Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2 growth and development > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the scientific method

A
  1. Begin with curiosity and pose a question
  2. Develop a hypothesis
  3. Test the hypothesis
  4. Draw conclusions
  5. Report the results
  6. Replication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two ways to determine due date

A

from conception

or form last menstrual period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when will the mom know she is prego

A

this takes about 2 weeks as it take a week for the egg/ sperm to move down the tube and another week to implant the zygot as this is where the hormones start to take affect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the ages of the Erikson stage– - intergruity vs despair

A

65 and older

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the reflex theory application

A

testing reflexes to predict function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the microsystem of the Bronfenbrenner ecological model

A

immediate, direct influences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the outcome of the Neonatal Body Righting (BOB)

A

moving 1 limb and the whole body will move with the limb ( rolling) This helps the baby move

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the position of the Neonatal Body Righting (BOB)

A

Supine, head in midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Proprioceptive Placing (LE)

A

Lift the infant so that the dorsum of the foot presses against the edge of the table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the key object of Concrete Operations

A

conservation and thinking locally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the key object of the sensorimotor stage

A

object permanence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are surveys

A
  • Involves collection of information from a large number of people
  • Presents challenges in acquiring valid information
  • Produces answers that are influenced by the wording and the sequence of the survey questions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the outcome of the Flexor Withdrawal

A

they will flex the leg to get away form noxious stim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is socioeconomic status

A

determined by income, wealth, occupation, education, and place of residence • Housing, health, nutrition, knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how much of nature and nurture effect a person

A

nature - 35 %

nurture -65%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the years of Preoperational

A

2–6 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is differential susceptibility

A

sensitivity to any particular experiences differs from 1 person to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Crossed Extension

A

Holding one leg in extension at the knee, apply firm pressure to the sole of this leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what happens during stage 1 of labor

A

(12-24 hours before birth)
Contractions occur
Cervix enlarges to ~4 inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the mesoderm of the embryonic period

A

middle layer

Muscles, bones, circulatory systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is anoxia perinatal hazards

A

Pinched umbilical cord, sedatives given

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are some facts of teratogens

A

1 The effect of the teratogen depends upon the genotype of the organism

2 The impact of teratogens changes over the course of prenatal development: critical period

3 Each teratogen affects a specific aspect of prenatal development

4 The impact of teratogens depends on the dosage

5 Damage from teratogens is not always evident at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are some cons to longitudinal design

A

Time consuming and costly, drop out, repeated testing, time-of-measurement effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is post term

A

if the baby come after 1 week of due date

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are some pros of cross sectional study

A

quicker and easier than longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is zone of proximal development

A

Skills, knowledge, and concepts that learner is close to acquiring but cannot master without help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what or who give support during childbirth

A

Spouse, partner, mother, sister

Doula, midwives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is nature

A

Traits, capacities, and limitations that each individual inherits genetically from parent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Galant Reflex

A

gently stimulate along the paravertebral area from the C7 area to the buttocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are the ages of the Erikson stage– -trust vs mistrust

A

birth to 1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is synergy

A

this is a way to come up with this to help solve DOF

-NEED to look at this more !!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is the theories of motor learning (adams )

A

adams closed loop theory

  • –use feedback to modify motor output
  • –memory trace
  • –limitations (novel movement, open loop movements)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is assimilation

A

New experiences are reinterpreted to fit into old ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

how many and how long are the trimesters of pregnancy

A

there are 3 and they last about 3 month each

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is classical conditioning

A

associate a meaningful stimulus to a naturally occurring stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Moro Reflex

A

Allow the neck to drop, stretching neck muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is the definitions of Freud stage – Anal

A

The anus is the focus of pleasurable sensations in the baby’s body, and toilet training is the most important activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what is the CNS development stages

A 
proliferation 
migration 
differentiation 
synaptogeneisis 
myelination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

how is development multicultural

A
  • culture
  • ethnic group
  • race
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what is race

A

Physical appearance; nature, flawed, destructive concepts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what is the position of the Traction Reflex

A

Supine with the arms and head in midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what is the cognitive stages of the motor learning (Fitts’

A

Verbal
Get a general idea of the movement

Stiff, inconsistent, slow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what is the outcome of the Moro Reflex

A

the arms with abduction, elbow ext. and wrist ext and finger ext.
THEN they will addcution to grab a hold of someone as they think they are falling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what is the minimum movement time

A

person with the highest proficiency can complete the tasks in the shortest amount of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what is the position of the Neonatal Neck Righting (NOB) [Immature]

A

Infant in supine, head in midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

comparison of experimental and correlation method chart

A

look at slide 17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

what is the reflex theory

A

Complex behavior occurs through combined action of individual reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

what is intrinsic feedback

A

Proprioceptive
Exteroceptive
Concurrent feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

what is the historical contexxt

A

• Cohort: a group defined by its members’ shared age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what shoudl a prospective mother do to get ready for a baby

A

Plan the pregnancy
Take a daily multivitamin with folic acid
Avoid binge drinking
Update immunizations against teratogenic viruses
Gain or lose weight, as appropriate
Reassess use of prescription drugs
Develop daily exercise habits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Flexor Withdrawal

A

Apply a noxious stimulus to the sole of the foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What is the definitions of Erikson stages– -initiavte vs guilt

A

Children either try to undertake many adultlike activities or internalize the limits and prohibitions set by parents. They feel either adventurous or guilty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

what is the closed loop control

A
  • slow movement

- feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

what are the ages of the Erikson stage– -autonomy vs shame and doubt

A

1-3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

what is the neural tube

A

this is the beginning of brain formation

  • starts at 3-4 weeks
  • neural plate folds up to gorm the neura tube
  • spina biida
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

what is Freud psychoanalytic theory

A
  • irrational, unconscious drives and motives, often originating in childhood, underlie human behavior
  • 5 stages n
  • early conflict resolution determines personality patterns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

what is extrinsic feedback

A

Provided by outside source
Knowledge of results
Knowledge of performance
Concurrent and terminal feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

what is the from conception time periods

A

38 weeks or 266 days and is the lenght of the pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

what is the key object of formal operations

A

abstract thinking and hypothetical concepts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

what is the order of the brain in the hierarchical theory

A
  • cortex
  • midbrain
  • brain stem
  • spinal cord

** works from the top down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

what is social learning

A

this is where you oberve things that happen and will act that out and they learn by consequenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

what is operant conditioning

A

behavior becomes more or less probable depending on the consequences it produces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

what is the key object of the Preoperational Stage

A

fail to demonstrate conservation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

what is psycho social

A

• Emotions, temperament, social skills
• Family, friends, community, culture, society
(look at the chart on slide 7 as it would fit here
( an interaction with the environment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

what is the declarative learning type

A
  • Results in knowledge that can be consciously recalled and thus requires processes such as awareness, attention, and reflection
  • Facts, events
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

what is fail to demonstrate

A

Conservation: the properties of an object do not change when its appearance is altered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

what are parts of specific transfers

A

task - specific

feasibility : simulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

how is develpment multidirectional

A

Over time, human characteristics change in every direction
• Continuous versus discontinuous
• Gradual and quantitative versus abrupt and
qualitative
• Timing of losses and gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

what are teratogens

A

any disease, drug or other environmental agent that can harm a developing fetus
-Drugs, virus, chemicals, pollutants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

what are some cons of cross sectional study

A

age and cohort effects are confounded, no information on changes with age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

what is the position of the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex

A

Supine, gently turn the infant’s head to one side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

what is cross sequential study

A

Sequential, cohort-sequential, time-sequential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

what is the macrosystem of the Bronfenbrenner ecological model

A

cultural patterns, political philosophies, economic policies and social conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Traction Reflex

A

Grasp the child’s wrists and pull up to sitting placing a stretch on the shoulder adductors and arm flexors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

what is the Preoperational Stage

A
  • Developed the capacity for symbolic thought
  • Use symbols: language, pretend play
  • Egocentrism
  • fail to demonstrate conservation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

how long do the egg and sprem last

A

that is about 3 to 4 days on there own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

what is culture

A

A system of shared beliefs, norms, behaviors, and expectations that persist over time and prescribe social behavior and assumptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

what is the outcome of the Proprioceptive Placing (UE)

A

they will lift arm up to surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

what is cognitive

A
  • Mental processes

* Perception, imagination, judgment, memory, languag

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

what is sensitive period

A

a window of time during which an individual is more affected by experience, particular development occurs more easily, BUT you can still learn or do it

(language learning )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

what is the age span of prenatal period

A

conception to birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

what are the system models of motor learning (bernstein)

A
  • novice stage
  • advanced stage
  • expert stages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

wht is the emotional conditions in maternal side

A

= prolonged and severe emotional stress and anxiety during pregnancy
—-could have fast hr or low birth weight , preterm, birth complication,more irritable, prone to crying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

what is the evolutionary theory

A
  • Evolution interaction between genes and environment
  • Two long-standing biologically based drives: survival and reproduction
  • Selective adaptation
  • Suggests genetic variations are particularly beneficial when the environment changes and benefits humanity as a whole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Neonatal Neck Righting (NOB) [Mature]

A

Turn the infant’s head to one side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

what is cohort effects

A

Effects of being born as a member of a particular generation in a particular historical contex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

what is the outcome of the Crossed Extension

A

they will apply a firm pressure on the bottom of hte foot and it will cause the other leg to

  • flex up
  • adduciton
  • then extend
    • mimics walking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

what is the outcome of the Plantar Grasp

A

toes will graps the object that is applying pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

what is the position of the Neonatal Positive Support (LE) Reflex

A

Support the infant in a vertical position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

what is the organizing practice

A
  • constant vs variable
  • blocked vs. random
  • massed vs. distributed
  • part vs. whole
  • **** LOOK at the slide for this 23
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

what is the position of the Galant Reflex

A

Prone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

what is a theory

A

is a set of concepts and propositions intended to describe and explain certain phenomena

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

what are the stages of labor

A

stage 1
stage 2
stage 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

what is the open loop control

A
  • fast movement
  • feedforward
  • error detection -correction occurs after the movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

what are the ages of the Erikson stage– - intimacy vs isolation

A

20-40 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

what is the outcome of the Neonatal Neck Righting (NOB) [Immature]

A

babies head to 1 side and then turnk will move in a log roll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

what are the 2 procress of adaptation

A
  • assimilation

- accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

what is the theories of motor learning (Schidts )

A
  • invariant feature

- surface features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

what is form last menstral period

A

this is started the first day of the last menstral period
40 weeks or 280 days
gestational age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

what is the definitions of Freud stage – Latency

A

Not really a stage, latency is an interlude. Sexual needs are quiet; psychic energy flows into sports, schoolwork, and friendship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

what is Concrete Operations

A
  • More logical than preschoolers
  • Do well on problems that involve thinking about concrete objects but not abstract or hypothetical concepts
  • ———-Can mentally categorize or mentally add and subtract objects
  • Develop conservation
  • Egocentrism disappearance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

what is serial

A

discrete actions linked together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

what are the 3 periods in prenatal

A

Germinal period
Embryonic period
Fetal period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

what is nonassociative learning (Nondeclarative)

A

habituation : suppression of a response to a nonnoxious stimulus

  • vestibular dysfunction, tactile dysfunction

Sensitization: increased response to potentially injurious stimulis (prevent falling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

what are some problems that are caused by alcohol

A

fetal alcohol syndrome, ID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

what is the ectoderm of the embryonic period

A

outside layer

Hair, skin, nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

what is the age span of early childhood

A

2 to 6 year old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

what is the definitions of Freud stage – Oral

A

The lips, tongue, and gums are the focus of pleasurable sensations in the baby’s body, and sucking and feeding are the most stimulating activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

what is Bronfenbrenner ecological model

A
  • macrosystme
  • exosystem
  • mesosystem
  • microsystem
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
110
Q

what is cognitive adaptation

A

the process fo adjusting to the demands fo environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
111
Q

what are some limitations of the motor program theory

A
  • storage– where do we have the room

- novelty – to make a new program

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
112
Q

how does the birthing process start

A

the Fetal brain signals the release of hormones to trigger the female’s uterine muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
113
Q

what is ecological plasticity

A

enriched environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
114
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Plantar Grasp

A

Apply firm pressure to the plantar surface of the child’s foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
115
Q

what are the 3 quality of skill proficiency

A
  • maximum certainty
  • minimum energy expenditure
  • minimum movment time
116
Q

what are the ages of the Freud stage– latency

A

6-11 years

117
Q

what is epigenetics

A

Study of how environmental factors affect genes and genetic expression

118
Q

what is associative learning (Nondeclarative)

A
  • classical conditioning

- operant conditioning

119
Q

what is continuous

A

no distinct beginning and end

120
Q

what is the age of viability

A

22 weeks after conception (CNS is active and the respiratory system is sufficient so they can live outside the mother

  • 23wk there is 25% survival rate
  • 24wk there is 55% survival rate
121
Q

what trimester is fetal period in

A

part of the 1st and ALL of the 2nd and the 3rd

122
Q

what is minimmy energy expenditure

A

usain bolt the runner he can do a 100 m sprint using minimym energy while we would be exhausted

123
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Suck-Swallow Reflex

A

Place a finger into the infant’s mouth

124
Q

what is breech perinatal hazards

A

Risk of anoxia if undetected, brachial plexus injury

this is when the hips are coming first

125
Q

what are the ages of the Freud stage–genitals

A

12 years and older

126
Q

what happens during stage 2 of labor

A

(15-20 minutes to an hour)
Fetus’s head passes through cervix to vagina
Baby emerges from the mother’s body

127
Q

what is affordance

A

possibility of an action on an object or environment

128
Q

what are cognitive theory - Piaget Periods

A

sensorimtor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational

129
Q

what is scientific observation

A

.•Requires the researcher to record behavior systematically and objectively
• May be done in a naturalistic setting such as a home, school, or other public place
• May be done in a laboratory
• No intervene, may create a scenario
• Provides questions to explore, not proof

130
Q

what is the position of the Suck-Swallow Reflex

A

Infant supine with the head in midline

131
Q

what are the 5 Freud stages

A 
oral
anal 
phallic 
latency 
genital
132
Q

what are the types of operant conditioning

A

`-reinforcement

-punishment

133
Q

what is punishment

A

decreases the strength of the behavior

134
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Spontaneous Stepping

A

Feet touching a hard surface. Incline the infant and gently move the infant forward

135
Q

what are some problems that are caused by disease

A

Rubella, diabetes, syphilis
R and S will cause vision or ID
Diabetes will cause preterm or large baby

136
Q

what are the ages of the Erikson stage– - generativity vs stagnation

A

40-65 years

137
Q

what is full term

A

this is 2 week before birth due day to 1 week after due date

138
Q

what is the proliferation

A

10-20 wks after conception

-growth

139
Q

what is generalized transfer

A

fundamental movements patterns

140
Q

what is the embryonic period

A

occurs form 3rd to 8th week after conception

141
Q

what is the outcome of the Neonatal Positive Support (LE) Reflex

A

will see cocontraction in the LE they can not support their body weight

142
Q

what is egocentrism

A

Perception of the world in relation to oneself only

143
Q

what is the age span of infancy

A

0-2 years old

144
Q

what is the age effect in maternal side

A
  • too young and too old can cause mischarages
145
Q

what is the invariant features of theories of motor learning (Schidts )

A

Relative timing

146
Q

what is bioscoial

A
  • Growth and change that occur in a person’s body
  • Physical or biological
  • Height, weight, motor skill
147
Q

what is ethnic group

A

Shared culture, language, religion; nurture

group of people

148
Q

what is the outcome of the Galant Reflex

A

the baby will have a pelvic tilts on the side of the stim

149
Q

what is the outcome of the Neonatal Neck Righting (NOB) [Mature]

A

they will do some thingBUT they will turn their head then turnk then the legs
- very sentimental

150
Q

what is the age span of late adulthood

A

65 and older

151
Q

how is development multicontextual

A
  • historical context
  • socioeconomic status
  • ecological systems
152
Q

what is the part to whoel practice

A
  • Selected serial tasks that can be divided into meaningful units
  • Very complex tasks where the most difficult part is practiced
  • Spend more time on whole practice if part to part interaction is large
  • Chaining
153
Q

what is the learning theroy

A
  • describing how behavior is learned
154
Q

what is the structuring the environment

A
  • close vs. open
  • affordance
  • ecological plasticity
155
Q

what are some problems that are caused by radiation

A

x-ray, cancer treatment (also the mirco waves are not good)

156
Q

what is the definitions of Freud stage – Genital

A

The genitals are the focus of pleasurable sensations, and the young person seeks sexual stimulation and satisfaction in heterosexual relationships.

157
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Neonatal Neck Righting (NOB) [Immature]

A

Turn the infant’s head to one side

158
Q

What are some feedback

A
  • types (intrinsic, extrinsic, knowledge of preformance, good/poor)
  • frequency (50% versus 100%, and fading )
  • timing (terminal versus concurrent )
159
Q

what is the sensorimotor stage

A
  • Deal with the world directly through their perceptions and actions
  • Unable to use symbols to help solve problems mentally
  • Infants learn that objects still exist when out of sight
160
Q

What is the definitions of Erikson stages– - -trust vs mistrust

A

Babies either trust that others will satisfy their basic needs, including nourishment, warmth, cleanliness, and physical contact, or develop mistrust about the care of others

161
Q

what is practice

A
  • instructions
  • augments therapeutic interventions
  • mental practice
  • *** Look at the slie 25
162
Q

what is the negative reinforcement

A

removing undesirable stimulus

163
Q

what is the endoderm of the embryonic period

A

inner layer

Digestive system and lungs

164
Q

what is the novice stage of system models of motor learning (bernstein)

A

reduce degrees of freedom

165
Q

what is the average duration for first born

A

9-14 hours

166
Q

what are the ages of the Erikson stage– -initiavte vs guilt

A

3-6 years

167
Q

what are the ages of the Freud stage– phallic

A

3-6 years

168
Q

what are the type of Nondeclarative learning types

A
  • procedural learning
  • nonassociative learning
  • associative learning
169
Q

what is experiment

A
  • To determine the cause-and-effect relationship between two variables
  • Independent variable (IV) vs. Dependent variable (DV)
  • Control vs. Experimental group
  • Feasibility & generalizatio
170
Q

what is correlation method

A
  • Determine whether two or more variables are related in a systematic way
  • No random assignment or manipulation of IV •Calculate correlation coefficient
  • Index of the strength of the relationship between two variables of interest
  • Cannot establish a causal relationship between one variable and another
171
Q

what are some perinatal hazards

A
  • anoxia
  • breech presentation
  • cesarean section
  • complicated delivery
  • medication for pain
172
Q

what is spina bifieda

A

1 in 2000 will get this as the nueral plate int closed all the way

173
Q

what is procedural learning (Nondeclarative)

A

develops through repetition of an action

174
Q

what happens in the fetal period of the final trimester

A
  • Provides time for extensive growth and folding in cortex
  • Involves expansion and contraction of lungs
  • Includes final maturation of heart valves, arteries, and veins
  • Average 7.5 lbs at birth, grows 4.5 lbs in the last 3 months
175
Q

what is the negative punishment

A

removing desirable stimulus

176
Q

what is the surface features of theories of motor learning (Schidts )

A

Speed
Amplitude
Effectors

177
Q

what is the position of the Spontaneous Stepping

A

Supported in the vertical position

178
Q

what is age effects

A

Relationship between age and development

179
Q

what are some problems that are caused by thalidomide

A

deformities

180
Q

what are the different patterns of developmental growth

A
  • no change (personality)
  • growth and decline ( memory & height )
  • linear growth (knowledge)
  • Growth in stages (crawling to walking )
181
Q

what is the position of the Moro Reflex

A

Supine with head in midline, support the head, pulling to halfway between supine and sitting

182
Q

what is the position of the Flexor Withdrawal

A

Supine, head in midline, LEs extended

183
Q

what is the position of the Proprioceptive Placing (UE)

A

Support the infant in vertical

184
Q

what is the age span of emerging adulthood

A

18 to 25 years old

185
Q

what doe the effects of parents have on prenatual

A

maternal effects

paternal effects

186
Q

what is the age span of adolescence

A

11 to 18 years old

187
Q

what is piagets congitive theory (6 steps)

A

1 Children are active and motivated learners
2 Children construct knowledge from their
experiences, rather than absorb
scheme, or groupings of similar actions or
thoughts
3 Children learn through two processes: assimilation and accommodation
4 Physical and social interactions with the environments is essential for cognitive development
5 Equilibration promote progression towards complex thought
6 Children think differently at different ages

188
Q

what happens during stage 3 of labor

A

(minutes after birth)

Placenta is expelled

189
Q

waht are the effect of pathernal side

A
  • age

- exposure to toxins

190
Q

what are the Erikson stages

A
  • trust vs mistrust
  • autonomy vs shame and doubt
  • initiavte vs guilt
  • industry vs inferiority
  • identity vs role confusion
  • intimacy vs isolation
  • generativity vs stagnation
  • intergruity vs despair
191
Q

what is the reflex theory limitations

A
  • Fast movement: typing
  • Different responses to the same stimulus or inhibit the reflex
  • Spontaneous and voluntary movement without sensory stimulus
192
Q

what is the synaptogeneisis

A

20wk to puberty after conception

  • synaptic plasticity
  • connection btwn neurons
  • strength of the connection will be increased or decreased depending on there use and will either stay or die off
193
Q

What is the definitions of Erikson stages– -autonomy vs shame and doubt

A

Children either become self-sufficient in many activities, including toileting, feeding, walking, exploring, and talking, or doubt their own abilities

194
Q

what is the position of the Crossed Extension

A

Supine, head in midline, LEs extended

195
Q

what are basic research strategies

A
  • Observation
  • Experiment
  • Survey
  • Correlational Method
196
Q

what is nurture

A

Environmental influences that affect the individual after conception

197
Q

how do you test and asses the reflees

A
  • test both side when it applies
  • score as Present, Absent, Or asymmentry
  • Normal or abnormal depending on age
198
Q

what is the age span of adulthood

A

25 to 65 years old

199
Q

what is Degrees of freedom ( DOF)

A

All of the independent components of a control system and the number of ways each component can function during the execution of movement

200
Q

what is max certainty

A

making 100% of free throws

201
Q

what is the years for sensorimotor

A

Birth to 2 years

202
Q

what is the mesosystem of the Bronfenbrenner ecological model

A

interaction of systems

***** this is NOT a main Layer

203
Q

what are the motor control theories are there

A
  • reflex theroy
  • hierarchical theroy
  • systme therory
  • motor program theory
204
Q

what is the myelination

A

24wk gestational age to 10 years old

205
Q

what is the outcome of the Suck-Swallow Reflex

A

once they feel the pressure on the roof of the mouth they will suck then when their mouth is full they will swallow

206
Q

what is the position of the rooting reflex

A

Place child supine with head in midline

207
Q

what is the years of Formal operational

A

12 years through adulthood

208
Q

what is cross sectional study

A

comparing groups of people of one age group w/ people of another age different cohorts

209
Q

what is the fetal period

A

this 9th week after conception until birth

210
Q

what is critical period

A

Must occur to ensure normal development or the only time abnormality might occur

(limb growth during embryo grow)

211
Q

what is the advanced stage of system models of motor learning (bernstein)

A

released degrees of freedom

212
Q

What is the definitions of Erikson stages– - generativity vs stagnation

A

Middle-aged adults contribute to future generations through work, creative activities, and parenthood or they stagnate.

213
Q

what are some problems that are caused by tobacco

A

LBW, preterm birth, asthma and development delay

214
Q

what is the prenatal growth of the brain

A

it will grow proximal to distal (hind to forebrian)

215
Q

what is the positive punishment

A

adding undesirable stimulus

216
Q

what is the nutritional conditions in maternal side

A
  • malnutrition – low neurons, smaller insides

- maternal obesity

217
Q

what is the classification of tasks

A
  • discrete
  • serial
  • continuous
218
Q

what is the years of Concrete operational

A

6–11 years

219
Q

what is reinforcement

A

increased the strength of the behavior

220
Q

what is an example of classical conditioning

A

the little albert experiment

221
Q

what is the position of the Proprioceptive Placing (LE)

A

Supported in a vertical position

222
Q

what are the ages of the Freud stage– Oral

A

birth to 1 year

223
Q

what are the steps of cognitive adaptation

A

1 New experience does not fit into old ideas
2 Conflict/disequilibrium
3 Adaptation
4 New equilibrium (understanding advanced)

224
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Neonatal Body Righting (BOB)

A

Flex one limb over the chest and rotate the limb across the body

225
Q

what is the outcome of the Spontaneous Stepping

A

they think they are going to fall so they take a step forward

full term they will do heel to toe
preterm - flat foot or just the toes

226
Q

what is formal operations

A
  • Able to think abstractly and hypothetically
  • Plan how to systematically test their ideas experimentally
  • Can formulate hypotheses or predictions in their heads
  • Imagine the results of their experiments
  • Ethics, politics, social and moral issues
227
Q

how has birth location changed over the years

A

1930- home

Now- hospital

228
Q

what is bernstein

A

whole body is a mechanical system

movement is produced from the interaction of multiple systems

229
Q

What is the definitions of Erikson stages– - intimacy vs isolation

A

Young adults seek companionship and love or become isolated from others, fearing rejection.

230
Q

what is the germinal period

A

conception to implantation that last 2 weeks

  • rapid cell division
  • beginning of cell differentiation
  • half of zygotes do not survivie this period
  • start of the 1st trimester
231
Q

what are the types of learning

A
  • nondeclarative (implicit)

- declarative (explicit)

232
Q

what is the issue for medication for pain relief during birth

A

Large dose: Infants are drugged as well

Epidural: lengthen labor, need instrumental assist

233
Q

what is the outcome of the rooting reflex

A

the baby will turn head to the side of the touch

234
Q

what is the outcome of the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex

A

baby can do w/o or w/ head turning

They will
extend the arm and leg the face is pointing and flex the arm and leg the face is not pointing

235
Q

what is operant conditioning

A

behavior becomes more or less probable depending on the consequences it produces

236
Q

What is the systems theory

A
  • bernstein
  • degrees of freedom (DOF)
  • Synergy
237
Q

what are some traits of cross sectional study

A

•Age effects

Cohort effects

238
Q

what is the age span of middle childhood

A

6 to 11 years old

239
Q

what is the position of the Plantar Grasp

A

Child supine, head in midline, legs relaxed

240
Q

what is a preschool period

A

early childhood ( 2-6 years old)

241
Q

what is the outcome of the Proprioceptive Placing (LE)

A

they will pick up their leg on the supportive surface

242
Q

what is the stages of the motor learning (Fitts’)

A
  • cognitive
  • associative
  • autonomous
243
Q

what is the motor program theory

A
  • patterned motor responses

- central patterns generator

244
Q

What are the theories of human development

A
  • Psychoanalytic theory
  • Learning theory
  • Cognitive theory
  • Evolutionary theory
  • Sociocultural theory
245
Q

what are some common teratogens

A
  • thalidomide
  • tobacco
  • radiation
  • disease
  • alcohol
246
Q

what are some maternal effects

A
  • age
  • emotional conditions
  • nutritioanl conditions
247
Q

what is psychoanalytic theory -Erikson

A
  • Eight developmental stages
  • family and culture not sexual urges
  • interaction of biological and social influences
  • emphasis on rational and adaptive nature
248
Q

what is the nondeclarative learning type

A
  • Learning without a conscious awareness of what has been learned
  • Skilled movements and habits
249
Q

What is Sociocultural Theory - Vygotsky

A
  • Culture is integral to a person’s development
  • Thought that human development results from the dynamic interaction between developing persons and their surrounding society
  • Zone of proximal development
250
Q

what growth takes place in the fetal period

A

Cephalocaudal and proximodistal growth
Sex organ may be visible via ultrasound
Heartbeat detectable via stethoscope
Quickening: typically 18-20 weeks (cal feel that baby)

251
Q

What is the Associative stages of the motor learning (Fitts’)

A

Motor

Organize more effective movement patterns

252
Q

What is the definitions of Erikson stages– -industry vs inferiority

A

Children busily practice and then master new skills or feel inferior, unable to do anything well.

253
Q

what is the migration

A

12-24wk after conception

-starts to move in the brian

254
Q

what is longitudinal study

A

collecting data repeatedly on the same person as they age

255
Q

what controls the primitive reflexes

A

brain stem

spinal cord

256
Q

what is the position of the Neonatal Neck Righting (NOB) [Mature]

A

infant in supine, head in midline

257
Q

what are the different learning style for the learning theory

A
  • classical conditioning
  • operant conditioning
  • social learning
258
Q

what is transfer of practice

A
  • new environment or new task
  • specific transfer
  • generalized transfers
259
Q

what is accommodation

A

Old ideas are restructured to include new experiences

260
Q

what is the positive reinforcement

A

dding desirable stimulus

261
Q

what are the ages of the Freud stage– anal

A

1-3 years

262
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Proprioceptive Placing (UE)

A

Move the infant so the dorsum of one hand rubs against a surface

263
Q

what is happening in the embryonic period

A

organogeneisis

  • ectoderm
  • mesoderm
  • endoderm
264
Q

what is preterm

A

if the baby come before 2 weeks of due date

265
Q

what is the Autonomous stages of the motor learning (Fitts’)

A

Produce the action almost automatically with little or no attention
Accurate, consistent, efficient

266
Q

what is the differentiation

A

will decide what function the brian will contorl

267
Q

what is the exosystem of the Bronfenbrenner ecological model

A

networks or settings that individuals do not interact directly

268
Q

what are the ages of the Erikson stage– - identity vs role confusion

A

12-20 years

269
Q

what is the definitions of Freud stage – Phallic

A

phallus, or penis, is the most important body part, and pleasure is derived from genital stimulation. Boys are proud of their penises; girls wonder why they don’t have them.

270
Q

how is development multidisciplinary

A
  • biosocial
  • cognitive
  • psycho social
271
Q

what is the expert stage of system models of motor learning (bernstein)

A

exploit passive dynamics

272
Q

what age is a toddler

A

1-3 years old

273
Q

what is ecological systmes

A

Bronfenbrenner model LOOK at slide 7

274
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex

A

Should not be obligatory

275
Q

what are the ages of the Erikson stage– -industry vs

A

6-11 years

276
Q

what are the consequences with social learning

A
  • no consequences
  • praised
  • punished
277
Q

what are the develpment research designs

A

cross sectional
longitudinal
cross sequential

278
Q

correlation method charts

A

look at slide 15

279
Q

What is the definitions of Erikson stages– - identity vs role confusion

A

Adolescents ask themselves “Who am I?” They establish sexual, political, religious, and vocational identities or are confused about their roles.

280
Q

what is the Hierarchical theory

A
  • Higher lever control lower level
  • Reflexes present when higher centers are damaged
  • Enhancing or reducing the effect of reflexes
281
Q

what is the is done to baby for the rooting reflex

A

Gently stroke the infant from the lips to the cheek

282
Q

What is the definitions of Erikson stages– - intergruity vs despair

A

Older adults try to make sense of their lives, either seeing life as a meaningful whole or despairing at goals never reached.

283
Q

what is the is done to baby for the Neonatal Positive Support (LE) Reflex

A

Allow the feet to make firm contact with the floor or table

284
Q

what is the outcome of the Traction Reflex

A

they will try to pull your arm back in so they dont feel like they are falling

285
Q

what is discrete

A

distinct beginning and end

286
Q

what are traits of longitudinal design

A
  • One cohort of individuals is assessed repeatedly over time
  • Provides information about age changes rather than age differences
  • Can indicate whether the characteristics and behaviors measured remain consistent over
287
Q

what are the types of feedback are there

A

intrinsic

extrinsic

2 growth and development (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions