Exam 3 Flashcards

Question

when does heel strike develop

Answer 1

most mature -they have rules and take turns

Answer 2

restoration of something to its original state

Answer 3

How they explain, criticize, persuade, punish

Answer 4

duration of single limb stance

Answer 5

Includes knowledge that things can be arranged in logical series

Answer 6

``` Mile run, pull-ups, sit-ups Obesity rate Screen time Neighborhood play (this has decreased) Reduced physical education classes ```

Answer 7

Two diagnostic criteria for intellectual disability; both must emerge before 18 years of age 1. Substantial limitations in intellectual ability, defined as IQ score ≤ 70 2. Problems adapting to the environment

Answer 8

Present challenges Offer assistance Add crucial information Encourage motivation

Answer 9

Add and subtract two-digit numbers | Understand simple multiplication and division

Answer 10

moving distance over time

Answer 11

- vocabulary explosion - fast mapping - logical extension - comprehension greater than production

Answer 12

Add, subtract, multiply, and divide multidigit numbers Understand simple fractions, percent, area, and perimeter of shapes Understand word problems

Answer 13

Physical characteristics that define male and female

Answer 14

it is expensive to eat healthy also where they live it could decrease access to good food

Answer 15

Self-blame that people experience when they do something wrong this come 2nd 3 years

Answer 16

heel to heel to heel | --- need to ask what this is !!!

Answer 17

Are successful, articulate, happy with themselves, and generous with others Are well-liked by teachers and peers, especially in societies in which individual initiative is valued

Answer 18

Component of the information-processing system in which virtually limitless amounts of information can be stored indefinitely

Answer 19

Delay or deny the negative response

Answer 20

punish someone for a wrong act

Answer 21

if they lose .... they need to know how to control emotions

Answer 22

Are unhappy and lack self-control, especially in peer relationships Suffer from inadequate emotional regulation Are immature and lack friendships (main reason for their unhappiness) Continue to live at home, still dependent, in early adulthood

Answer 23

Read simple sentences out loud, 50 words per minute, including words of two syllables. Understand basic punctuation, consonant/vowel blends. Comprehend what is read.

Answer 24

Correlates with delayed theory of mind and increased aggression

Answer 25

Count to 100 Understand bigger and smaller Add and subtract one-digit numbers

Answer 26

- preconventional moral reasoning - conventional moral reasoning - postcoventional moral reasoning

Answer 27

13. 6- slow learner (70-85 IQ) 68. 26 - average (85-115 IQ) 13. 6 superior (115-130 IQ)

Answer 28

Peer culture Personal experience Empathy

Answer 29

more artsy, imagination, creativity, abstract thinking, holistic thinking, thinking of the bigger picture. Left handed people

Answer 30

there is no hip extension so you have to push your back backward which this is a compensation o lurch

Answer 31

Children’s performance on IQ tests are compared to the average IQ scores of children their own age

Answer 32

decrease mature peek a boo simple

Answer 33

Arises from the need to have achievements rewarded from outside (e.g., by receiving material possessions or another person's esteem)

Answer 34

left side is more logic thinking and controls the movement from right side of body, good at science and math, attention to detail, analytic

Answer 35

recall vs. recognition

Answer 36

nothing can be undone

Answer 37

Joint attention the speedy and imprecise way in which children learn new words by tentatively placing them in mental categories according to their perceived meaning

Answer 38

The tendency of females to be reluctant to judge right and wrong in absolute terms due to socialization

Answer 39

High nurturance and communication but little discipline, guidance, or control

Answer 40

Traditionally defined as an IQ score of 130 or higher Exceptional talent in areas such as art, music, writing, or dance

Answer 41

``` gait velocity stride length peak knee extension ROM peak knee flexion in swing vertical displacement of body cadence ```

Answer 42

Parents set limits and enforce rules but are flexible and listen to their children

Answer 43

Ability to use words and devices to communicate in various contexts Allow children to change formal and informal codes to fit audience

Answer 44

say draw triangle by verbal instrutions they dont see the process or the outcome

Answer 45

- obesity among young children - SES - food choice - parents perception of their children weight - parental education levels

Answer 46

child neglect, domestic violence

Answer 47

L heel strike to R heel strike

Answer 48

social rules -- laws

Answer 49

building blocks or puzzles

Answer 50

moral principles -- independently think if it is right or wrong

Answer 51

Incorporates features that society associates with or considers appropriate for men and women

Answer 52

Training for the family and the child, education for teachers, medication

Answer 53

they are in the same place doing same thing but no interaction

Answer 54

25 years old

Answer 55

Children realize that somethings should be remembered, and they begin to use simple strategies such as rehearsal (repeating an item again and again). This is not the most efficient strategy, but repetition can lead to automatization.

Answer 56

- dyslexia - dyscalculia - imparied reading comprehension

Answer 57

they watch other kids play

Answer 58

they are ER to increase balance to start at and they will slowly move to narrow base

Answer 59

``` 60%= stance phase 40%= swing phase ```

Answer 60

least mature they play with themself

Answer 61

``` Motor Cognitive Emotional Social Language ```

Answer 62

poor parenting, poor special education services

Answer 63

they figure out the environment

Answer 64

Time when fatal diseases or accidents are rare; the healthiest years of the life span Safeguarded by environmental factors Additional protection from education about risks and vaccines

Answer 65

4 years old

Answer 66

Divergent thinking Thinking in novel and unusual directions

Answer 67

- dynamic | - positive adaptation

Answer 68

Those types of basic intelligence that make learning of all sorts quick and thorough Includes abilities such as working memory, abstract thought, and speed of thinking

Answer 69

crystallized intelligence

Answer 70

Know the sounds of the consonants and vowels, including those that have two sounds (e.g., c, g, o). Use sounds to figure out words. Read simple words, such as cat, sit, ball, jump.

Answer 71

straight legs

Answer 72

Demonstrate rapid and fluent oral reading (more than 100 words per minute). Comprehend paragraphs about unfamiliar topics. Sound out new words, figuring out meaning using cognates and context. Read for pleasure.

Answer 73

Component of the information-processing system in which current, conscious mental activity occurs

Answer 74

87.6 (3.3mph)

Answer 75

Unusual difficulty with math, probably originating from a distinct part of the brain

Answer 76

With age, brains change to accommodate a second language Easier to learn more languages in early childhood

Answer 77

- avoid eye contact or look away - move closer to parents - diverting attention (most mature)

Answer 78

3 years old

Answer 79

think about the world entirely from one’s own personal perspective

Answer 80

``` Exploratory Social Constructive Pretend or symbolic Physical or rough and tumble Games with rules Social/dramatic ```

Answer 81

Ability to control one’s attention, behavior, thoughts, and/or emotions to override a strong internal predisposition or external lure, and instead do what’s more appropriate or needed

Answer 82

US: bans on soda in high schools Taiwan: bans on all sugar-sweetened beverages

Answer 83

``` base of support time in double limb support ankle dorsiflexion pelvic tilt use of visual scanning ```

Answer 84

Have no trouble reading individual words but understand far less of what they read

Answer 85

Ability to change perspectives spatially and interpersonally Be able to adopt different thinking process

Answer 86

- sustained attention - selective attention - alternating attention - divided attention

Answer 87

corpus callosum

Answer 88

At 18 months, infants recognize themselves visually as distinct individuals

Answer 89

School-age children comprehend and enjoy puns, unexpected answers to normal questions, and metaphors New cognitive flexibility and social awareness make these funny

Answer 90

at least 3.5 feet tall (> 110 cm) Weight 40-50 lbs (18-23 kg) Looks lean, not chubby Adultlike body proportions

Answer 91

Infants remember actions and routines that involve them. Memory is implicit, triggered by sights and sounds (an interactive toy, a caregiver's voice).

Answer 92

The parent tries to get the child to understand why a certain behavior was wrong

Answer 93

they see someone do it so they do it they see the process

Answer 94

ages 4-5 years and 6 years - understand more and less - understand bigger and smaller

Answer 95

whatever is now has always been and always will be

Answer 96

``` Prenatal period: biosocial Birth to 3 years: social learning 3-6 years: gender schema 7 to puberty: cognitive developmental Puberty and beyond ``` Look at slide 42 & 43

Answer 97

Understand basic book concepts, including that English books are written from front to back, with print from left to right, and that words describe pictures. Recognize letters - name the letters on sight. Recognize own name.

Answer 98

Count to 20 Understand one-to-one principle Understand more and less Recognize and name shapes

Answer 99

Memory becomes more adaptive and strategic as children become able to learn various memory techniques from teachers and other children. They an organize material themselves, developing their own memory aids.

Answer 100

Period between early childhood and adolescence, approximately from ages 6 to 11

Answer 101

Understand stable-order principle Understand cardinality principle

Answer 102

Ability to focus on one specific task Attention span: 2-5 minutes per year old Focus on one object for prolonged period of time. For 6 year old, may not expect them to stay in class for 1 hour. Classes in grade school is 40 minutes. Middle is 50. preschool or kindergarten is 20-30 minutes

Answer 103

comparing themselves to their peers

Answer 104

easier to take care of kids and then they decrease fitness level

Answer 105

- genes - SES - Parents - policies

Answer 106

Process two or more responses simultaneously listening and typing at the same time. How well can you divide attention related to working memory?

Answer 107

Symptoms start before ages 12 and impact daily life

Answer 108

Parents are indifferent toward their children and unaware of what is going on in their children's lives

Answer 109

Depends -physical = man =verbal =Females

Answer 110

40%= single support

Answer 111

they are talking to people playing also

Answer 112

Developed the capacity for symbolic thought Use symbols: language, pretend play Animism Egocentrism Centration Static reasoning irreversibly

Answer 113

leaning towards to WB side and forward (waddling gait)

Answer 114

Underextension- use to litterally | overextension- too broad

Answer 115

``` Reciprocal arm swing Upright trunk Knee flexion in stance Foot and knee aligned with plane of movement Heel strike ```

Answer 116

morality of justice

Answer 117

less than 50%

Answer 118

Warm and affectionate vs. cold and critical

Answer 119

playing help increase motor

Answer 120

Ability to switch focus between tasks Harder for kids to switch between tasks

Answer 121

have to figure out how to play the game

Answer 122

- Has difficulty mastering an academic subject - Is of normal intelligence - Must not struggle due to some other condition (e.g., poor instruction, sensory deficits)

Answer 123

No detectable brain differences between monolingual and bilingual children in learning language in the first three years

Answer 124

play/ drama

Answer 125

76 (30 inches)

Answer 126

The ability to identify and select an appropriate sequence of behavior in order to complete a purposive task

Answer 127

Begin to use abstract concepts, such as formulas, algebra

Answer 128

Executive function – higher level of cognitive function. Lower level could be language. There is a lot of processing in executive ``` Attentional control Cognitive inhibition Working memory Cognitive flexibility Planning Fluid intelligence ```

Answer 129

walking= always 1 foot on the floor w/ walking running= there will have a double swing phase

Answer 130

8 lb a year

Answer 131

Conservation Classification Seriation Transitivity Look at slide 14

Answer 132

Biomedical Social Behavioral Educational

Answer 133

Comes from inside a person (e.g., need to feel smart or competent) Seen when children invent imaginary friends

Answer 134

- classification - seriation - transitivity

Answer 135

High behavioral standards, strict punishment of misconduct, and little communication

Answer 136

Walking cycle Walking velocity Cadence Step length Stride length

Answer 137

Logical and plausible, strategic but unlikely, implausible

Answer 138

look at slide 2

Answer 139

- morality of care | - morality of justice

Answer 140

boy type play

Answer 141

- authoritarian parenting - permissive parenting - authoritative parenting - neglectful/univolved parenting

Answer 142

- egocentrism wanes - mental operation - concrete operational thought

Answer 143

poverty, poor parent child relation

Answer 144

Disciplinary technique that involves threatening to withdraw love and support

Answer 145

Learning disabilities diagnosed in ± 5% of U.S. school-age children

Answer 146

disease or genetic - malnutrition, chromosomal or TBI

Answer 147

1/4 of the cals

Answer 148

- intrinsic | - extrinsic

Answer 149

of steps a min

Answer 150

Punishment that physically hurts the body, such as slapping or spanking

Answer 151

Given a multicultural and multicontextual perspective, developmentalists hesitate to recommend any particular parenting style

Answer 152

- self concepts - industry vs inferiority - resilience

Answer 153

Listen patiently vs. demand silence

Answer 154

Code-switching ability correlates with school achievement

Answer 155

Organization of things into groups (or categories or classes) according to some characteristic that they have in common By age 8, most children can classify

Answer 156

2-3 inches a year that comes from the legs

Answer 157

Semantic memory: general factual knowledge Episodic memory: specific event

Answer 158

crediting inanimate objects with life and lifelike properties such as feelings

Answer 159

- influences on moral development | - children show a variety of skills

Answer 160

Ages 2-6, They smile, laugh and hysterical laugh --- difference in response 2 year olds cannot handle emotions so they cry

Answer 161

parents habits affect the child | w/ increased education = decrease obesity rates

Answer 162

Making moral judgments Retribution vs. restitution Differentiating universal principles from conventional norms

Answer 163

Improve physical health and mental health Brain development and cognitive functions * ***Blood flow, neurotransmitters, mood * ***Selective attention * ***Reaction time

Answer 164

morality of care

Answer 165

childhood obesity --In 2012, 18 percent of 6- to 11-year-olds in the United States were obese Childhood overweight correlates with asthma, high blood pressure, and elevated cholesterol

Answer 166

Select and focus on one source of information so many different stimuli, which one should you focus on? Think about the video with counting basketballs….but you miss the gorilla

Answer 167

Represent a false belief that is different from their belief about the true state of affairs

Answer 168

a persons theory of what other people might be thinking

Answer 169

Child's temperament Parent's personality Social context

Answer 170

cooperative type

Answer 171

rewards and punishments -- this is how the learn good and bad things

Answer 172

- imitate - copy - draw - shapes

Answer 173

- initiative vs guilty - guilt - shame

Answer 174

logic | emotion

Answer 175

Actions that can be performed on objects or ideas

Answer 176

Read paragraphs and chapters. Understand more advanced punctuation (e.g., the colon). Answer comprehension questions about concepts as well as facts. Read polysyllabic words (e.g., vegetarian, population, multiplication).

Answer 177

Self-awareness, self-conscious

Answer 178

Babies also form categorical self by 18-24 months Classify selves into social categories based on age, sex, and other visible characteristics

Answer 179

The relations among elements in a series

Answer 180

temporary support tailored to a learner’s needs and abilities that helps learning

Answer 181

People's feeling that others blame them, disapprove of them, or are disappointed in them this comes 1st at 2 years

Answer 182

The tendency of males to emphasize justice over compassion and to judge right and wrong in absolute terms

Answer 183

- retribution | - restitution

Answer 184

2-6 years they will learn symbolic play

Answer 185

- emotions become more nuanced and responsive - temper tantrums subside - impulse control - executive function q

Answer 186

Children should do 60 minutes or more of physical activity each day Play, PE classes, organized sports

Answer 187

Knowing the expectation from someone who believes your lie Feign ignorance

Answer 188

used unconsciously

Answer 189

able to regulate attention and emotion to self soothe inhibits inappropriate responding

Answer 190

``` Solitary Onlooker Parallel Associative: 15-18 months Cooperative: 2 years ```

Answer 191

- first order false belief - second order belief - sophistication of the lie

Answer 192

Distinguish right from wrong, to act on it, and to experience emotions that come with it

Answer 193

Limited capacity that stores information briefly Failed to ignore irrelevant information

Answer 194

Children can use new strategies. Children use visual clues (remembering how a particular spelling word looks) and auditory hints (rhymes, letters), evidence of the visual-spatial sketchpad and phonological loop. Children now benefit from the organization of things to be remembered.

Answer 195

``` Culture is integral to a person’s development Zone of proximal development Guided participation Mentor Scaffolding ```

Answer 196

- psychological contorl - timeout - induction

Answer 197

18 m: 50 words; 2 yrs: 100-2,000; 6 yrs: 30,000 50-100 words a month

Answer 198

Words are now used to encode and retrieve memories. Explicit memory begins, although children do not yet use memory strategies. Children remember things by rote (their phone number. nursery rhymes) without truly understanding them.

Answer 199

Expectations for responsibility and self-control

Answer 200

Become conscientious, obedient, and quiet but not especially happy Feel guilty or depressed and blame themselves when things do not go well Rebel as adolescents and leave home before age 20

Answer 201

heel strike to heel strike of the same foot

Answer 202

- short term sensory storage - working memory (short term memory) - long term memory

Answer 203

Unusual difficulty with reading; thought to be the result of some neurological underdevelopment

Answer 204

you show them the shape they only see the outcome not process

Answer 205

= 100 denotes average > 100 is above average < 100 indicates less than average

Answer 206

no rules | they do it together

Answer 207

Talk about themselves and to assert their wills Experience self-conscious emotions Coordinate their own perspectives with others

Answer 208

they are similar

Answer 209

``` fruits grains vegetables protein dairy ```