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2 growth and development > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the scientific method

A
  1. Begin with curiosity and pose a question
  2. Develop a hypothesis
  3. Test the hypothesis
  4. Draw conclusions
  5. Report the results
  6. Replication
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2
Q

what are the two ways to determine due date

A

from conception

or form last menstrual period

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3
Q

when will the mom know she is prego

A

this takes about 2 weeks as it take a week for the egg/ sperm to move down the tube and another week to implant the zygot as this is where the hormones start to take affect

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4
Q

what are the ages of the Erikson stage– - intergruity vs despair

A

65 and older

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5
Q

what is the reflex theory application

A

testing reflexes to predict function

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6
Q

what is the microsystem of the Bronfenbrenner ecological model

A

immediate, direct influences

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7
Q

what is the outcome of the Neonatal Body Righting (BOB)

A

moving 1 limb and the whole body will move with the limb ( rolling) This helps the baby move

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8
Q

what is the position of the Neonatal Body Righting (BOB)

A

Supine, head in midline

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9
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Proprioceptive Placing (LE)

A

Lift the infant so that the dorsum of the foot presses against the edge of the table

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10
Q

what is the key object of Concrete Operations

A

conservation and thinking locally

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11
Q

what is the key object of the sensorimotor stage

A

object permanence

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12
Q

what are surveys

A
  • Involves collection of information from a large number of people
  • Presents challenges in acquiring valid information
  • Produces answers that are influenced by the wording and the sequence of the survey questions
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13
Q

what is the outcome of the Flexor Withdrawal

A

they will flex the leg to get away form noxious stim

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14
Q

what is socioeconomic status

A

determined by income, wealth, occupation, education, and place of residence • Housing, health, nutrition, knowledge

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15
Q

how much of nature and nurture effect a person

A

nature - 35 %

nurture -65%

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16
Q

what is the years of Preoperational

A

2–6 years

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17
Q

what is differential susceptibility

A

sensitivity to any particular experiences differs from 1 person to another

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18
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Crossed Extension

A

Holding one leg in extension at the knee, apply firm pressure to the sole of this leg

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19
Q

what happens during stage 1 of labor

A

(12-24 hours before birth)
Contractions occur
Cervix enlarges to ~4 inches

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20
Q

what is the mesoderm of the embryonic period

A

middle layer

Muscles, bones, circulatory systems

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21
Q

what is anoxia perinatal hazards

A

Pinched umbilical cord, sedatives given

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22
Q

what are some facts of teratogens

A

1 The effect of the teratogen depends upon the genotype of the organism

2 The impact of teratogens changes over the course of prenatal development: critical period

3 Each teratogen affects a specific aspect of prenatal development

4 The impact of teratogens depends on the dosage

5 Damage from teratogens is not always evident at birth

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23
Q

what are some cons to longitudinal design

A

Time consuming and costly, drop out, repeated testing, time-of-measurement effects

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24
Q

what is post term

A

if the baby come after 1 week of due date

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25
Q

what are some pros of cross sectional study

A

quicker and easier than longitudinal

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26
Q

what is zone of proximal development

A

Skills, knowledge, and concepts that learner is close to acquiring but cannot master without help

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27
Q

what or who give support during childbirth

A

Spouse, partner, mother, sister

Doula, midwives

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28
Q

what is nature

A

Traits, capacities, and limitations that each individual inherits genetically from parent

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29
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Galant Reflex

A

gently stimulate along the paravertebral area from the C7 area to the buttocks

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30
Q

what are the ages of the Erikson stage– -trust vs mistrust

A

birth to 1 year

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31
Q

what is synergy

A

this is a way to come up with this to help solve DOF

-NEED to look at this more !!!!

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32
Q

what is the theories of motor learning (adams )

A

adams closed loop theory

  • –use feedback to modify motor output
  • –memory trace
  • –limitations (novel movement, open loop movements)
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33
Q

what is assimilation

A

New experiences are reinterpreted to fit into old ideas

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34
Q

how many and how long are the trimesters of pregnancy

A

there are 3 and they last about 3 month each

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35
Q

what is classical conditioning

A

associate a meaningful stimulus to a naturally occurring stimulus

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36
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Moro Reflex

A

Allow the neck to drop, stretching neck muscles

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37
Q

what is the definitions of Freud stage – Anal

A

The anus is the focus of pleasurable sensations in the baby’s body, and toilet training is the most important activity

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38
Q

what is the CNS development stages

A 
proliferation 
migration 
differentiation 
synaptogeneisis 
myelination
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39
Q

how is development multicultural

A
  • culture
  • ethnic group
  • race
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40
Q

what is race

A

Physical appearance; nature, flawed, destructive concepts

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41
Q

what is the position of the Traction Reflex

A

Supine with the arms and head in midline

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42
Q

what is the cognitive stages of the motor learning (Fitts’

A

Verbal
Get a general idea of the movement

Stiff, inconsistent, slow

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43
Q

what is the outcome of the Moro Reflex

A

the arms with abduction, elbow ext. and wrist ext and finger ext.
THEN they will addcution to grab a hold of someone as they think they are falling

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44
Q

what is the minimum movement time

A

person with the highest proficiency can complete the tasks in the shortest amount of time

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45
Q

what is the position of the Neonatal Neck Righting (NOB) [Immature]

A

Infant in supine, head in midline

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46
Q

comparison of experimental and correlation method chart

A

look at slide 17

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47
Q

what is the reflex theory

A

Complex behavior occurs through combined action of individual reflexes

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48
Q

what is intrinsic feedback

A

Proprioceptive
Exteroceptive
Concurrent feedback

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49
Q

what is the historical contexxt

A

• Cohort: a group defined by its members’ shared age

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50
Q

what shoudl a prospective mother do to get ready for a baby

A

Plan the pregnancy
Take a daily multivitamin with folic acid
Avoid binge drinking
Update immunizations against teratogenic viruses
Gain or lose weight, as appropriate
Reassess use of prescription drugs
Develop daily exercise habits

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51
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Flexor Withdrawal

A

Apply a noxious stimulus to the sole of the foot

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52
Q

What is the definitions of Erikson stages– -initiavte vs guilt

A

Children either try to undertake many adultlike activities or internalize the limits and prohibitions set by parents. They feel either adventurous or guilty

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53
Q

what is the closed loop control

A
  • slow movement

- feedback

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54
Q

what are the ages of the Erikson stage– -autonomy vs shame and doubt

A

1-3 years

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55
Q

what is the neural tube

A

this is the beginning of brain formation

  • starts at 3-4 weeks
  • neural plate folds up to gorm the neura tube
  • spina biida
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56
Q

what is Freud psychoanalytic theory

A
  • irrational, unconscious drives and motives, often originating in childhood, underlie human behavior
  • 5 stages n
  • early conflict resolution determines personality patterns
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57
Q

what is extrinsic feedback

A

Provided by outside source
Knowledge of results
Knowledge of performance
Concurrent and terminal feedback

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58
Q

what is the from conception time periods

A

38 weeks or 266 days and is the lenght of the pregnancy

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59
Q

what is the key object of formal operations

A

abstract thinking and hypothetical concepts

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60
Q

what is the order of the brain in the hierarchical theory

A
  • cortex
  • midbrain
  • brain stem
  • spinal cord

** works from the top down

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61
Q

what is social learning

A

this is where you oberve things that happen and will act that out and they learn by consequenes

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62
Q

what is operant conditioning

A

behavior becomes more or less probable depending on the consequences it produces

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63
Q

what is the key object of the Preoperational Stage

A

fail to demonstrate conservation

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64
Q

what is psycho social

A

• Emotions, temperament, social skills
• Family, friends, community, culture, society
(look at the chart on slide 7 as it would fit here
( an interaction with the environment)

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65
Q

what is the declarative learning type

A
  • Results in knowledge that can be consciously recalled and thus requires processes such as awareness, attention, and reflection
  • Facts, events
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66
Q

what is fail to demonstrate

A

Conservation: the properties of an object do not change when its appearance is altered

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67
Q

what are parts of specific transfers

A

task - specific

feasibility : simulation

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68
Q

how is develpment multidirectional

A

Over time, human characteristics change in every direction
• Continuous versus discontinuous
• Gradual and quantitative versus abrupt and
qualitative
• Timing of losses and gain

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69
Q

what are teratogens

A

any disease, drug or other environmental agent that can harm a developing fetus
-Drugs, virus, chemicals, pollutants

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70
Q

what are some cons of cross sectional study

A

age and cohort effects are confounded, no information on changes with age

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71
Q

what is the position of the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex

A

Supine, gently turn the infant’s head to one side

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72
Q

what is cross sequential study

A

Sequential, cohort-sequential, time-sequential

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73
Q

what is the macrosystem of the Bronfenbrenner ecological model

A

cultural patterns, political philosophies, economic policies and social conditions

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74
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Traction Reflex

A

Grasp the child’s wrists and pull up to sitting placing a stretch on the shoulder adductors and arm flexors

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75
Q

what is the Preoperational Stage

A
  • Developed the capacity for symbolic thought
  • Use symbols: language, pretend play
  • Egocentrism
  • fail to demonstrate conservation
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76
Q

how long do the egg and sprem last

A

that is about 3 to 4 days on there own

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77
Q

what is culture

A

A system of shared beliefs, norms, behaviors, and expectations that persist over time and prescribe social behavior and assumptions

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78
Q

what is the outcome of the Proprioceptive Placing (UE)

A

they will lift arm up to surface

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79
Q

what is cognitive

A
  • Mental processes

* Perception, imagination, judgment, memory, languag

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80
Q

what is sensitive period

A

a window of time during which an individual is more affected by experience, particular development occurs more easily, BUT you can still learn or do it

(language learning )

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81
Q

what is the age span of prenatal period

A

conception to birth

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82
Q

what are the system models of motor learning (bernstein)

A
  • novice stage
  • advanced stage
  • expert stages
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83
Q

wht is the emotional conditions in maternal side

A

= prolonged and severe emotional stress and anxiety during pregnancy
—-could have fast hr or low birth weight , preterm, birth complication,more irritable, prone to crying

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84
Q

what is the evolutionary theory

A
  • Evolution interaction between genes and environment
  • Two long-standing biologically based drives: survival and reproduction
  • Selective adaptation
  • Suggests genetic variations are particularly beneficial when the environment changes and benefits humanity as a whole
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85
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Neonatal Neck Righting (NOB) [Mature]

A

Turn the infant’s head to one side

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86
Q

what is cohort effects

A

Effects of being born as a member of a particular generation in a particular historical contex

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87
Q

what is the outcome of the Crossed Extension

A

they will apply a firm pressure on the bottom of hte foot and it will cause the other leg to

  • flex up
  • adduciton
  • then extend
    • mimics walking
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88
Q

what is the outcome of the Plantar Grasp

A

toes will graps the object that is applying pressure

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89
Q

what is the position of the Neonatal Positive Support (LE) Reflex

A

Support the infant in a vertical position

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90
Q

what is the organizing practice

A
  • constant vs variable
  • blocked vs. random
  • massed vs. distributed
  • part vs. whole
  • **** LOOK at the slide for this 23
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91
Q

what is the position of the Galant Reflex

A

Prone

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92
Q

what is a theory

A

is a set of concepts and propositions intended to describe and explain certain phenomena

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93
Q

what are the stages of labor

A

stage 1
stage 2
stage 3

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94
Q

what is the open loop control

A
  • fast movement
  • feedforward
  • error detection -correction occurs after the movement
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95
Q

what are the ages of the Erikson stage– - intimacy vs isolation

A

20-40 years

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96
Q

what is the outcome of the Neonatal Neck Righting (NOB) [Immature]

A

babies head to 1 side and then turnk will move in a log roll

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97
Q

what are the 2 procress of adaptation

A
  • assimilation

- accommodation

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98
Q

what is the theories of motor learning (Schidts )

A
  • invariant feature

- surface features

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99
Q

what is form last menstral period

A

this is started the first day of the last menstral period
40 weeks or 280 days
gestational age

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100
Q

what is the definitions of Freud stage – Latency

A

Not really a stage, latency is an interlude. Sexual needs are quiet; psychic energy flows into sports, schoolwork, and friendship

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101
Q

what is Concrete Operations

A
  • More logical than preschoolers
  • Do well on problems that involve thinking about concrete objects but not abstract or hypothetical concepts
  • ———-Can mentally categorize or mentally add and subtract objects
  • Develop conservation
  • Egocentrism disappearance
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102
Q

what is serial

A

discrete actions linked together

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103
Q

what are the 3 periods in prenatal

A

Germinal period
Embryonic period
Fetal period

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104
Q

what is nonassociative learning (Nondeclarative)

A

habituation : suppression of a response to a nonnoxious stimulus

  • vestibular dysfunction, tactile dysfunction

Sensitization: increased response to potentially injurious stimulis (prevent falling)

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105
Q

what are some problems that are caused by alcohol

A

fetal alcohol syndrome, ID

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106
Q

what is the ectoderm of the embryonic period

A

outside layer

Hair, skin, nervous system

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107
Q

what is the age span of early childhood

A

2 to 6 year old

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108
Q

what is the definitions of Freud stage – Oral

A

The lips, tongue, and gums are the focus of pleasurable sensations in the baby’s body, and sucking and feeding are the most stimulating activities

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109
Q

what is Bronfenbrenner ecological model

A
  • macrosystme
  • exosystem
  • mesosystem
  • microsystem
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110
Q

what is cognitive adaptation

A

the process fo adjusting to the demands fo environment

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111
Q

what are some limitations of the motor program theory

A
  • storage– where do we have the room

- novelty – to make a new program

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112
Q

how does the birthing process start

A

the Fetal brain signals the release of hormones to trigger the female’s uterine muscles

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113
Q

what is ecological plasticity

A

enriched environments

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114
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Plantar Grasp

A

Apply firm pressure to the plantar surface of the child’s foot

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2
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115
Q

what are the 3 quality of skill proficiency

A
  • maximum certainty
  • minimum energy expenditure
  • minimum movment time
116
Q

what are the ages of the Freud stage– latency

A

6-11 years

117
Q

what is epigenetics

A

Study of how environmental factors affect genes and genetic expression

118
Q

what is associative learning (Nondeclarative)

A
  • classical conditioning

- operant conditioning

119
Q

what is continuous

A

no distinct beginning and end

120
Q

what is the age of viability

A

22 weeks after conception (CNS is active and the respiratory system is sufficient so they can live outside the mother

  • 23wk there is 25% survival rate
  • 24wk there is 55% survival rate
121
Q

what trimester is fetal period in

A

part of the 1st and ALL of the 2nd and the 3rd

122
Q

what is minimmy energy expenditure

A

usain bolt the runner he can do a 100 m sprint using minimym energy while we would be exhausted

123
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Suck-Swallow Reflex

A

Place a finger into the infant’s mouth

124
Q

what is breech perinatal hazards

A

Risk of anoxia if undetected, brachial plexus injury

this is when the hips are coming first

125
Q

what are the ages of the Freud stage–genitals

A

12 years and older

126
Q

what happens during stage 2 of labor

A

(15-20 minutes to an hour)
Fetus’s head passes through cervix to vagina
Baby emerges from the mother’s body

127
Q

what is affordance

A

possibility of an action on an object or environment

128
Q

what are cognitive theory - Piaget Periods

A

sensorimtor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational

129
Q

what is scientific observation

A

.•Requires the researcher to record behavior systematically and objectively
• May be done in a naturalistic setting such as a home, school, or other public place
• May be done in a laboratory
• No intervene, may create a scenario
• Provides questions to explore, not proof

130
Q

what is the position of the Suck-Swallow Reflex

A

Infant supine with the head in midline

131
Q

what are the 5 Freud stages

A 
oral
anal 
phallic 
latency 
genital
132
Q

what are the types of operant conditioning

A

`-reinforcement

-punishment

133
Q

what is punishment

A

decreases the strength of the behavior

134
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Spontaneous Stepping

A

Feet touching a hard surface. Incline the infant and gently move the infant forward

135
Q

what are some problems that are caused by disease

A

Rubella, diabetes, syphilis
R and S will cause vision or ID
Diabetes will cause preterm or large baby

136
Q

what are the ages of the Erikson stage– - generativity vs stagnation

A

40-65 years

137
Q

what is full term

A

this is 2 week before birth due day to 1 week after due date

138
Q

what is the proliferation

A

10-20 wks after conception

-growth

139
Q

what is generalized transfer

A

fundamental movements patterns

140
Q

what is the embryonic period

A

occurs form 3rd to 8th week after conception

141
Q

what is the outcome of the Neonatal Positive Support (LE) Reflex

A

will see cocontraction in the LE they can not support their body weight

142
Q

what is egocentrism

A

Perception of the world in relation to oneself only

143
Q

what is the age span of infancy

A

0-2 years old

144
Q

what is the age effect in maternal side

A
  • too young and too old can cause mischarages
145
Q

what is the invariant features of theories of motor learning (Schidts )

A

Relative timing

146
Q

what is bioscoial

A
  • Growth and change that occur in a person’s body
  • Physical or biological
  • Height, weight, motor skill
147
Q

what is ethnic group

A

Shared culture, language, religion; nurture

group of people

148
Q

what is the outcome of the Galant Reflex

A

the baby will have a pelvic tilts on the side of the stim

149
Q

what is the outcome of the Neonatal Neck Righting (NOB) [Mature]

A

they will do some thingBUT they will turn their head then turnk then the legs
- very sentimental

150
Q

what is the age span of late adulthood

A

65 and older

151
Q

how is development multicontextual

A
  • historical context
  • socioeconomic status
  • ecological systems
152
Q

what is the part to whoel practice

A
  • Selected serial tasks that can be divided into meaningful units
  • Very complex tasks where the most difficult part is practiced
  • Spend more time on whole practice if part to part interaction is large
  • Chaining
153
Q

what is the learning theroy

A
  • describing how behavior is learned
154
Q

what is the structuring the environment

A
  • close vs. open
  • affordance
  • ecological plasticity
155
Q

what are some problems that are caused by radiation

A

x-ray, cancer treatment (also the mirco waves are not good)

156
Q

what is the definitions of Freud stage – Genital

A

The genitals are the focus of pleasurable sensations, and the young person seeks sexual stimulation and satisfaction in heterosexual relationships.

157
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Neonatal Neck Righting (NOB) [Immature]

A

Turn the infant’s head to one side

158
Q

What are some feedback

A
  • types (intrinsic, extrinsic, knowledge of preformance, good/poor)
  • frequency (50% versus 100%, and fading )
  • timing (terminal versus concurrent )
159
Q

what is the sensorimotor stage

A
  • Deal with the world directly through their perceptions and actions
  • Unable to use symbols to help solve problems mentally
  • Infants learn that objects still exist when out of sight
160
Q

What is the definitions of Erikson stages– - -trust vs mistrust

A

Babies either trust that others will satisfy their basic needs, including nourishment, warmth, cleanliness, and physical contact, or develop mistrust about the care of others

161
Q

what is practice

A
  • instructions
  • augments therapeutic interventions
  • mental practice
  • *** Look at the slie 25
162
Q

what is the negative reinforcement

A

removing undesirable stimulus

163
Q

what is the endoderm of the embryonic period

A

inner layer

Digestive system and lungs

164
Q

what is the novice stage of system models of motor learning (bernstein)

A

reduce degrees of freedom

165
Q

what is the average duration for first born

A

9-14 hours

166
Q

what are the ages of the Erikson stage– -initiavte vs guilt

167
Q

what are the ages of the Freud stage– phallic

168
Q

what are the type of Nondeclarative learning types

A
  • procedural learning
  • nonassociative learning
  • associative learning
169
Q

what is experiment

A
  • To determine the cause-and-effect relationship between two variables
  • Independent variable (IV) vs. Dependent variable (DV)
  • Control vs. Experimental group
  • Feasibility & generalizatio
170
Q

what is correlation method

A
  • Determine whether two or more variables are related in a systematic way
  • No random assignment or manipulation of IV •Calculate correlation coefficient
  • Index of the strength of the relationship between two variables of interest
  • Cannot establish a causal relationship between one variable and another
171
Q

what are some perinatal hazards

A
  • anoxia
  • breech presentation
  • cesarean section
  • complicated delivery
  • medication for pain
172
Q

what is spina bifieda

A

1 in 2000 will get this as the nueral plate int closed all the way

173
Q

what is procedural learning (Nondeclarative)

A

develops through repetition of an action

174
Q

what happens in the fetal period of the final trimester

A
  • Provides time for extensive growth and folding in cortex
  • Involves expansion and contraction of lungs
  • Includes final maturation of heart valves, arteries, and veins
  • Average 7.5 lbs at birth, grows 4.5 lbs in the last 3 months
175
Q

what is the negative punishment

A

removing desirable stimulus

176
Q

what is the surface features of theories of motor learning (Schidts )

A

Speed
Amplitude
Effectors

177
Q

what is the position of the Spontaneous Stepping

A

Supported in the vertical position

178
Q

what is age effects

A

Relationship between age and development

179
Q

what are some problems that are caused by thalidomide

A

deformities

180
Q

what are the different patterns of developmental growth

A
  • no change (personality)
  • growth and decline ( memory & height )
  • linear growth (knowledge)
  • Growth in stages (crawling to walking )
181
Q

what is the position of the Moro Reflex

A

Supine with head in midline, support the head, pulling to halfway between supine and sitting

182
Q

what is the position of the Flexor Withdrawal

A

Supine, head in midline, LEs extended

183
Q

what is the position of the Proprioceptive Placing (UE)

A

Support the infant in vertical

184
Q

what is the age span of emerging adulthood

A

18 to 25 years old

185
Q

what doe the effects of parents have on prenatual

A

maternal effects

paternal effects

186
Q

what is the age span of adolescence

A

11 to 18 years old

187
Q

what is piagets congitive theory (6 steps)

A

1 Children are active and motivated learners
2 Children construct knowledge from their
experiences, rather than absorb
scheme, or groupings of similar actions or
thoughts
3 Children learn through two processes: assimilation and accommodation
4 Physical and social interactions with the environments is essential for cognitive development
5 Equilibration promote progression towards complex thought
6 Children think differently at different ages

188
Q

what happens during stage 3 of labor

A

(minutes after birth)

Placenta is expelled

189
Q

waht are the effect of pathernal side

A
  • age

- exposure to toxins

190
Q

what are the Erikson stages

A
  • trust vs mistrust
  • autonomy vs shame and doubt
  • initiavte vs guilt
  • industry vs inferiority
  • identity vs role confusion
  • intimacy vs isolation
  • generativity vs stagnation
  • intergruity vs despair
191
Q

what is the reflex theory limitations

A
  • Fast movement: typing
  • Different responses to the same stimulus or inhibit the reflex
  • Spontaneous and voluntary movement without sensory stimulus
192
Q

what is the synaptogeneisis

A

20wk to puberty after conception

  • synaptic plasticity
  • connection btwn neurons
  • strength of the connection will be increased or decreased depending on there use and will either stay or die off
193
Q

What is the definitions of Erikson stages– -autonomy vs shame and doubt

A

Children either become self-sufficient in many activities, including toileting, feeding, walking, exploring, and talking, or doubt their own abilities

194
Q

what is the position of the Crossed Extension

A

Supine, head in midline, LEs extended

195
Q

what are basic research strategies

A
  • Observation
  • Experiment
  • Survey
  • Correlational Method
196
Q

what is nurture

A

Environmental influences that affect the individual after conception

197
Q

how do you test and asses the reflees

A
  • test both side when it applies
  • score as Present, Absent, Or asymmentry
  • Normal or abnormal depending on age
198
Q

what is the age span of adulthood

A

25 to 65 years old

199
Q

what is Degrees of freedom ( DOF)

A

All of the independent components of a control system and the number of ways each component can function during the execution of movement

200
Q

what is max certainty

A

making 100% of free throws

201
Q

what is the years for sensorimotor

A

Birth to 2 years

202
Q

what is the mesosystem of the Bronfenbrenner ecological model

A

interaction of systems

***** this is NOT a main Layer

203
Q

what are the motor control theories are there

A
  • reflex theroy
  • hierarchical theroy
  • systme therory
  • motor program theory
204
Q

what is the myelination

A

24wk gestational age to 10 years old

205
Q

what is the outcome of the Suck-Swallow Reflex

A

once they feel the pressure on the roof of the mouth they will suck then when their mouth is full they will swallow

206
Q

what is the position of the rooting reflex

A

Place child supine with head in midline

207
Q

what is the years of Formal operational

A

12 years through adulthood

208
Q

what is cross sectional study

A

comparing groups of people of one age group w/ people of another age different cohorts

209
Q

what is the fetal period

A

this 9th week after conception until birth

210
Q

what is critical period

A

Must occur to ensure normal development or the only time abnormality might occur

(limb growth during embryo grow)

211
Q

what is the advanced stage of system models of motor learning (bernstein)

A

released degrees of freedom

212
Q

What is the definitions of Erikson stages– - generativity vs stagnation

A

Middle-aged adults contribute to future generations through work, creative activities, and parenthood or they stagnate.

213
Q

what are some problems that are caused by tobacco

A

LBW, preterm birth, asthma and development delay

214
Q

what is the prenatal growth of the brain

A

it will grow proximal to distal (hind to forebrian)

215
Q

what is the positive punishment

A

adding undesirable stimulus

216
Q

what is the nutritional conditions in maternal side

A
  • malnutrition – low neurons, smaller insides

- maternal obesity

217
Q

what is the classification of tasks

A
  • discrete
  • serial
  • continuous
218
Q

what is the years of Concrete operational

A

6–11 years

219
Q

what is reinforcement

A

increased the strength of the behavior

220
Q

what is an example of classical conditioning

A

the little albert experiment

221
Q

what is the position of the Proprioceptive Placing (LE)

A

Supported in a vertical position

222
Q

what are the ages of the Freud stage– Oral

A

birth to 1 year

223
Q

what are the steps of cognitive adaptation

A

1 New experience does not fit into old ideas
2 Conflict/disequilibrium
3 Adaptation
4 New equilibrium (understanding advanced)

224
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Neonatal Body Righting (BOB)

A

Flex one limb over the chest and rotate the limb across the body

225
Q

what is the outcome of the Spontaneous Stepping

A

they think they are going to fall so they take a step forward

full term they will do heel to toe
preterm - flat foot or just the toes

226
Q

what is formal operations

A
  • Able to think abstractly and hypothetically
  • Plan how to systematically test their ideas experimentally
  • Can formulate hypotheses or predictions in their heads
  • Imagine the results of their experiments
  • Ethics, politics, social and moral issues
227
Q

how has birth location changed over the years

A

1930- home

Now- hospital

228
Q

what is bernstein

A

whole body is a mechanical system

movement is produced from the interaction of multiple systems

229
Q

What is the definitions of Erikson stages– - intimacy vs isolation

A

Young adults seek companionship and love or become isolated from others, fearing rejection.

230
Q

what is the germinal period

A

conception to implantation that last 2 weeks

  • rapid cell division
  • beginning of cell differentiation
  • half of zygotes do not survivie this period
  • start of the 1st trimester
231
Q

what are the types of learning

A
  • nondeclarative (implicit)

- declarative (explicit)

232
Q

what is the issue for medication for pain relief during birth

A

Large dose: Infants are drugged as well

Epidural: lengthen labor, need instrumental assist

233
Q

what is the outcome of the rooting reflex

A

the baby will turn head to the side of the touch

234
Q

what is the outcome of the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex

A

baby can do w/o or w/ head turning

They will
extend the arm and leg the face is pointing and flex the arm and leg the face is not pointing

235
Q

what is operant conditioning

A

behavior becomes more or less probable depending on the consequences it produces

236
Q

What is the systems theory

A
  • bernstein
  • degrees of freedom (DOF)
  • Synergy
237
Q

what are some traits of cross sectional study

A

•Age effects

Cohort effects

238
Q

what is the age span of middle childhood

A

6 to 11 years old

239
Q

what is the position of the Plantar Grasp

A

Child supine, head in midline, legs relaxed

240
Q

what is a preschool period

A

early childhood ( 2-6 years old)

241
Q

what is the outcome of the Proprioceptive Placing (LE)

A

they will pick up their leg on the supportive surface

242
Q

what is the stages of the motor learning (Fitts’)

A
  • cognitive
  • associative
  • autonomous
243
Q

what is the motor program theory

A
  • patterned motor responses

- central patterns generator

244
Q

What are the theories of human development

A
  • Psychoanalytic theory
  • Learning theory
  • Cognitive theory
  • Evolutionary theory
  • Sociocultural theory
245
Q

what are some common teratogens

A
  • thalidomide
  • tobacco
  • radiation
  • disease
  • alcohol
246
Q

what are some maternal effects

A
  • age
  • emotional conditions
  • nutritioanl conditions
247
Q

what is psychoanalytic theory -Erikson

A
  • Eight developmental stages
  • family and culture not sexual urges
  • interaction of biological and social influences
  • emphasis on rational and adaptive nature
248
Q

what is the nondeclarative learning type

A
  • Learning without a conscious awareness of what has been learned
  • Skilled movements and habits
249
Q

What is Sociocultural Theory - Vygotsky

A
  • Culture is integral to a person’s development
  • Thought that human development results from the dynamic interaction between developing persons and their surrounding society
  • Zone of proximal development
250
Q

what growth takes place in the fetal period

A

Cephalocaudal and proximodistal growth
Sex organ may be visible via ultrasound
Heartbeat detectable via stethoscope
Quickening: typically 18-20 weeks (cal feel that baby)

251
Q

What is the Associative stages of the motor learning (Fitts’)

A

Motor

Organize more effective movement patterns

252
Q

What is the definitions of Erikson stages– -industry vs inferiority

A

Children busily practice and then master new skills or feel inferior, unable to do anything well.

253
Q

what is the migration

A

12-24wk after conception

-starts to move in the brian

254
Q

what is longitudinal study

A

collecting data repeatedly on the same person as they age

255
Q

what controls the primitive reflexes

A

brain stem

spinal cord

256
Q

what is the position of the Neonatal Neck Righting (NOB) [Mature]

A

infant in supine, head in midline

257
Q

what are the different learning style for the learning theory

A
  • classical conditioning
  • operant conditioning
  • social learning
258
Q

what is transfer of practice

A
  • new environment or new task
  • specific transfer
  • generalized transfers
259
Q

what is accommodation

A

Old ideas are restructured to include new experiences

260
Q

what is the positive reinforcement

A

dding desirable stimulus

261
Q

what are the ages of the Freud stage– anal

262
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Proprioceptive Placing (UE)

A

Move the infant so the dorsum of one hand rubs against a surface

263
Q

what is happening in the embryonic period

A

organogeneisis

  • ectoderm
  • mesoderm
  • endoderm
264
Q

what is preterm

A

if the baby come before 2 weeks of due date

265
Q

what is the Autonomous stages of the motor learning (Fitts’)

A

Produce the action almost automatically with little or no attention
Accurate, consistent, efficient

266
Q

what is the differentiation

A

will decide what function the brian will contorl

267
Q

what is the exosystem of the Bronfenbrenner ecological model

A

networks or settings that individuals do not interact directly

268
Q

what are the ages of the Erikson stage– - identity vs role confusion

A

12-20 years

269
Q

what is the definitions of Freud stage – Phallic

A

phallus, or penis, is the most important body part, and pleasure is derived from genital stimulation. Boys are proud of their penises; girls wonder why they don’t have them.

270
Q

how is development multidisciplinary

A
  • biosocial
  • cognitive
  • psycho social
271
Q

what is the expert stage of system models of motor learning (bernstein)

A

exploit passive dynamics

272
Q

what age is a toddler

A

1-3 years old

273
Q

what is ecological systmes

A

Bronfenbrenner model LOOK at slide 7

274
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex

A

Should not be obligatory

275
Q

what are the ages of the Erikson stage– -industry vs

A

6-11 years

276
Q

what are the consequences with social learning

A
  • no consequences
  • praised
  • punished
277
Q

what are the develpment research designs

A

cross sectional
longitudinal
cross sequential

278
Q

correlation method charts

A

look at slide 15

279
Q

What is the definitions of Erikson stages– - identity vs role confusion

A

Adolescents ask themselves “Who am I?” They establish sexual, political, religious, and vocational identities or are confused about their roles.

280
Q

what is the Hierarchical theory

A
  • Higher lever control lower level
  • Reflexes present when higher centers are damaged
  • Enhancing or reducing the effect of reflexes
281
Q

what is the is done to baby for the rooting reflex

A

Gently stroke the infant from the lips to the cheek

282
Q

What is the definitions of Erikson stages– - intergruity vs despair

A

Older adults try to make sense of their lives, either seeing life as a meaningful whole or despairing at goals never reached.

283
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Neonatal Positive Support (LE) Reflex

A

Allow the feet to make firm contact with the floor or table

284
Q

what is the outcome of the Traction Reflex

A

they will try to pull your arm back in so they dont feel like they are falling

285
Q

what is discrete

A

distinct beginning and end

286
Q

what are traits of longitudinal design

A
  • One cohort of individuals is assessed repeatedly over time
  • Provides information about age changes rather than age differences
  • Can indicate whether the characteristics and behaviors measured remain consistent over
287
Q

what are the types of feedback are there

A

intrinsic

extrinsic

2 growth and development (5 decks)

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