Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2 growth and development > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Age of adolescence

A

12-18 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the main change of teens

A

puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is puberty stage

A

Time between the first onrush of hormones and full adult physical development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 2 main aspects of puberty

A

growth spurt and sexual maturity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how long does puberty last

A

3-5 years after it starts

– so some individuals continue to grow in their 20’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what age does puberty normally start at

A

8-14 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

when does psychosocial maturity happen

A

this normally takes many more years to maturity and it doesnt happen in teen stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what causes puberty to start

A

with an increase in hormones

  • pubertal hormones
  • visible signs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where do the hormones come from

A
  • HPA

- HPG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how does HPA transmit hormones

A

hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does HPG transmit hormones

A

hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how tall do teens grow a year

A

4 inches a year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how much weight does the teen grow a year

A 
Girls = 14-15 lbs a year 
Boys= 15-16 lbs a year
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does the growth spurt happen for teens

A

-distal to proximal

so the fingers and hand plus the feet and toes grow 1st then the limbs then the trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the sequence for growth for a teen

A

1st -weight
2nd- height
3rd- strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where does the weight of boys and girls come from

A

boys- muscles

girls - fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how much essential fat do boys and girls have

A

boys - 2-3%

Girls- 10-13%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how does the skin and hair change in teens

A

skin- oly and sweater

hair- rougher and darker plus more hair will grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how do organs growth change in teens

A

the lung - 3x in size

the Heart- 2x in size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how does HR, BP, RR change in teens

A

they become adult values

HR- 60-100
BP- 120/80
RR- 12-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is sexual maturation stages

A
  • primary

- secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are primary sex characteristics

A

Parts of the body that are directly involved in reproduction, including the vagina, uterus, ovaries, testicles, and penis

  • of the sex organs of reproduction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the secondary sex characteristics

A

Physical traits that are not directly involved in reproduction but that indicate sexual maturity

** physical signs of maturity not directly linked to reproduction

  • shape- males ↓ in hip and females ↑ in hips
  • hair patterns- males on the face BOTH arm pits and sex organs
  • breast- females
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is menarcher

A

this is the onset of menstruation in girls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the average age of menarche

A

Average age of menarche is 12 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is spermarche

A

this is the first spontaneous ejaculation of sperm containing fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the average age of spermarche

A

Average age of spermarche is 13 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are the stages of secondary sex characteristics in girls

A

Breast budding, initial pubic-hair growth, growth spurt, hip widening, full pubic-hair pattern, breast maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are the stages of secondary sex characteristics in boys

A

Testes growth, initial pubic-hair growth, penis, facial hair, growth spurt, voice deepening, final pubic-hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are some causes that will cause puberty to start

A
  • genes = parents
  • gender= girls will happen earlier
  • body fat= girls will have higher body fat causes earlier onset
  • stress = ↑ stress will causes puberty to happen earlier
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the brain like in a teen

A

95% of an adult size and weight

  • myelination and synaptic pruning are nearly complete
  • limibic system reaches maturity
  • frontal cortex continues to develop
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what does the limbic system reaches maturity in the teens mean

A

Helps regulate reward, desire, pleasure, and emotional experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what does the frontal cortex in the teen mean

A

Risk behavior

Vulnerable to social pressures and stresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what developed first the cortex or the limbic system

A

the limbic system at 15 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is the neurological development in teens

A
  • Instinctual and emotional areas develop before the reflective ones do
  • When emotions are intense, especially when one is with peers, the logical part of the brain shuts down
  • When stress, arousal, passion, sensory bombardment, drug intoxication, or deprivation is extreme, the adolescent brain is overtaken by impulses that might shame adults
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what are some benefits of teen brain development

A
    • aspect of teen brain development
  • ↑ myelination which ↓ reaction time
  • enhanced dopamine activity and promoting pleasurable experiences
  • synaptic growth enhances morla development an openness to new experiences and idea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is the happens to the sleep in teens

A

circadian changes at puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what is circadian rhythms

A

A day–night cycle of biological activity that occurs approximately every 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

how many % of teens get the optimal amount of sleep on school night

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what happens to the decreased sleep in teens

A

Decreased motivation, interference with learning

Report higher levels of depression, irritability, and lack of tolerance for frustration

Have difficulty controlling their emotional responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what should a teen have for nutrition

A
  • girls 2,200
  • boys 2,700

BOTH need iron and calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

how much is the obestiy for the teens

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what are the eating disorders in teens

A
  • anorexia

- bulimia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what is anorexia

A

self starvation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what is bulimia

A

binge eating and subsequent purging usually by induced vomiting and or use of laxatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what are some characteristics of eating disorders

A
  • body weight ↓ by 10% in 1 month (10-15lbs)

- BMI below 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

what are the psychological impact of puberty

A
  • body image

- moddiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

what are the body image issue with teens

A

A person’s idea of how his or her body looks

Girls are more critical of their appearance and are likely to be dissatisfied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

what are some moodiness issues for teens

A

Rapid increases in hormones related to greater irritability and impulsivity, but not moodiness

More changes in activities and social settings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

how do girls see their body images and how many see themselves as being overweight

A

girls will see/ feel they are heavier than you really are they dont know the healthy body type

1/3 of teen age girls think they are overweight when really only about 1/6 are.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

what is formal operational thought

A

Characterized by more systematic logic and the ability to think about abstract ideas

Understand that a hypothetical problem need not correspond to the real world

Use deductive reasoning to draw logical conclusions from the facts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

what is inductive reasoning

A

From one or more specific experiences or facts to reach (induce) a general conclusion

Bottom-up

Squirrels on campus are brown
Squirrels in the park are brown
All squirrels are brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

what is deductive reasoning

A

From a general statement, premise, or principle, through logical steps, to figure out (deduce) specifics

Top-down

Fuji is an apple
All apples are fruit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

what is hypothetical thought

A

Includes reasoning that uses propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality

If all mammals can walk
And whales are mammals
Can whales walk?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

what are the 2 types of dual processing

A
  • intuitive thought - right side

- analytic thought - left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

what is intuitive thought

A

Thought that arises from an emotion or a hunch, beyond rational explanation, and is influenced by past experiences and cultural assumptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

what is analytic thought

A

Thought that results from analysis, such as a systematic ranking of pros and cons, risks and consequences, possibilities and facts

Analytic thought depends on logic and rationality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

what are some aspect of intuition

A

unconscious
emotional
experiential
hot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

what are some aspect of analysis

A

conscious
intellectual
rational
cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Look at slide teen pp

A

28, 30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

what happens to the limbic system in teens

A

Limbic system activated by puberty; prefrontal cortex matures more gradually
*****Impulsive vs. inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

what happens with decision making and thinking in teens

A

Experience in decision making and thinking facilitates more accurate use of analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

what happens with formal and analytical thinking in teens

A

With maturity, adolescents gradually balance formal analytic thinking and emotional, experiential thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

what are some aspect of teens thinking

A
  • adolescent egocentrism
  • imaginary audience
  • personal fable
  • illusion of invulnerability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

what is adolescent egocentrism

A

Thinking intensely about themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

what is imaginary audience

A

Others are watching them constantly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

what is personal fable

A

Their experiences and feelings are unique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

what is illusion of invulnerability

A

Misfortune happens only to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

what is egocentrism reassessed in teens

A

Previous research suggests egocentrism fosters adolescent risk taking

Current perspectives propose egocentrism may be protective

Adolescents who feel psychologically invincible tend to be resilient slide 33–37

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

what is digital natives in teens

A

A generation grew up with technology

Many have been networking since childhood

Within nations, the digital divide is shrinking, though digital differences remain

Low-income families continue to be less likely to have high-speed Internet at home.

Adolescents from low-SES neighborhoods are less likely to use the Internet

The most notable digital divide is age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

what is technology and cognition in teens

A

Adolescent cognitive growth benefits from shared experiences and opinions

Video games with violent content promote aggression

Adolescents sometimes share personal information online without thinking about the possible consequences

Anonymity provided by electronic technology often brings out the worst in people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

what is the psychosocial development for teens

A

identity vs role confusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

what is identity vs role confusion

A

Erikson’s term for the fifth stage of development, in which the person tries to figure out “Who am I?” but is confused as to which of many possible roles to adopt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

what are some aspect of identity vs role confusion

A
  • achievement
  • diffusion
  • foreclosure
  • moratorium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

what is is diffusion

A

Does not know or care what their identity is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

what is foreclosure

A

Adopt parents’ or society’s roles and values wholesale without questioning or analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

what is moratorium

A

An adolescent’s choice of a socially acceptable way to postpone making identity-achievement decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

what are some aspect of sadness and anger in a teen

A
  • depression

- major depressive disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

what is depression in a teen

A

Self-esteem for boys and girls dips at puberty

Signs of depression are common

Level of family and peer support is influential

Cultural contexts are influential; familism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

what is major depressive disorder in a teen

A

Deep sadness and feelings of hopelessness, lethargy, and worthlessness

Varied causal factors: Biological and psychological stress; genes; rumination with peers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

what are some aspect of the suicide

A
  • cluster suicides
  • parasuicide
  • suicidal ideation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

what is cluster suicides

A

Several suicides committed by members of a group within a brief period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

what is parasuicide

A

Any potentially lethal action against the self that does not result in death

Parasuicide is common, completed suicide is not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

what is suicidal ideation

A

Thinking about suicide, usually with some serious emotional and intellectual or cognitive overtones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

what is familism

A

how the family relate to each other the support system

more focus on this = ↓ in depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

how has a higher rate of depression, suicidal ideation, parasuicide,

A

girls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

what are the different types of relationships with adults

A
  • conflicts with parents
  • bickering
  • uninvolved parenting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

what is conflicts with parents

A

Parent–adolescent conflict typically peaks in early adolescence and is more a sign of attachment than of distance

Less evident in cultures that stress familism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

what is bickering

A

Bickering involves petty, peevish arguing, usually repeated and ongoing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

what is uninvolved parenting

A

Although teenagers may act as if they no longer need their parents, neglect can be very destructive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

what are the different types of closeness wihtin the family

A
  • communication
  • support
  • connectedness
  • control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

what is communication for closeness of family in teens

A

Do family members talk openly with one another?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

what is support for closeness of family in teens

A

Do they rely ono one another?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

what is connectedness for closeness of family in teens

A

How emotionally close are they?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

what is control for closeness of family in teens

A

Do parents encourage or limit adolescent autonomy?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

what are the different types of relationships with peers

A
  • peer pressure
  • deviancy training
  • selection
  • facilitation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

what is the peer pressure of relationships with peers

A

Peer pressure involves encouragement to conform to one’s friends or contemporaries in behavior, dress, and attitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

what is the deviancy training of relationships with peers

A

Destructive peer support in which one person shows another how to rebel against authority or social norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

what is the selection of relationships with peers

A

Teenagers select friends whose values and interests they share, abandoning friends who follow other paths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

what is the facilitation of relationships with peers

A

Peers facilitate both destructive and constructive behaviors in one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

what is some issues with drugs use in teens

A
  • alcohol
  • tobacco
  • pot
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

what is use in drug use

A

when they try it

103
Q

what is abuse in drug use

A

the bad influences of the drug

104
Q

what is addiction in drug use

A

you need it to live

105
Q

what is the issue with alcohol in teens

A

Most frequently abused drug

May permanently impair memory and self-control

106
Q

what is the issue wiht tobacco in teens

A

Impairs digestion, nutrition

Damage hearts, lungs, brains, and reproductive systems

107
Q

what is the issue with pot in teens

A

More likely to drop out of school, become teenage parents, and be unemployed

Affects memory, language proficiency, and motivation

108
Q

what are the issues with opioids and teens

A

Misuse of opioids in adolescents: 4.2 percent (2,000)

Rate of overdose deaths among adolescents is increasing

Youth who have witnessed a family member overdose or who have a large number of friends who misuse prescription drugs also are at increased risk

109
Q

how can we ↓ the opioid use

A

Treat pain cautiously

Talk with teens in your life about pain treatment and management

110
Q

what are the ages of emerging adulthood

A

18-25 years old

111
Q

what do you view yourself as an adult of emerging adulthood

A 
Completing an education
Being financially independent
Leaving home
Marrying
Having children
112
Q

what are some aspect of emerging adulthood

A 
Demographic diversity
Subjective conceptions
Identity explorations
Risk behaviors
Across culture
113
Q

what is subjective conceptions of emerging adulthood

A

we arent teens but also not adults

114
Q

what is identity explorations of emerging adulthood

A

identity and confusion stage
1 love
2 work
-who are you

  • not with parents and if your not married you will explore more
115
Q

what is the risk behaviors of emerging adulthood

A

as you dont know hwat you want to do so there is more risk

116
Q

what about emerging adulthood is there different across culture

A

some cultures will see what adults are different

-think of the industrial people will get married later

117
Q

what is love like in a teen

A

Recreational in adolescence

118
Q

what is love like emerging adulthood

A

More intimate and serious in emerging adulthood

119
Q

what is work like for teens

A

Transient and tentative in adolescence

120
Q

what is work like for emerging adulthood

A

More focused and serious in emerging adulthood

121
Q

what is the average amount of high schoolers that go on to college

A

80%

122
Q

what is financial independence of emerging adulthood

A

A major marker of becoming an adult

Gained earlier for 1/3 of high school graduates or those not finishing high school

May start later for college graduates

123
Q

what are some role transitions of emerging adulthood

A

Traditionally, ages 18 to 25 were a time for hard physical work and childbearing

Physical work and parenthood are no longer expected of every young adult in the twenty-first century

College attendance

postponement of marriage

124
Q

what is college attendance in emerging adulthood

A

±10% in early 1900s, but ±67% today

125
Q

what is postponement of marriage in emerging adulthood

A

Median age of first marriage: 29.2 (M), 27.1 (F)

1990- 26.1(M) and 27.1(F)

126
Q

what are some info about emerging adults

A

Period between the ages of 18 and 25, which is now widely thought of as a separate developmental stage

Explore their identities

Lead unstable lives filled with job changes, new relationships, and moves

Emerging adults are usually in good health

127
Q

what is the health status of emerging adults

A

96.4% rated good and above

128
Q

how often do emerging adult see a health professional once a year

A

6 medical visits per year for adults over 65

129
Q

how many of the emerging adult get a flu shot

A

Less than 1/3 of adults aged 18-45 had flu shot

130
Q

how many hours of sleep do emerging adulthood get

A

6.5–8.5 hours of sleep a night for young adults

131
Q

what happens with insufficient sleep emerging adulthood

A

Increases appetite, weight, depression, accidents

Decreases energy, alertness, health, life expectancy

132
Q

how much aerobic exercises is needed for emerging adulthood

A

Aerobic exercise: 150 minutes moderate or 75 minutes intense exercise per week, at least 10 minutes at a time

133
Q

how much muscle strengthening exercises for emerging adulthood

A

Muscle-strengthening exercise: twice a week

134
Q

how much exercises do emerging adulthood get

A

Full standard for aerobic exercise met by 62 percent; for muscle-strengthening exercise by 33 percent

135
Q

how should emerging adulthood eat

A

Set point: a particular body weight that homeostatic processes strive to maintain

136
Q

how is alcohol beneficial of emerging adulthood

A

No more than two drinks a day increases life expectancy

Reduces coronary heart disease and strokes

Lowers blood pressure

137
Q

what happens with alcohol abuse in emerging adulthood

A

Destroys brain cells

Is major cause of liver damage and several cancers

Contributes to osteoporosis

Decreases fertility

Accompanies many suicides, homicides, and accidents

138
Q

what is he cognitive theory - piaget for emerging adulthood

A

formal operational

139
Q

what is the postformal thought for emerging adulthood

A

Extends adolescent thinking by being more practical, flexible, and creative

Occurs as a person is less impulsive and reactive and more practical and imaginative

Emotion and subjective factors play roles in thinking

Ambiguity and contradiction happen regularly

140
Q

what is realativistic thinking

A

Relativistic thinking: the correct answer may vary from situation to situation

141
Q

what is dialectical thought

A

Ability to consider a thesis and its antithesis and arrive at a synthesis

Able to see the pros and cons, advantages and disadvantages, possibilities and limitations

Accept the world is filled with contradictions

142
Q

how is time management in emerging adults

A

truggle for emerging adults, but usually mastered as cognition matures

143
Q

what is delay discounting in emerging adults

A

Tendency to undervalue, or ignore, future consequences and rewards in favor of immediate gratification

Reduced with age as prefrontal cortex matures

Postformal thinking allows better planning and collaboration

144
Q

what are the types of dual processing

A
  • subjective thought

- objective thought

145
Q

what is subjective thought

A

Thinking that is based on personal qualities of the individual thinker (i.e., experiences, culture, goals)

146
Q

what is objective thought

A

Thinking that is not based on thinker’s personal qualities but instead based on valid facts and numbers

147
Q

what is intimacy vs isolation in emerging adults

A

Intimacy vs. isolation

Family, friendship, love

Stronger sense of one’s own identity is needed to achieve intimacy

148
Q

what is family like in emerging adults

A

linked lives
financial support
emotional support
helicopter parent

149
Q

what is linked lives

A

The success, health, and well-being of each family member are connected to those of other members

150
Q

what is financial support

A

Parents of all income levels in the United States help their adult children

151
Q

what is friendships like in emerging adults

A

Reach peak functional significance

152
Q

what are mens friends like in emerging adults

A

Men tend to share activities and interests and talk about external matters

But do not talk of failures or emotional problems

Demand less of their friends, so they have more of them

153
Q

what are females friends like in emerging adults

A

Women tend to share secrets, reveal their weaknesses and problems, and expect sympathy
Are more intimate and emotional

154
Q

what are the dimensions of love in emerging adults

A

Robert Sternberg-three aspects of love

  • passion
  • intimacy
  • commitment
155
Q

what is passion

A

An intense physical, cognitive, and emotional onslaught characterized by excitement, ecstasy, and euphoria

156
Q

what is intimacy

A

Knowing someone well; sharing secrets as well as sex

157
Q

what is commitment

A

Grows gradually through decisions to be together, mutual caregiving, kept secrets, shared possessions, and forgiveness

158
Q

what is the western ideal of consummate love

A

Western ideal of consummate love includes passion, intimacy, and commitment

Ideal is difficult to achieve

Passion may fade, intimacy may grow and stabilize, and commitment may deepen

159
Q

what make sa good relationship succeed

A

Changes over time
Financial security
Good communication

160
Q

what is good communication

A

Demand/withdraw interaction

Situation in a romantic relationship wherein one person wants to address an issue and the other refuses

161
Q

what is liking

A

Intimacy

162
Q

what is infatuation

A

passion

163
Q

what is empty love

A

commitment

164
Q

what is romantic love

A

passion

intimacy

165
Q

what is fatuous love

A

passion

commitment

166
Q

what is companionate love

A

intimacy

commitment

167
Q

what is consummative love

A

passion
intimacy
commitment

168
Q

what is the age of adulthood

A

25-65 years old

169
Q

what are the sections of adulthood

A

25-40 young adulthood

40-65 middle adulthood

170
Q

what is the height for adults

A
  • average
  • –F= 63.7 inch
  • –M= 69.1 inch

height will decease over time

171
Q

how much will adult lose in height

A

males- 1 1/2 inch

females 2 inch

172
Q

what are the reasons for heigh loss

A
  • loss of disk height
  • ↓ vertebral bones (bone density )
  • ↓ arch o1n the foot
  • poor posture
173
Q

what is the average weight of the adult

A 
males = 189.3 (starts to ↓ at age 60)
females = 159. (starts to ↓ at age 50)
174
Q

what is the decease in weight from

A

muscles

175
Q

what is extreme obesity

A

bmi over 40

176
Q

adulthood look at slide

A

6 for the obesity chart

177
Q

what is the consequences of obesity

A

Increased risk of type II diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases

Increased mortality rate

178
Q

what is the healthiest age for adulthood

A

around 25 years old they have the lowest risk to have type 2 diabetes or cardiac issues

179
Q

how do you measure health in the in adulhood

A
  • mortality
  • morbidity
  • disability
  • vitality
180
Q

what is mortality

A

Annual number of deaths per 100,000 people

181
Q

what is morbidity

A

Rate of diseases in a given population
Higher in nations with lower mortality
Higher in females than males

182
Q

what is disability

A

Difficulty in performing ADLs

183
Q

what is vitality

A

How healthy and energetic an individual feels

184
Q

what is senescence

A

progress of aging

Gradual physical decline that is related to aging and during which the body becomes less strong and efficient

Involves genetic and environmental influences

Occurs in everyone and in every body part, but the rate of decline is highly variable within and between persons

185
Q

what is primary aging

A

the condition that comes naturally with aging

186
Q

what is secondary aging

A

not everyone will get these and come from the primary aging

187
Q

what happens wiht blood pressure with adulthood

A

Increases with age
*****Mainly in systolic blood pressure

Hypertension increases the risk of heart disease and stroke

188
Q

what are some way to decrease blood pressure

A

Exercise, lose weight, avoid salt, medication

189
Q

what happens with breathing in adulthood

A

Maximum breathing function decreases with age

  • ***Gas exchange
  • ***Forced vital capacity
190
Q

what happens with gas exchanged in adulthood

A

every 10 years it will decrease by 4%

191
Q

what happens with forced vital capacty in adulthood

A

every 10 years it will decrease by .2L

the normal is 3-5 L

192
Q

what does smoking do to the lungs

A

Smoking increases the risk of COPD

193
Q

how to decrease issues with the lungs

A

Exercising, avoid pollutant

Quit smoking

194
Q

what happens to the brain with adulthood

A
  • ↓ grow knowledge improves
  • brain sized decreases
  • reaction time lengthens
  • decreased working memory
195
Q

what is severe brain loss

A

Severe brain loss before 65 is usually related to drug abuse, poor circulation, viruses, or genes

196
Q

what is decreased working memory

A

Multitasking gets harder

Complex tasks may become impossible

197
Q

what happens with the skin in adulthood

A

Collagen decreases by about 1 percent per year (starting at age 20)

By age 30: Skin is becoming thinner and less flexible; wrinkles become visible

198
Q

what happens with the hair in adulthood

A

Hair becomes gray and thinner

Women’s hair becomes thinner overall

Men lose hair on the top but not the sides
*****Male pattern baldness

199
Q

how do hormones and diet change in adulthood

A

-females after menopaos causes wrnles to be visible

BUT ↑ body fat ↓wrinkles

200
Q

what happens with shape and agility in adulthood

A
  • body shape changed by 50

- muscles weaken joints lose flexibility and agility is reduced (balance)

201
Q

what happens with the body shape changed by 50

A

Increased waist circumference

Fatty tissue deposits in abdomen, upper arms, buttocks, chin

202
Q

what are some vision cchanges in adulthood

A
  • presbyopia
  • Loss of peripheral vision

Decreased color vision

Reduced pupil size

203
Q

what is presbyopia

A

Caused by thickening or hardening of lens

204
Q

what is loss fo peripheral vision

A

driving - harder to do — compensate by turning your head

205
Q

what is decreased color vision

A

blue color may appear faded

- job issues

206
Q

what is reduced pupil size

A

less light will be able to come in and need to ↑ light in the room

207
Q

what are some issues with hearing in adulthood

A

Presbycusis

A loss of hearing that is associated with senescence and that usually does not become apparent until after age 60

May occur earlier with damage from loud music and earphones

208
Q

what type of hearing do you lose first

A

high pitch

209
Q

what is the sexual reproductive system with infertility in adulthood

A

Rates of infertility increases

16% in young couples
50% in couples in their 40s

210
Q

what are some issues that can cause infertility in males

A

fever, drugs, stress, alcohol, smoking

211
Q

what are some issues that can cause infertility in females

A

disease, smoking, extreme dieting, obesity

212
Q

what is menopause

A

Cessation of menstruation and ovulation

213
Q

what is the average age for menopause

A

Average age is 51

214
Q

what affects menopause

A

Affected primarily by genes

Smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption

215
Q

why do hormone replacements

A

alleviated symptoms
osteoprosis (not for prevention as it can cause breast cancer)
breast cancer

216
Q

what are some symptoms of menopasue

A

vaginal dryness, body temperature disturbances (hot flashes), hot flushes, cold sweats

217
Q

what are some exercise habits with adulthood

A

Exercise helps every condition at every age

Overweight people are sometimes healthier than trim ones

Physical activity reduces breast cancer risks, despite weight

218
Q

what is more important intensity or regular exercise

A

Intensity is unnecessary; regular exercise is

150 minutes of moderate exercise or
75 minutes of intensive exercise

219
Q

what should adults exercise

A

Exercise of Type II muscles

220
Q

how many people in adulthood use tobacco

A

21% of adult men and 17% of adult women

221
Q

how is the rate of tobacco in adults

A

In US, high- SES people are less likely to smoke

In poor nations, rates of smoking increase with income

222
Q

what is alcohol like in adulthood

A

Moderate drinking is beneficial

Excessive drinking is harmful

223
Q

how much alcohol is beneficial

A

No more than two drinks a day

224
Q

what happens with excessive drinking

A

Destroys brain cells
Causes liver damage and several cancers
Osteoporosis
Decreases fertility

225
Q

what is the hierarchical of intelligence

A

General intelligence → Abilities →Specific skills

226
Q

what is triarchic of intelligence

A

analytic, creative, practical

227
Q

what are some other aspect of intelligence adulthood

A

g cannot be measured directly

Heavily influenced by genetics

Changes over time

Predicts education, income, and longevity

228
Q

what is analytic intelligence adulthood

A

Analyzing problem and generate different solutions

Plan, evaluate, analyze, monitor, compare/contrast, filter

229
Q

what is creative intelligence adulthood

A

Response to novel situation and problems

Inventing, discovering, imaging, creating

230
Q

what is practical intelligence adulthood

A

Adapt behavior to the demands of a situation

231
Q

Look at adult pp

A

slide 25

232
Q

what are some gain and losses in adults

A

selective optimization with compensation

momentary gains that lead to long term losses

233
Q

what is selective optimization with compensation

A

Maximize gains while minimizing losses

234
Q

what is momentary gains that lead to long term losses

A

Immediate comfort over long-term health and cognition

235
Q

what are some coping methods in adult hood

A
  • avoidant coping
  • problem focused coping
  • emotion focused coping
236
Q

what is avoidant coping

A

Method of responding to a stressor by ignoring, forgetting, or hiding it

237
Q

what is problem focused coping

A

Strategy to deal with stress by tackling a stressful situation directly

238
Q

what is emotion focused coping

A

Strategy to deal with stress by changing feelings about the stressor rather than changing the stressor itself

Religious coping

239
Q

what are the psychosocial stages

A
  • intimacy vs isolation

- generativity vs stagnation

240
Q

what is intimacy vs isolation

A

Young adults seek companionship and love or become isolated from others, fearing rejection.

241
Q

what is generativity vs stagnation

A

Middle-aged adults contribute to future generations through work, creative activities, and parenthood or they stagnate.

242
Q

what is intimacy- romantic partners in adulthood

A
  • marriage

- nonmarital romantic relationships

243
Q

what is marriage in adulthood

A

More adults never marry

244
Q

what is nonmartial romantic relationships in adulthood

A

Cohabitation

Living apart together

245
Q

what is martial happiness first 6 months

A

Honeymoon period; happiest of all

246
Q

what is martial happiness 6m - 5 years

A

Happiness dips; divorce is more common now than later in marriage.

247
Q

what is martial happiness 5- 10 years

A

Happiness holds steady.

248
Q

what is martial happiness 10-20 years

A

Happiness dips as children reach puberty.

249
Q

what is martial happiness 20-30 years

A

Happiness rises when children leave the nest.

250
Q

what is martial happiness 30-50 years

A

Happiness is high and steady, barring serious health problems.

251
Q

what is generativity in adulthood

A

Adults satisfy their need to be generative in many ways, including creativity, caregiving, and employment.

parenthood- physical and psychological needs

care giving - squeezed sandwich generation

employment

252
Q

what is generativity and work in adulthood

A
  • extrinsic rewards of work

- intrinsic rewards of work

253
Q

what is extrinsic rewards of work in adulthood

A

The tangible benefits, usually in the form of compensation (e.g., salary, health insurance, pension), that one receives for doing a job

254
Q

what is intrinsic rewards of work in adulthood

A

The intangible gratifications (e.g., job satisfaction, self-esteem, pride) that come from within oneself as a result of doing a job

2 growth and development (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions