Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
what is the scientific method
A
- Begin with curiosity and pose a question
- Develop a hypothesis
- Test the hypothesis
- Draw conclusions
- Report the results
- Replication
2
Q
what are the two ways to determine due date
A
from conception
or form last menstrual period
3
Q
when will the mom know she is prego
A
this takes about 2 weeks as it take a week for the egg/ sperm to move down the tube and another week to implant the zygot as this is where the hormones start to take affect
4
Q
what are the ages of the Erikson stage– - intergruity vs despair
A
65 and older
5
Q
what is the reflex theory application
A
testing reflexes to predict function
6
Q
what is the microsystem of the Bronfenbrenner ecological model
A
immediate, direct influences
7
Q
what is the outcome of the Neonatal Body Righting (BOB)
A
moving 1 limb and the whole body will move with the limb ( rolling) This helps the baby move
8
Q
what is the position of the Neonatal Body Righting (BOB)
A
Supine, head in midline
9
Q
what is the is done to baby for the Proprioceptive Placing (LE)
A
Lift the infant so that the dorsum of the foot presses against the edge of the table
10
Q
what is the key object of Concrete Operations
A
conservation and thinking locally
11
Q
what is the key object of the sensorimotor stage
A
object permanence
12
Q
what are surveys
A
- Involves collection of information from a large number of people
- Presents challenges in acquiring valid information
- Produces answers that are influenced by the wording and the sequence of the survey questions
13
Q
what is the outcome of the Flexor Withdrawal
A
they will flex the leg to get away form noxious stim
14
Q
what is socioeconomic status
A
determined by income, wealth, occupation, education, and place of residence • Housing, health, nutrition, knowledge
15
Q
how much of nature and nurture effect a person
A
nature - 35 %
nurture -65%
16
Q
what is the years of Preoperational
A
2–6 years
17
Q
what is differential susceptibility
A
sensitivity to any particular experiences differs from 1 person to another
18
Q
what is the is done to baby for the Crossed Extension
A
Holding one leg in extension at the knee, apply firm pressure to the sole of this leg
19
Q
what happens during stage 1 of labor
A
(12-24 hours before birth)
Contractions occur
Cervix enlarges to ~4 inches
20
Q
what is the mesoderm of the embryonic period
A
middle layer
Muscles, bones, circulatory systems
21
Q
what is anoxia perinatal hazards
A
Pinched umbilical cord, sedatives given
22
Q
what are some facts of teratogens
A
1 The effect of the teratogen depends upon the genotype of the organism
2 The impact of teratogens changes over the course of prenatal development: critical period
3 Each teratogen affects a specific aspect of prenatal development
4 The impact of teratogens depends on the dosage
5 Damage from teratogens is not always evident at birth
23
Q
what are some cons to longitudinal design
A
Time consuming and costly, drop out, repeated testing, time-of-measurement effects
24
Q
what is post term
A
if the baby come after 1 week of due date
25
what are some pros of cross sectional study
quicker and easier than longitudinal
26
what is zone of proximal development
Skills, knowledge, and concepts that learner is close to acquiring but cannot master without help
27
what or who give support during childbirth
Spouse, partner, mother, sister
| Doula, midwives
28
what is nature
Traits, capacities, and limitations that each individual inherits genetically from parent
29
what is the is done to baby for the Galant Reflex
gently stimulate along the paravertebral area from the C7 area to the buttocks
30
what are the ages of the Erikson stage-- -trust vs mistrust
birth to 1 year
31
what is synergy
this is a way to come up with this to help solve DOF
-NEED to look at this more !!!!
32
what is the theories of motor learning (adams )
adams closed loop theory
- --use feedback to modify motor output
- --memory trace
- --limitations (novel movement, open loop movements)
33
what is assimilation
New experiences are reinterpreted to fit into old ideas
34
how many and how long are the trimesters of pregnancy
there are 3 and they last about 3 month each
35
what is classical conditioning
associate a meaningful stimulus to a naturally occurring stimulus
36
what is the is done to baby for the Moro Reflex
Allow the neck to drop, stretching neck muscles
37
what is the definitions of Freud stage -- Anal
The anus is the focus of pleasurable sensations in the baby’s body, and toilet training is the most important activity
38
what is the CNS development stages
```
proliferation
migration
differentiation
synaptogeneisis
myelination
```
39
how is development multicultural
- culture
- ethnic group
- race
40
what is race
Physical appearance; nature, flawed, destructive concepts
41
what is the position of the Traction Reflex
Supine with the arms and head in midline
42
what is the cognitive stages of the motor learning (Fitts'
Verbal
Get a general idea of the movement
Stiff, inconsistent, slow
43
what is the outcome of the Moro Reflex
the arms with abduction, elbow ext. and wrist ext and finger ext.
THEN they will addcution to grab a hold of someone as they think they are falling
44
what is the minimum movement time
person with the highest proficiency can complete the tasks in the shortest amount of time
45
what is the position of the Neonatal Neck Righting (NOB) [Immature]
Infant in supine, head in midline
46
comparison of experimental and correlation method chart
look at slide 17
47
what is the reflex theory
Complex behavior occurs through combined action of individual reflexes
48
what is intrinsic feedback
Proprioceptive
Exteroceptive
Concurrent feedback
49
what is the historical contexxt
• Cohort: a group defined by its members’ shared age
50
what shoudl a prospective mother do to get ready for a baby
Plan the pregnancy
Take a daily multivitamin with folic acid
Avoid binge drinking
Update immunizations against teratogenic viruses
Gain or lose weight, as appropriate
Reassess use of prescription drugs
Develop daily exercise habits
51
what is the is done to baby for the Flexor Withdrawal
Apply a noxious stimulus to the sole of the foot
52
What is the definitions of Erikson stages-- -initiavte vs guilt
Children either try to undertake many adultlike activities or internalize the limits and prohibitions set by parents. They feel either adventurous or guilty
53
what is the closed loop control
- slow movement
| - feedback
54
what are the ages of the Erikson stage-- -autonomy vs shame and doubt
1-3 years
55
what is the neural tube
this is the beginning of brain formation
- starts at 3-4 weeks
- neural plate folds up to gorm the neura tube
- spina biida
56
what is Freud psychoanalytic theory
- irrational, unconscious drives and motives, often originating in childhood, underlie human behavior
- 5 stages n
- early conflict resolution determines personality patterns
57
what is extrinsic feedback
Provided by outside source
Knowledge of results
Knowledge of performance
Concurrent and terminal feedback
58
what is the from conception time periods
38 weeks or 266 days and is the lenght of the pregnancy
59
what is the key object of formal operations
abstract thinking and hypothetical concepts
60
what is the order of the brain in the hierarchical theory
- cortex
- midbrain
- brain stem
- spinal cord
** works from the top down
61
what is social learning
this is where you oberve things that happen and will act that out and they learn by consequenes
62
what is operant conditioning
behavior becomes more or less probable depending on the consequences it produces
63
what is the key object of the Preoperational Stage
fail to demonstrate conservation
64
what is psycho social
• Emotions, temperament, social skills
• Family, friends, community, culture, society
(look at the chart on slide 7 as it would fit here
( an interaction with the environment)
65
what is the declarative learning type
- Results in knowledge that can be consciously recalled and thus requires processes such as awareness, attention, and reflection
- Facts, events
66
what is fail to demonstrate
Conservation: the properties of an object do not change when its appearance is altered
67
what are parts of specific transfers
task - specific
| feasibility : simulation
68
how is develpment multidirectional
Over time, human characteristics change in every direction
• Continuous versus discontinuous
• Gradual and quantitative versus abrupt and
qualitative
• Timing of losses and gain
69
what are teratogens
any disease, drug or other environmental agent that can harm a developing fetus
-Drugs, virus, chemicals, pollutants
70
what are some cons of cross sectional study
age and cohort effects are confounded, no information on changes with age
71
what is the position of the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex
Supine, gently turn the infant’s head to one side
72
what is cross sequential study
Sequential, cohort-sequential, time-sequential
73
what is the macrosystem of the Bronfenbrenner ecological model
cultural patterns, political philosophies, economic policies and social conditions
74
what is the is done to baby for the Traction Reflex
Grasp the child’s wrists and pull up to sitting placing a stretch on the shoulder adductors and arm flexors
75
what is the Preoperational Stage
- Developed the capacity for symbolic thought
- Use symbols: language, pretend play
- Egocentrism
- fail to demonstrate conservation
76
how long do the egg and sprem last
that is about 3 to 4 days on there own
77
what is culture
A system of shared beliefs, norms, behaviors, and expectations that persist over time and prescribe social behavior and assumptions
78
what is the outcome of the Proprioceptive Placing (UE)
they will lift arm up to surface
79
what is cognitive
* Mental processes
| * Perception, imagination, judgment, memory, languag
80
what is sensitive period
a window of time during which an individual is more affected by experience, particular development occurs more easily, BUT you can still learn or do it
(language learning )
81
what is the age span of prenatal period
conception to birth
82
what are the system models of motor learning (bernstein)
- novice stage
- advanced stage
- expert stages
83
wht is the emotional conditions in maternal side
= prolonged and severe emotional stress and anxiety during pregnancy
----could have fast hr or low birth weight , preterm, birth complication,more irritable, prone to crying
84
what is the evolutionary theory
- Evolution interaction between genes and environment
- Two long-standing biologically based drives: survival and reproduction
- Selective adaptation
- Suggests genetic variations are particularly beneficial when the environment changes and benefits humanity as a whole
85
what is the is done to baby for the Neonatal Neck Righting (NOB) [Mature]
Turn the infant’s head to one side
86
what is cohort effects
Effects of being born as a member of a particular generation in a particular historical contex
87
what is the outcome of the Crossed Extension
they will apply a firm pressure on the bottom of hte foot and it will cause the other leg to
- flex up
- adduciton
- then extend
* * mimics walking
88
what is the outcome of the Plantar Grasp
toes will graps the object that is applying pressure
89
what is the position of the Neonatal Positive Support (LE) Reflex
Support the infant in a vertical position
90
what is the organizing practice
- constant vs variable
- blocked vs. random
- massed vs. distributed
- part vs. whole
* ****** LOOK at the slide for this 23
91
what is the position of the Galant Reflex
Prone
92
what is a theory
is a set of concepts and propositions intended to describe and explain certain phenomena
93
what are the stages of labor
stage 1
stage 2
stage 3
94
what is the open loop control
- fast movement
- feedforward
- error detection -correction occurs after the movement
95
what are the ages of the Erikson stage-- - intimacy vs isolation
20-40 years
96
what is the outcome of the Neonatal Neck Righting (NOB) [Immature]
babies head to 1 side and then turnk will move in a log roll
97
what are the 2 procress of adaptation
- assimilation
| - accommodation
98
what is the theories of motor learning (Schidts )
- invariant feature
| - surface features
99
what is form last menstral period
this is started the first day of the last menstral period
40 weeks or 280 days
gestational age
100
what is the definitions of Freud stage -- Latency
Not really a stage, latency is an interlude. Sexual needs are quiet; psychic energy flows into sports, schoolwork, and friendship
101
what is Concrete Operations
- More logical than preschoolers
- Do well on problems that involve thinking about concrete objects but not abstract or hypothetical concepts
- ----------Can mentally categorize or mentally add and subtract objects
- Develop conservation
- Egocentrism disappearance
102
what is serial
discrete actions linked together
103
what are the 3 periods in prenatal
Germinal period
Embryonic period
Fetal period
104
what is nonassociative learning (Nondeclarative)
habituation : suppression of a response to a nonnoxious stimulus
- vestibular dysfunction, tactile dysfunction
Sensitization: increased response to potentially injurious stimulis (prevent falling)
105
what are some problems that are caused by alcohol
fetal alcohol syndrome, ID
106
what is the ectoderm of the embryonic period
outside layer
| Hair, skin, nervous system
107
what is the age span of early childhood
2 to 6 year old
108
what is the definitions of Freud stage -- Oral
The lips, tongue, and gums are the focus of pleasurable sensations in the baby’s body, and sucking and feeding are the most stimulating activities
109
what is Bronfenbrenner ecological model
- macrosystme
- exosystem
- mesosystem
- microsystem
110
what is cognitive adaptation
the process fo adjusting to the demands fo environment
111
what are some limitations of the motor program theory
- storage-- where do we have the room
| - novelty -- to make a new program
112
how does the birthing process start
the Fetal brain signals the release of hormones to trigger the female's uterine muscles
113
what is ecological plasticity
enriched environments
114
what is the is done to baby for the Plantar Grasp
Apply firm pressure to the plantar surface of the child’s foot
115
what are the 3 quality of skill proficiency
- maximum certainty
- minimum energy expenditure
- minimum movment time
116
what are the ages of the Freud stage-- latency
6-11 years
117
what is epigenetics
Study of how environmental factors affect genes and genetic expression
118
what is associative learning (Nondeclarative)
- classical conditioning
| - operant conditioning
119
what is continuous
no distinct beginning and end
120
what is the age of viability
22 weeks after conception (CNS is active and the respiratory system is sufficient so they can live outside the mother
- 23wk there is 25% survival rate
- 24wk there is 55% survival rate
121
what trimester is fetal period in
part of the 1st and ALL of the 2nd and the 3rd
122
what is minimmy energy expenditure
usain bolt the runner he can do a 100 m sprint using minimym energy while we would be exhausted
123
what is the is done to baby for the Suck-Swallow Reflex
Place a finger into the infant’s mouth
124
what is breech perinatal hazards
Risk of anoxia if undetected, brachial plexus injury
| this is when the hips are coming first
125
what are the ages of the Freud stage--genitals
12 years and older
126
what happens during stage 2 of labor
(15-20 minutes to an hour)
Fetus’s head passes through cervix to vagina
Baby emerges from the mother’s body
127
what is affordance
possibility of an action on an object or environment
128
what are cognitive theory - Piaget Periods
sensorimtor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational
129
what is scientific observation
.•Requires the researcher to record behavior systematically and objectively
• May be done in a naturalistic setting such as a home, school, or other public place
• May be done in a laboratory
• No intervene, may create a scenario
• Provides questions to explore, not proof
130
what is the position of the Suck-Swallow Reflex
Infant supine with the head in midline
131
what are the 5 Freud stages
```
oral
anal
phallic
latency
genital
```
132
what are the types of operant conditioning
`-reinforcement
| -punishment
133
what is punishment
decreases the strength of the behavior
134
what is the is done to baby for the Spontaneous Stepping
Feet touching a hard surface. Incline the infant and gently move the infant forward
135
what are some problems that are caused by disease
Rubella, diabetes, syphilis
R and S will cause vision or ID
Diabetes will cause preterm or large baby
136
what are the ages of the Erikson stage-- - generativity vs stagnation
40-65 years
137
what is full term
this is 2 week before birth due day to 1 week after due date
138
what is the proliferation
10-20 wks after conception
| -growth
139
what is generalized transfer
fundamental movements patterns
140
what is the embryonic period
occurs form 3rd to 8th week after conception
141
what is the outcome of the Neonatal Positive Support (LE) Reflex
will see cocontraction in the LE they can not support their body weight
142
what is egocentrism
Perception of the world in relation to oneself only
143
what is the age span of infancy
0-2 years old
144
what is the age effect in maternal side
- too young and too old can cause mischarages
145
what is the invariant features of theories of motor learning (Schidts )
Relative timing
146
what is bioscoial
* Growth and change that occur in a person’s body
* Physical or biological
* Height, weight, motor skill
147
what is ethnic group
Shared culture, language, religion; nurture
| group of people
148
what is the outcome of the Galant Reflex
the baby will have a pelvic tilts on the side of the stim
149
what is the outcome of the Neonatal Neck Righting (NOB) [Mature]
they will do some thingBUT they will turn their head then turnk then the legs
- very sentimental
150
what is the age span of late adulthood
65 and older
151
how is development multicontextual
- historical context
- socioeconomic status
- ecological systems
152
what is the part to whoel practice
- Selected serial tasks that can be divided into meaningful units
- Very complex tasks where the most difficult part is practiced
- Spend more time on whole practice if part to part interaction is large
- Chaining
153
what is the learning theroy
- describing how behavior is learned
154
what is the structuring the environment
- close vs. open
- affordance
- ecological plasticity
155
what are some problems that are caused by radiation
x-ray, cancer treatment (also the mirco waves are not good)
156
what is the definitions of Freud stage -- Genital
The genitals are the focus of pleasurable sensations, and the young person seeks sexual stimulation and satisfaction in heterosexual relationships.
157
what is the is done to baby for the Neonatal Neck Righting (NOB) [Immature]
Turn the infant’s head to one side
158
What are some feedback
- types (intrinsic, extrinsic, knowledge of preformance, good/poor)
- frequency (50% versus 100%, and fading )
- timing (terminal versus concurrent )
159
what is the sensorimotor stage
- Deal with the world directly through their perceptions and actions
- Unable to use symbols to help solve problems mentally
- Infants learn that objects still exist when out of sight
160
What is the definitions of Erikson stages-- - -trust vs mistrust
Babies either trust that others will satisfy their basic needs, including nourishment, warmth, cleanliness, and physical contact, or develop mistrust about the care of others
161
what is practice
- instructions
- augments therapeutic interventions
- mental practice
* *** Look at the slie 25
162
what is the negative reinforcement
removing undesirable stimulus
163
what is the endoderm of the embryonic period
inner layer
| Digestive system and lungs
164
what is the novice stage of system models of motor learning (bernstein)
reduce degrees of freedom
165
what is the average duration for first born
9-14 hours
166
what are the ages of the Erikson stage-- -initiavte vs guilt
3-6 years
167
what are the ages of the Freud stage-- phallic
3-6 years
168
what are the type of Nondeclarative learning types
- procedural learning
- nonassociative learning
- associative learning
169
what is experiment
* To determine the cause-and-effect relationship between two variables
* Independent variable (IV) vs. Dependent variable (DV)
* Control vs. Experimental group
* Feasibility & generalizatio
170
what is correlation method
* Determine whether two or more variables are related in a systematic way
* No random assignment or manipulation of IV •Calculate correlation coefficient
* Index of the strength of the relationship between two variables of interest
* Cannot establish a causal relationship between one variable and another
171
what are some perinatal hazards
- anoxia
- breech presentation
- cesarean section
- complicated delivery
- medication for pain
172
what is spina bifieda
1 in 2000 will get this as the nueral plate int closed all the way
173
what is procedural learning (Nondeclarative)
develops through repetition of an action
174
what happens in the fetal period of the final trimester
- Provides time for extensive growth and folding in cortex
- Involves expansion and contraction of lungs
- Includes final maturation of heart valves, arteries, and veins
- Average 7.5 lbs at birth, grows 4.5 lbs in the last 3 months
175
what is the negative punishment
removing desirable stimulus
176
what is the surface features of theories of motor learning (Schidts )
Speed
Amplitude
Effectors
177
what is the position of the Spontaneous Stepping
Supported in the vertical position
178
what is age effects
Relationship between age and development
179
what are some problems that are caused by thalidomide
deformities
180
what are the different patterns of developmental growth
- no change (personality)
- growth and decline ( memory & height )
- linear growth (knowledge)
- Growth in stages (crawling to walking )
181
what is the position of the Moro Reflex
Supine with head in midline, support the head, pulling to halfway between supine and sitting
182
what is the position of the Flexor Withdrawal
Supine, head in midline, LEs extended
183
what is the position of the Proprioceptive Placing (UE)
Support the infant in vertical
184
what is the age span of emerging adulthood
18 to 25 years old
185
what doe the effects of parents have on prenatual
maternal effects
| paternal effects
186
what is the age span of adolescence
11 to 18 years old
187
what is piagets congitive theory (6 steps)
1 Children are active and motivated learners
2 Children construct knowledge from their
experiences, rather than absorb
scheme, or groupings of similar actions or
thoughts
3 Children learn through two processes: assimilation and accommodation
4 Physical and social interactions with the environments is essential for cognitive development
5 Equilibration promote progression towards complex thought
6 Children think differently at different ages
188
what happens during stage 3 of labor
(minutes after birth)
| Placenta is expelled
189
waht are the effect of pathernal side
- age
| - exposure to toxins
190
what are the Erikson stages
- trust vs mistrust
- autonomy vs shame and doubt
- initiavte vs guilt
- industry vs inferiority
- identity vs role confusion
- intimacy vs isolation
- generativity vs stagnation
- intergruity vs despair
191
what is the reflex theory limitations
- Fast movement: typing
- Different responses to the same stimulus or inhibit the reflex
- Spontaneous and voluntary movement without sensory stimulus
192
what is the synaptogeneisis
20wk to puberty after conception
- synaptic plasticity
- connection btwn neurons
- strength of the connection will be increased or decreased depending on there use and will either stay or die off
193
What is the definitions of Erikson stages-- -autonomy vs shame and doubt
Children either become self-sufficient in many activities, including toileting, feeding, walking, exploring, and talking, or doubt their own abilities
194
what is the position of the Crossed Extension
Supine, head in midline, LEs extended
195
what are basic research strategies
* Observation
* Experiment
* Survey
* Correlational Method
196
what is nurture
Environmental influences that affect the individual after conception
197
how do you test and asses the reflees
- test both side when it applies
- score as Present, Absent, Or asymmentry
- Normal or abnormal depending on age
198
what is the age span of adulthood
25 to 65 years old
199
what is Degrees of freedom ( DOF)
All of the independent components of a control system and the number of ways each component can function during the execution of movement
200
what is max certainty
making 100% of free throws
201
what is the years for sensorimotor
Birth to 2 years
202
what is the mesosystem of the Bronfenbrenner ecological model
interaction of systems
| ***** this is NOT a main Layer
203
what are the motor control theories are there
- reflex theroy
- hierarchical theroy
- systme therory
- motor program theory
204
what is the myelination
24wk gestational age to 10 years old
205
what is the outcome of the Suck-Swallow Reflex
once they feel the pressure on the roof of the mouth they will suck then when their mouth is full they will swallow
206
what is the position of the rooting reflex
Place child supine with head in midline
207
what is the years of Formal operational
12 years through adulthood
208
what is cross sectional study
comparing groups of people of one age group w/ people of another age different cohorts
209
what is the fetal period
this 9th week after conception until birth
210
what is critical period
Must occur to ensure normal development or the only time abnormality might occur
(limb growth during embryo grow)
211
what is the advanced stage of system models of motor learning (bernstein)
released degrees of freedom
212
What is the definitions of Erikson stages-- - generativity vs stagnation
Middle-aged adults contribute to future generations through work, creative activities, and parenthood or they stagnate.
213
what are some problems that are caused by tobacco
LBW, preterm birth, asthma and development delay
214
what is the prenatal growth of the brain
it will grow proximal to distal (hind to forebrian)
215
what is the positive punishment
adding undesirable stimulus
216
what is the nutritional conditions in maternal side
- malnutrition -- low neurons, smaller insides
| - maternal obesity
217
what is the classification of tasks
- discrete
- serial
- continuous
218
what is the years of Concrete operational
6–11 years
219
what is reinforcement
increased the strength of the behavior
220
what is an example of classical conditioning
the little albert experiment
221
what is the position of the Proprioceptive Placing (LE)
Supported in a vertical position
222
what are the ages of the Freud stage-- Oral
birth to 1 year
223
what are the steps of cognitive adaptation
1 New experience does not fit into old ideas
2 Conflict/disequilibrium
3 Adaptation
4 New equilibrium (understanding advanced)
224
what is the is done to baby for the Neonatal Body Righting (BOB)
Flex one limb over the chest and rotate the limb across the body
225
what is the outcome of the Spontaneous Stepping
they think they are going to fall so they take a step forward
full term they will do heel to toe
preterm - flat foot or just the toes
226
what is formal operations
- Able to think abstractly and hypothetically
- Plan how to systematically test their ideas experimentally
- Can formulate hypotheses or predictions in their heads
- Imagine the results of their experiments
- Ethics, politics, social and moral issues
227
how has birth location changed over the years
1930- home
| Now- hospital
228
what is bernstein
whole body is a mechanical system
movement is produced from the interaction of multiple systems
229
What is the definitions of Erikson stages-- - intimacy vs isolation
Young adults seek companionship and love or become isolated from others, fearing rejection.
230
what is the germinal period
conception to implantation that last 2 weeks
- rapid cell division
- beginning of cell differentiation
- half of zygotes do not survivie this period
- start of the 1st trimester
231
what are the types of learning
- nondeclarative (implicit)
| - declarative (explicit)
232
what is the issue for medication for pain relief during birth
Large dose: Infants are drugged as well
| Epidural: lengthen labor, need instrumental assist
233
what is the outcome of the rooting reflex
the baby will turn head to the side of the touch
234
what is the outcome of the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex
baby can do w/o or w/ head turning
They will
extend the arm and leg the face is pointing and flex the arm and leg the face is not pointing
235
what is operant conditioning
behavior becomes more or less probable depending on the consequences it produces
236
What is the systems theory
- bernstein
- degrees of freedom (DOF)
- Synergy
237
what are some traits of cross sectional study
•Age effects
| Cohort effects
238
what is the age span of middle childhood
6 to 11 years old
239
what is the position of the Plantar Grasp
Child supine, head in midline, legs relaxed
240
what is a preschool period
early childhood ( 2-6 years old)
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what is the outcome of the Proprioceptive Placing (LE)
they will pick up their leg on the supportive surface
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what is the stages of the motor learning (Fitts')
- cognitive
- associative
- autonomous
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what is the motor program theory
- patterned motor responses
| - central patterns generator
244
What are the theories of human development
* Psychoanalytic theory
* Learning theory
* Cognitive theory
* Evolutionary theory
* Sociocultural theory
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what are some common teratogens
- thalidomide
- tobacco
- radiation
- disease
- alcohol
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what are some maternal effects
- age
- emotional conditions
- nutritioanl conditions
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what is psychoanalytic theory -Erikson
- Eight developmental stages
- family and culture not sexual urges
- interaction of biological and social influences
- emphasis on rational and adaptive nature
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what is the nondeclarative learning type
- Learning without a conscious awareness of what has been learned
- Skilled movements and habits
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What is Sociocultural Theory - Vygotsky
- Culture is integral to a person’s development
- Thought that human development results from the dynamic interaction between developing persons and their surrounding society
- Zone of proximal development
250
what growth takes place in the fetal period
Cephalocaudal and proximodistal growth
Sex organ may be visible via ultrasound
Heartbeat detectable via stethoscope
Quickening: typically 18-20 weeks (cal feel that baby)
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What is the Associative stages of the motor learning (Fitts')
Motor
| Organize more effective movement patterns
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What is the definitions of Erikson stages-- -industry vs inferiority
Children busily practice and then master new skills or feel inferior, unable to do anything well.
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what is the migration
12-24wk after conception
| -starts to move in the brian
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what is longitudinal study
collecting data repeatedly on the same person as they age
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what controls the primitive reflexes
brain stem
| spinal cord
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what is the position of the Neonatal Neck Righting (NOB) [Mature]
infant in supine, head in midline
257
what are the different learning style for the learning theory
- classical conditioning
- operant conditioning
- social learning
258
what is transfer of practice
- new environment or new task
- specific transfer
- generalized transfers
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what is accommodation
Old ideas are restructured to include new experiences
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what is the positive reinforcement
dding desirable stimulus
261
what are the ages of the Freud stage-- anal
1-3 years
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what is the is done to baby for the Proprioceptive Placing (UE)
Move the infant so the dorsum of one hand rubs against a surface
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what is happening in the embryonic period
organogeneisis
- ectoderm
- mesoderm
- endoderm
264
what is preterm
if the baby come before 2 weeks of due date
265
what is the Autonomous stages of the motor learning (Fitts')
Produce the action almost automatically with little or no attention
Accurate, consistent, efficient
266
what is the differentiation
will decide what function the brian will contorl
267
what is the exosystem of the Bronfenbrenner ecological model
networks or settings that individuals do not interact directly
268
what are the ages of the Erikson stage-- - identity vs role confusion
12-20 years
269
what is the definitions of Freud stage -- Phallic
phallus, or penis, is the most important body part, and pleasure is derived from genital stimulation. Boys are proud of their penises; girls wonder why they don’t have them.
270
how is development multidisciplinary
- biosocial
- cognitive
- psycho social
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what is the expert stage of system models of motor learning (bernstein)
exploit passive dynamics
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what age is a toddler
1-3 years old
273
what is ecological systmes
Bronfenbrenner model LOOK at slide 7
274
what is the is done to baby for the Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex
Should not be obligatory
275
what are the ages of the Erikson stage-- -industry vs
6-11 years
276
what are the consequences with social learning
- no consequences
- praised
- punished
277
what are the develpment research designs
cross sectional
longitudinal
cross sequential
278
correlation method charts
look at slide 15
279
What is the definitions of Erikson stages-- - identity vs role confusion
Adolescents ask themselves “Who am I?” They establish sexual, political, religious, and vocational identities or are confused about their roles.
280
what is the Hierarchical theory
- Higher lever control lower level
- Reflexes present when higher centers are damaged
- Enhancing or reducing the effect of reflexes
281
what is the is done to baby for the rooting reflex
Gently stroke the infant from the lips to the cheek
282
What is the definitions of Erikson stages-- - intergruity vs despair
Older adults try to make sense of their lives, either seeing life as a meaningful whole or despairing at goals never reached.
283
what is the is done to baby for the Neonatal Positive Support (LE) Reflex
Allow the feet to make firm contact with the floor or table
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what is the outcome of the Traction Reflex
they will try to pull your arm back in so they dont feel like they are falling
285
what is discrete
distinct beginning and end
286
what are traits of longitudinal design
* One cohort of individuals is assessed repeatedly over time
* Provides information about age changes rather than age differences
* Can indicate whether the characteristics and behaviors measured remain consistent over
287
what are the types of feedback are there
intrinsic
| extrinsic
