nystagmus

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23
Q

Prolonged arching of back, with head and heels bent backward, and meningeal irritation

A

Opisthotonos

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24
Q

Decreased or loss of motor function due to problem with motor nerve or muscle fibers
NEUROLESIONS

A

Paralysis

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25
Q

Impairment or loss of motor and/or sensory function in the lower half of the body

A

Paraplegia

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26
Q

Abnormal sensation: burning, numbness, tingling, prickling, crawling skin sensation

A

Paresthesia

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27
Q

Ability of the person to discriminate exactly where on the body the skin has been touched

A

Point localization

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28
Q

Sensory information concerning body movements and position of the body in space

A

Proprioception

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29
Q

Continuous resistance to stretching by a muscle due to abnormally increased tension, with increased deep tendon reflexes
INCREASE IN MUSCLE TONE

A

Spasticity

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30
Q

Ability to recognize objects by feeling their forms, sizes, and weights, while eyes are closed

A

Stereognosis

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31
Q

Repetitive twitching of a muscle group at inappropriate times (wink, grimace)

A

Tic

32
Q

Involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups resulting in rhythmic movement of one or more joints

A

Tremor

33
Q

Ability to distinguish the separation of 2 simultaneous pinpricks on the skin

A

2 point discrimination

34
Q

Nerve located entirely within the central nervous system

A

Upper motor neuron

35
Q

The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the..

A

Brain and spinal cord

36
Q

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is made up of..

A

12 cranial nerves
31 spinal nerves and their branches
Carries messages back and forth from CNS

37
Q

The cerebral cortex is part of the central nervous system: what is the frontal lobe responsible for

A

Personality
Behavior
Emotions
Talking/thoughts

38
Q

The cerebral cortex is part of the central nervous system: what is the parietal lobe responsible for

A

Sensations

39
Q

The cerebral cortex is part of the central nervous system: what is the occipital lobe responsible for

A

Visual reception (seeing)

40
Q

The cerebral cortex is part of the central nervous system: what is the temporal lobe responsible for

A

Hearing
Taste
Smell

41
Q

The cerebral cortex is part of the central nervous system: what is the Wernicke’s area for

A

Language comprehension

42
Q

The cerebral cortex is part of the central nervous system: what is the Broca’s area for

A

Motor speech

43
Q

The hypothalamus is part of the central nervous system, what is it responsible for

A

Temperature
Sleep cycles
Gland control
Controls HR and B/P

44
Q

The cerebellum is part of the central nervous system, what is it responsible for

A

Equilibrium/balance
Muscle tone
Coordination
Movements

45
Q

The brain stem is part of the central nervous system, what is it responsible for

A

Respiratory
Heart rate
Blood pressure

46
Q

The spinal cord is part of the CNS and responsible for

A

Posture control
Urination
Pain response

47
Q

Defense mechanism to protect the body

A

Reflex arc

48
Q

Pulling your hand off a hot stove is what type of reflex

A

Deep

49
Q

Closing your eye when something touches it is what type of reflex

A

Superficial

50
Q

PERRLA reflexes are what type of reflex

A

Visceral

51
Q

Abnormal reflexes such as stroke or babinski is what type of reflex

A

Pathologic

52
Q

What subjective data should you collect with the neurologic system

A 
Headaches
Head injuries (Strokes and mini strokes/TIA)
Dizziness/vertigo
Seizure and ora (feeling) before a seizure
Tremors
Weakness/paralysis
Numbness or tingling
Past history
Environment/occupational hazards
53
Q

Partial or incomplete paralysis

A

Paresis

54
Q

Aging adults will have issues with..

A

Mobility or dizziness

55
Q

What objective data/physical exam should you find

A 
LOC
A&O times 3
Hand grips
Foot pushes
Identify new problems
56
Q

Corticospinal/pyramidal tract is responsible for

A

skilled and purposeful movements

57
Q

Extrapyramidal tract is responsible for

A

muscle tone and controlling movements made by the pyramidal tract

58
Q

Test for muscle..

A

Strength and tone bilaterally

59
Q

Cerebellar movements are most concerned with balance, what are the ways to test balance

A

Tandem walking: walking with one foot in front of the other
Romberg test: have them stand with their eyes closed and test for swaying
Shallow knee bend or hop in place

60
Q

Cerebellar is also concerned with coordination and movements, what are ways to test this

A

Rapid alternating movements: flipping hands back and forth on lap/knees
Finger to finger: pt touches your finger then their own nose
Finger to nose: pt closes eyes, puts both hands out, then alternates touching their own nose
Heel to shin: pt in supine position, runs their heel along their shin in a straight line

61
Q

How do you test the intact peripheral nerve fibers along the spinothalamic tract

A
  • Test for pain by poking with a dull and sharp end
  • Test temperature with something warm and cold
  • Test light touch with a cotton ball
  • Test vibration with a tuning fork
  • Kinesthesia: move their body parts and see if they can tell where they are pointing
  • Tactile discrimination
  • Some organs are absent from the brain map so use referred pain which is pt’s liver might hurt but it feels like shoulder pain
62
Q

How do you test tactile discrimination (things you can feel or sense on the skin)

A 
Stereognosia
Graphesthesia
2 point discrimination
Extinction
Point localization
63
Q

How do you rate deep tendon reflexes

A 
0, no response, flaccid
1+, diminished
2+, normal
3+, brisker than normal
4+, very brisk/hyperactive
64
Q

What are the areas of assessment on the Glasgow Coma Scale

A

(E) Eye opening when you walk in, rate 1-4
(V) Verbal response with normal conversation, rate 1-5
(M) Motor response with following commands, rate 1-6
*Coma is a score of 7 or less

65
Q

What should you look for in an aging adult

A

Decreased muscle tone, muscle weakness
Occasional tremors, fine handshakes, and tongue protrusions
Dyskinesia: abnormality/impairment of movements, protrude the jaw, open/close the jaw
Gait slower
Hard to perform rapid alternating movements
Deep tendon reflexes sluggish

66
Q

For the achilles reflex you hit..

A

back of the ankle

67
Q

For the quad reflex you hit..

A

the front of the knee

68
Q

For the brachioradialis reflex you hit..

A

the radius while holding the thumb

69
Q

For the triceps reflex you hit..

A

the back of the elbow

70
Q

For the biceps reflex you hit..

A

your them on their inner elbow

71
Q

What are you looking for when you test the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves

A

Drooping
Strabismus (deviated gaze)
Nystagmus

72
Q

What are you looking for when you test the trigeminal nerve

A

Mastication and sensing light touch on the skin and cornea

73
Q

What are you looking for when you test the facial nerve

A

Facial expressions and taste

74
Q

What are you looking for when you test the spinal accessory nerve

A

Sternomastoid and trapezius muscle strength

75
Q

What are you looking for when you test the hypoglossal nerve

A

A still tongue and clear speech

Assessment (11 decks)

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