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Psychology 101 > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

attribution

A

claim that causes beh
ex. make inferences on o/ thought process

can be right or wrong
ex. infer that someone is staring at you bc you think you’re cute

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2
Q

person bias

A

“fundamental attribution”
overestimate personality and discredit environment
ex. diff btw bad day and bad life
-very common in lab setting

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3
Q

personal bias-environment

A

common if given time to make a decision

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4
Q

actor-observer discrepancy

A

better know someone, more likely attribute beh to environment
ex. understand why Jace acts out (bc of bad home life)

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5
Q

Macy Study 2019

A

play card game ex. like candy land
result- winners 2x mre likely perceive outcome as fair
attribute winning to talent v luck

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6
Q

attractiveness bias

A

physically attrac. ppl judged as more competent and sociable

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7
Q

baby-face bias

A

percieved be more honest, kind and naive than o/

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8
Q

baby-face charac

A

round heads, protruding forehead, large eyes and small jaw

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9
Q

Pygmalion effect

A

ex. of self-fulfilling prophecy

if tell yourself you’re ugly you will become ugly

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10
Q

self-serving attribu. bias

A

own success is bc of internal causes

failure is bc of external causes

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11
Q

cog. diss. theory

A

1957
disconnect btw attitude and action
typically causes emotional discomfort

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12
Q

ways avoid cog. diss.

A

outright avoid
change attitude to match actions
ex. reconsider that smoking isn’t only thing that causes cancer

change action to match attitude
ex. stop playing basketball bc don’t agree w/ rules

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13
Q

Frimer study 2017

A

paid more if willing to read why ppl believed differently

results- willingly took less money so didn’t have to hear o/ side

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14
Q

independant bias

A

belief that you don’t have bias at all

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15
Q

superior bias

A

belief that you are more moral and smarter than those who disagree

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16
Q

confirmation bias

A

ex. cherry picking

pay more attention and remember facts that confirm own stance

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17
Q

insufficient justification effect

A

happens when no good incentive for doing an action
ex. washing car in cold for $5
have to convince yourself it’s fun
tend to enjoy the experi. more

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18
Q

just-world hypoth

A

idea that you get what you deserve

ex. rape victims “ask for it”

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19
Q

charac. impact actions

A 
number
ex. peer pressure
strength
ex. popular kid opinion 
immediacy
ex. mom or clique v outsider
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20
Q

impression management

A

try control o/ impression of us

ex. saying hate puzzles but you really love them just to “fit in” or impress someone

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21
Q

impress. manag. cognition

A

conscious or unconscious process

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22
Q

qualities like to portray

A

hardworking, smart, kind etc

*can portray feelings of sadness/pity or anger to attract attention too

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23
Q

impress. management on close friends and fam

A

not work
they already know all charac. of you
*can try and lie but will not be able to trick them

24
Q

shyness and impress. management

A

shy people often make good impressions but are too scared they are going to mess up
-have low self esteem in ability to do impress. management
avoid situations that could be embarrassing

25
Q

high self monitor

A 
very socially aware
change beh based on environ
lots of mutual friends
few close friends
pick friends based on physical appearance or similarity w/ hobby
26
Q

low self monitor

A 
few friends
lots of close friends
not aware/ don't care of how socially perceived
no filter
are who they are no matter what
attracted to ppl w/ same central values
27
Q

social facilitation

A

audience improves performance
skill usually mastered
ex. NBA players

28
Q

social interference

A

audience hinders
ex. studying/ practicing speech
usually something not 100% confident in

29
Q

how audience affect CNS

A

inc arousal
*sympath. stim
favorable for physcial/ simple procedures

30
Q

social loafing

A

tendency slack when not constantly analyzed

ex. team project or tug-a-war

31
Q

deindividuation

A

focus on group success over self
ex. team sports or cult
tend to encourage mob violence, riots, and suicide baitings *ppl can change stances in agreeance w/ inc population and pressure

32
Q

Franz Joseph Gall

A

dev phrenology
shape + attributes of brain determine personality

the bigger the area the stronger the characteristic

skull conforms brain when growing

33
Q

phrenology popularity

A

academia loved it
poor ppl hated him- thought atheist
rich ppl hate- folding wife’s heads

34
Q

phrenology ideology

A

white better than blacks
men superior to women
aristocrats better than poor bc of bone quality

35
Q

phrenology discreditation

A

1840s
bone thickness not universal
and thought process not conducted in bone
highly manipulated by observer bias
*still practiced by fringe till 1890s-1920s

36
Q

contributions from phrenology

A

linked physical and mental aspects of brain

supported fluid materialists view

37
Q

fluid materialists

A

believed thought came from brain act.

*skeptisized when phrenology fell
took years to recover

38
Q

william sheldon’s body types

A

constitutional psych
ectomorph- skinny
mesomorph- athletic and muscular
endomorph- fat

39
Q

constitutional psych-application of body types

A

based on physical appearance could predict personality
ectomorph- fearful and restrained
mesomorph- adventurous and courageous
endomorph- loves comfort and food, sociable

40
Q

constitutional psych

A

debunked in 1970s

apart of pop psych

41
Q

personality def

A

general style of interacting with the world

something that stays the same in diff. environments

42
Q

trait

A

inferred from beh
not vary from situation to situation
predisposition
ex. introverted, friendly, abrasive etc

43
Q

trait theorists

A

tried to come up w/ specific number of traits that equal a personality

wanted to label people, didn’t care about why you are the way you are

44
Q

composition of trait theories

A 
specific beh
    actions
ex. argues w/ everyone, likes to win
surface traits
    inferred from beh
ex. argumentative and competitive
central traits
   composed of sim. surface traits
ex. aggressive
45
Q

The big 5

A 
OCEAN
openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
agreeableness
neuroticism
*analyzed on continuum
46
Q

the big 5 applicability

A

predicter for the longevity of traits
ex. score at age 30 will likely be the same at age 70

if take before 30 will not get same results bc personality is more flexible

47
Q

women and agreeableness

A

women more agreeable than men
consistent over multiple decades and in many countries
*no huge diff. in o/ 4 categories

48
Q

birth order and personality

A

personality NOT determine d by birth order

49
Q

theories that explain why you have a certain personality

A

psychoanalytic
social cog
humanistic

50
Q

psychodynamic perspective

A

personality comes from the interplay in subconcious

51
Q

unconscious v subconscious

A

subconc= freud + psychody
Unconcious
ppl didn’t want be assoc. w/ freud

52
Q

freud’s psychoanalysis

A

had no scientific proof
analyzed beh and correl. certain personality traits w/ behaviors

also performed dream analysis

53
Q

freud’s psychoanalysis- sex

A

thought ppl wanted have sex w/ parents

thoughts about sex redirected into diff. actions and stored in subconc.

54
Q

freud’s psychosexual dev. levels

A 
oral
anal
phallic
latency
genital
55
Q

psychodynamic’s disagreed w/ freud

A

did not have to agree w/ all
considered a psychody if thought personality comes from subcon.
ex. horney (security and anxiety) and Adler (infer. and super. complex)

Psychology 101 (7 decks)

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