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2 growth and development > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

7 years old

what is the step length (cm)

A

48

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2
Q

what is the speaking two languages in the middle aged kids

A

many us children speak one language at home and another at school

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3
Q

what are some common charateristics of someone with ADHD

A

Hyperactivity
Inattention
Impulsivity

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4
Q

What is Centration

A

focus on one idea

Fail to demonstrate conservation

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5
Q

what is initiative vs guilt

A

Children undertake new skills and activities and feel guilty when they do not succeed at them

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6
Q

what is crystallized intelligence

A

(more related to explicit learning)

Those types of intellectual ability that reflect accumulated learning

Vocabulary and general information are examples

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7
Q

what is the temper tantrums subsids of the prefrontal cortex

A

Have better emotional control

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8
Q

what is Social

A

interactions

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9
Q

what does self recognition depend on

A

Cognitive development

Social interaction

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10
Q

3 year old

what is the step length (cm)

A

33

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11
Q

how much does a 2-6 year old grow

A

Between 2 to 6 years old. They grow about 3 inches, 4.5 lbs every year

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12
Q

what is the sequence of norm and expectations for reading in 13+ year olds

A

Continue to build vocabulary, with emphasis more on comprehension than on speech.

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13
Q

what are the different stages the will happen before knee movement mature

A
  • flexion will start to happen

- full extension w/ initial contact take time

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14
Q

what are the % of the stance phases

A 
10%= double support 
40%= single limb support 
10%= double support
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15
Q

what is time out

A

A child is separated from other people for a specified time

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16
Q

what are the language abilities of middle childhood

A
  • understanding metaphors

- pragmatics

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17
Q

what is short term sensory storage

A

Component of the information-processing system in which incoming stimulus information is stored for a split second to allow it to be processed

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18
Q

what is the benefit of corporal punishments

A

Increases obedience temporarily, but it also increases the possibility of later bullying, delinquency, and abusive behavior

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19
Q

what is apart of self concept of middel childhood

A
  • social comparison

- effortful control

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20
Q

how does working memory improve

A

steadily and significiantly

  • Capacity of long-term memory is virtually limitless by the end of middle childhood
  • Memory storage expands over childhood, but more important is retrieval
  • As the prefrontal cortex matures, children are better able to use strategies
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21
Q

what happens with a weakness of gluteus medius during mid stance

A

there would be a decrease in abduction and the compensation will be the trenelenburg sign

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22
Q

what is the average cal intake

A

Average 2400 kcal, range 1,700 to 3,300 kcal

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23
Q

what is the weight of the brain at 2 and 6 years and what is it due too

A

75% of adult weight at 2 years, 90% at 6 years

Myelination

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24
Q

what are some caregving dimensions

A
  • expression of warmth
  • strategies for discipline
  • communication
  • expectation fro maturity
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25
Q

when does heel strike develop

A

1.5 years

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26
Q

what is Cooperative: 2 years

A

most mature

-they have rules and take turns

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27
Q

what is restitution

A

restoration of something to its original state

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28
Q

what is strategies for discipline

A

How they explain, criticize, persuade, punish

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29
Q

what is cycle time

A

duration of single limb stance

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30
Q

what is seriation

A

Includes knowledge that things can be arranged in logical series

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31
Q

7 years old

what is the cadence (steps/min)

A

144

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32
Q

what aspect are involved in fitness level in middle childhood

A 
Mile run, pull-ups, sit-ups
Obesity rate
Screen time
Neighborhood play (this has decreased)
Reduced physical education classes
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33
Q

what is the criteria or intellectual disability

A

Two diagnostic criteria for intellectual disability; both must emerge before 18 years of age

  1. Substantial limitations in intellectual ability, defined as IQ score ≤ 70
  2. Problems adapting to the environment
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34
Q

what is mentor

A

Present challenges
Offer assistance
Add crucial information
Encourage motivation

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35
Q

what is the sequence of norms and expectations for math in 8 years

A

Add and subtract two-digit numbers

Understand simple multiplication and division

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36
Q

what is Walking velocity

A

moving distance over time

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37
Q

what are the gender related differences of math

A

Females

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38
Q

what is involved in language learning

A
  • vocabulary explosion
  • fast mapping
  • logical extension
  • comprehension greater than production
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39
Q

what is the sequence of norms and expectations for math in 10 years

A

Add, subtract, multiply, and divide multidigit numbers

Understand simple fractions, percent, area, and perimeter of shapes

Understand word problems

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40
Q

what is biological sex

A

Physical characteristics that define male and female

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41
Q

how does SES have a role in obesity in kids

A

it is expensive to eat healthy also where they live it could decrease access to good food

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42
Q

what is guilt

A

Self-blame that people experience when they do something wrong

this come 2nd 3 years

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43
Q

what is Walking cycle

A

heel to heel to heel

— need to ask what this is !!!

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44
Q

at what age does cycle time mature

A

7 years

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45
Q

what are the long term effects of authoritative parenting

A

Are successful, articulate, happy with themselves, and generous with others

Are well-liked by teachers and peers, especially in societies in which individual initiative is valued

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46
Q

what is long term memory

A

Component of the information-processing system in which virtually limitless amounts of information can be stored indefinitely

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47
Q

what is the impulse control of the prefrontal cortex

A

Delay or deny the negative response

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48
Q

what is retribution

A

punish someone for a wrong act

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49
Q

what is Emotional

A

if they lose …. they need to know how to control emotions

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50
Q

what are the long term effects of permissive parenting

A

Are unhappy and lack self-control, especially in peer relationships

Suffer from inadequate emotional regulation

Are immature and lack friendships (main reason for their unhappiness)

Continue to live at home, still dependent, in early adulthood

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51
Q

what is the sequence of norm and expectations for reading in 8 year olds

A

Read simple sentences out loud, 50 words per minute, including words of two syllables.

Understand basic punctuation, consonant/vowel blends.

Comprehend what is read.

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52
Q

what does corporal punishement correlate to

A

Correlates with delayed theory of mind and increased aggression

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53
Q

what is the sequence of norms and expectations for math in 6 years

A

Count to 100
Understand bigger and smaller
Add and subtract one-digit numbers

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54
Q

what are some apesct of the moral values

A
  • preconventional moral reasoning
  • conventional moral reasoning
  • postcoventional moral reasoning
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55
Q

where does 95% of the population fall with the IQ scores

A
  1. 6- slow learner (70-85 IQ)
  2. 26 - average (85-115 IQ)
  3. 6 superior (115-130 IQ)
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56
Q

what is influences on moral development

A

Peer culture
Personal experience
Empathy

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57
Q

1 year old

pelvis to ankle ration

A

1.5

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58
Q

what happens with the right lateralization

A

more artsy, imagination, creativity, abstract thinking, holistic thinking, thinking of the bigger picture. Left handed people

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59
Q

what are the gender related differences of effortful control

A

Females

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60
Q

what happens with a weakness of glutesu maximus during mid stance

A

there is no hip extension so you have to push your back backward which this is a compensation o lurch

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61
Q

what are the gender related differences of memory

A

Females

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62
Q

how are childrens IQ compared

A

Children’s performance on IQ tests are compared to the average IQ scores of children their own age

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63
Q

what is Social

A

decrease mature peek a boo simple

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64
Q

what is extrinsic motivation

A

Arises from the need to have achievements rewarded from outside (e.g., by receiving material possessions or another person’s esteem)

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65
Q

what happens with the left lateralization

A

left side is more logic thinking and controls the movement from right side of body, good at science and math, attention to detail, analytic

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66
Q

what is another aspect of memory

A

recall vs. recognition

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67
Q

7 years old

what is the velocity (m/min)

A

68.4

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68
Q

what is the prevalence of obesity between ages 11-19

A

20.5 %

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69
Q

What is irreversibly

A

nothing can be undone

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70
Q

what is fast mapping

A

Joint attention

the speedy and imprecise way in which children learn new words by tentatively placing them in mental categories according to their perceived meaning

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71
Q

what is morality of care

A

The tendency of females to be reluctant to judge right and wrong in absolute terms due to socialization

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72
Q

what is permissive parenting

A

High nurturance and communication but little discipline, guidance, or control

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73
Q

what are gifted children

A

Traditionally defined as an IQ score of 130 or higher

Exceptional talent in areas such as art, music, writing, or dance

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74
Q

what happens to gait in the older adult it will Decreases in…

A 
gait velocity
stride length
peak knee extension ROM
peak knee flexion in swing
vertical displacement of body
cadence
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75
Q

what is authoritative parenting

A

Parents set limits and enforce rules but are flexible and listen to their children

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76
Q

3 year old

what is the duration of sls %

A

35

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77
Q

what is pragmatics

A

Ability to use words and devices to communicate in various contexts

Allow children to change formal and informal codes to fit audience

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78
Q

what is drawing

A

say draw triangle by verbal instrutions

they dont see the process or the outcome

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79
Q

what are some health and wellness that affect early childhood

A
  • obesity among young children
  • SES
  • food choice
  • parents perception of their children weight
  • parental education levels
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80
Q

what is the behavioral risk factor for intellectual disability

A

child neglect, domestic violence

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81
Q

what is Step length

A

L heel strike to R heel strike

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82
Q

what is conventional moral reasoning

A

social rules – laws

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83
Q

what is Constructive

A

building blocks or puzzles

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84
Q

when does diamond drawing develop

A

7 years

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85
Q

what is postcoventional moral reasoning

A

moral principles – independently think if it is right or wrong

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86
Q

what is gender

A

Incorporates features that society associates with or considers appropriate for men and women

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87
Q

what are some ways we can help with ADHD

A

Training for the family and the child, education for teachers, medication

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88
Q

what is Parallel

A

they are in the same place doing same thing but no interaction

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89
Q

when does the prefrontal cortex mature

A

25 years old

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90
Q

what are the gender related differences of verbal ability

A

Females

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91
Q

what is the memory capabilities of 5-7 years

A

Children realize that somethings should be remembered, and they begin to use simple strategies such as rehearsal (repeating an item again and again). This is not the most efficient strategy, but repetition can lead to automatization.

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92
Q

what are some common learning disabilities

A
  • dyslexia
  • dyscalculia
  • imparied reading comprehension
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93
Q

what is Onlooker

A

they watch other kids play

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94
Q

what are the hips like to start before maturing

A

they are ER to increase balance to start at and they will slowly move to narrow base

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95
Q

what are the % of the normal gait pattern

A 
60%= stance phase 
40%= swing phase
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96
Q

What is Solitary

A

least mature

they play with themself

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97
Q

what are the different types of play

A 
Motor 
Cognitive
Emotional
Social
Language
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98
Q

what is the educational risk factor for intellectual disability

A

poor parenting, poor special education services

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99
Q

Adult

what is the duration of sls %

A

40

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100
Q

what is Exploratory

A

they figure out the environment

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101
Q

what is the benefit of middle childhood

A

Time when fatal diseases or accidents are rare; the healthiest years of the life span

Safeguarded by environmental factors

Additional protection from education about risks and vaccines

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102
Q

at what age does arm mature

A

4 years old

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103
Q

what kind of thinking do gifted children have

A

Divergent thinking

Thinking in novel and unusual directions

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104
Q

what makes up resilience

A
  • dynamic

- positive adaptation

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105
Q

what is fluid intelligence

A

Those types of basic intelligence that make learning of all sorts quick and thorough

Includes abilities such as working memory, abstract thought, and speed of thinking

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106
Q

what type of intelligence is not from executive function

A

crystallized intelligence

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107
Q

Middle childhood slides

A

20

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108
Q

what are the gender related differences of spatial ability

A

males

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109
Q

what is the sequence of norm and expectations for reading in 6-7 year olds

A

Know the sounds of the consonants and vowels, including those that have two sounds (e.g., c, g, o). Use sounds to figure out words.

Read simple words, such as cat, sit, ball, jump.

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110
Q

how do they walk at 1 years old with the knees

A

straight legs

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111
Q

what is the sequence of norm and expectations for reading in 11-12 years old

A

Demonstrate rapid and fluent oral reading (more than 100 words per minute).

Comprehend paragraphs about unfamiliar topics.

Sound out new words, figuring out meaning using cognates and context.

Read for pleasure.

112
Q

what is working memory (short term memory)

A

Component of the information-processing system in which current, conscious mental activity occurs

113
Q

what are the gender related differences of social influences

A

Females

114
Q

Adult

what is the velocity (m/min)

A

87.6 (3.3mph)

115
Q

what is dyscalculia

A

Unusual difficulty with math, probably originating from a distinct part of the brain

116
Q

1 year old

what is the velocity (m/min)

A

38.4

117
Q

3 year old

what is the pelvis to ankle ratio

A

2.5

118
Q

how does a child brain work with a second language

A

With age, brains change to accommodate a second language

Easier to learn more languages in early childhood

119
Q

how do early childhood cope with negative emotions

A
  • avoid eye contact or look away
  • move closer to parents
  • diverting attention (most mature)
120
Q

at what age does the hip mature at

A

3 years old

121
Q

Middle childhood look at

A

slide 3

122
Q

Adult

what is the pelvis to ankle ratio

A

3.3

123
Q

What is Egocentrism

A

think about the world entirely from one’s own personal perspective

124
Q

what are types of play

A 
Exploratory
Social
Constructive
Pretend or symbolic
Physical or rough and tumble
Games with rules
Social/dramatic
125
Q

what is cognitive inhibition of early childhood

A

Ability to control one’s attention, behavior, thoughts, and/or emotions to override a strong internal predisposition or external lure, and instead do what’s more appropriate or needed

126
Q

what are some policies that play a role in obesity in kids

A

US: bans on soda in high schools
Taiwan: bans on all sugar-sweetened beverages

127
Q

3 year old

what is the velocity (m/min)

A

51.6

128
Q

what happens to gait in the older adult it will Increases in…

A 
base of support
time in double limb support
ankle dorsiflexion
pelvic tilt
use of visual scanning
129
Q

7 years old

what is the pelvis to ankle ratio

A

n/z

130
Q

what is impaired reading comprehension

A

Have no trouble reading individual words but understand far less of what they read

131
Q

1 year old

what is cadence (steps/min)

A

176

132
Q

what is the prevalence of obesity between ages 5-11

A

17.8 %

133
Q

what is cognitive flexibility

A

Ability to change perspectives spatially and interpersonally

Be able to adopt different thinking process

134
Q

what are the different attentions

A
  • sustained attention
  • selective attention
  • alternating attention
  • divided attention
135
Q

left handed people have a bigger what

A

corpus callosum

136
Q

when does an infant recognize themselves

A

At 18 months, infants recognize themselves visually as distinct individuals

137
Q

what is the prevalence of obesity between ages 19 +

A

34.9%

138
Q

when does copy all but diamond develop

A

5 years

139
Q

look at slide (GAIT)

A

7, 8, 9

140
Q

what is understadning metaphors

A

School-age children comprehend and enjoy puns, unexpected answers to normal questions, and metaphors

New cognitive flexibility and social awareness make these funny

141
Q

by age 6 what do they look like

A

at least 3.5 feet tall (> 110 cm)
Weight 40-50 lbs (18-23 kg)
Looks lean, not chubby
Adultlike body proportions

142
Q

what is the memory capabilities of under 2 years

A

Infants remember actions and routines that involve them. Memory is implicit, triggered by sights and sounds (an interactive toy, a caregiver’s voice).

143
Q

what age is the preoperational age

A

2-6 years

144
Q

what is induction

A

The parent tries to get the child to understand why a certain behavior was wrong

145
Q

what is imitate

A

they see someone do it so they do it

they see the process

146
Q

what is transitivity

A

ages 4-5 years and 6 years

  • understand more and less
  • understand bigger and smaller
147
Q

What is Static reasoning

A

whatever is now has always been and always will be

148
Q

what ist he gender typing process

A 
Prenatal period: biosocial
Birth to 3 years: social learning
3-6 years: gender schema
7 to puberty: cognitive developmental
Puberty and beyond

Look at slide 42 & 43

149
Q

what is the sequence of norm and expectations for reading in 4-5 year olds

A

Understand basic book concepts, including that English books are written from front to back, with print from left to right, and that words describe pictures.

Recognize letters - name the letters on sight. Recognize own name.

150
Q

what is the sequence of norms and expectations for math in 4-5 years

A

Count to 20
Understand one-to-one principle
Understand more and less
Recognize and name shapes

151
Q

what is the memory capabilities of 9-11 years

A

Memory becomes more adaptive and strategic as children become able to learn various memory techniques from teachers and other children. They an organize material themselves, developing their own memory aids.

152
Q

what age is middle childhood

A

Period between early childhood and adolescence, approximately from ages 6 to 11

153
Q

what is the sequence of norms and expectations for math in 3 years

A

Understand stable-order principle

Understand cardinality principle

154
Q

what is sustained attention

A

Ability to focus on one specific task
Attention span: 2-5 minutes per year old

Focus on one object for prolonged period of time. For 6 year old, may not expect them to stay in class for 1 hour. Classes in grade school is 40 minutes. Middle is 50. preschool or kindergarten is 20-30 minutes

155
Q

when does vertical stroke develop

A

18-24m

156
Q

7 years old

what is the duration of sls %

A

38

157
Q

what is social comparison

A

comparing themselves to their peers

158
Q

when does horizontal strokes and copy circle and cross develop

A

3-4 years

159
Q

how does screen time to fitness level

A

easier to take care of kids and then they decrease fitness level

160
Q

who or what is responsible for childhood obesity

A
  • genes
  • SES
  • Parents
  • policies
161
Q

what is divided attention

A

Process two or more responses simultaneously

listening and typing at the same time. How well can you divide attention related to working memory?

162
Q

when do symptoms of ADHA start

A

Symptoms start before ages 12 and impact daily life

163
Q

what is neglectful/univolved parenting

A

Parents are indifferent toward their children and unaware of what is going on in their children’s lives

164
Q

what are the gender related differences of aggression

A

Depends

-physical = man
=verbal =Females

165
Q

what are the % of the swing phase

A

40%= single support

166
Q

early childhood slides

A

33

167
Q

what is Language

A

they are talking to people playing also

168
Q

what is involved in the preoperational stage

A

Developed the capacity for symbolic thought

Use symbols: language, pretend play

Animism

Egocentrism

Centration

Static reasoning

irreversibly

169
Q

early childhood slide

A

20

170
Q

what does the trunk do at the beginner stages

A

leaning towards to WB side and forward (waddling gait)

171
Q

what is logical extension

A

Underextension- use to litterally

overextension- too broad

172
Q

what are the characteristics of mature gait

A 
Reciprocal arm swing
Upright trunk
Knee flexion in stance
Foot and knee aligned with plane of movement
Heel strike
173
Q

what does retribution relate to

A

morality of justice

174
Q

how many kids in the middle childhood couldnt pass a fitness level

A

less than 50%

175
Q

what is expression of warmth

A

Warm and affectionate vs. cold and critical

176
Q

what is Motor

A

playing help increase motor

177
Q

what is alternating attention

A

Ability to switch focus between tasks

Harder for kids to switch between tasks

178
Q

what is Cognitive

A

have to figure out how to play the game

179
Q

what does a cild with a learning disability have

A
  • Has difficulty mastering an academic subject
  • Is of normal intelligence
  • Must not struggle due to some other condition (e.g., poor instruction, sensory deficits)
180
Q

is there a brain differences with speaking two languages

A

No detectable brain differences between monolingual and bilingual children in learning language in the first three years

181
Q

what is Social/dramatic

A

play/ drama

182
Q

Adult

what is the step length (cm)

A

76 (30 inches)

183
Q

what is planning

A

The ability to identify and select an appropriate sequence of behavior in order to complete a purposive task

184
Q

what is the sequence of norms and expectations for math in 12 years

A

Begin to use abstract concepts, such as formulas, algebra

185
Q

what is the executive function of the prefrontal cortex

A

Executive function – higher level of cognitive function. Lower level could be language. There is a lot of processing in executive

Attentional control
Cognitive inhibition
Working memory
Cognitive flexibility
Planning
Fluid intelligence
186
Q

how is walking gait different than running gait

A

walking= always 1 foot on the floor w/ walking

running= there will have a double swing phase

187
Q

what is the weight of the middle childhood like

A

8 lb a year

188
Q

what are the concrete operational thought in middle childhood

A

Conservation
Classification
Seriation
Transitivity

Look at slide 14

189
Q

what are some risk that increase for intellectual disability

A

Biomedical
Social
Behavioral
Educational

190
Q

what is intrinsic motivation

A

Comes from inside a person (e.g., need to feel smart or competent)

Seen when children invent imaginary friends

191
Q

what are some logical concepts of middle childhood

A
  • classification
  • seriation
  • transitivity
192
Q

what is authoritarian parenting

A

High behavioral standards, strict punishment of misconduct, and little communication

193
Q

what are the kinematic gait parameters

A

Walking cycle

Walking velocity

Cadence

Step length

Stride length

194
Q

what is the sophistication of the lie

A

Logical and plausible, strategic but unlikely, implausible

195
Q

what is the normal gait pattern

A

look at slide 2

196
Q

what are the 2 moral development theorys

A
  • morality of care

- morality of justice

197
Q

what is Physical or rough and tumble

A

boy type play

198
Q

what are the styles of caregiving

A
  • authoritarian parenting
  • permissive parenting
  • authoritative parenting
  • neglectful/univolved parenting
199
Q

what happens to cognitive development with middle childhood

A
  • egocentrism wanes
  • mental operation
  • concrete operational thought
200
Q

what is the social risk factor for intellectual disability

A

poverty, poor parent child relation

201
Q

what is psychological contorl

A

Disciplinary technique that involves threatening to withdraw love and support

202
Q

how many kids are diagnosed with a learning disability

A

Learning disabilities diagnosed in ± 5% of U.S. school-age children

203
Q

what is the biomedical risk factor for intellectual disability

A

disease or genetic - malnutrition, chromosomal or TBI

204
Q

when does the BOS mature at

A

3 years

205
Q

how much should breakfast of a middle childhood be like

A

1/4 of the cals

206
Q

what are the types of motivation

A
  • intrinsic

- extrinsic

207
Q

what is Cadence

A

of steps a min

208
Q

what is corporal punishments

A

Punishment that physically hurts the body, such as slapping or spanking

209
Q

middle childhood slide

A

17

210
Q

why is there hesitate to recommend particular parenting style

A

Given a multicultural and multicontextual perspective, developmentalists hesitate to recommend any particular parenting style

211
Q

what are some psycho social development with middle childhood

A
  • self concepts
  • industry vs inferiority
  • resilience
212
Q

what is communication

A

Listen patiently vs. demand silence

213
Q

with a 2 languages correlates with school achievements

A

Code-switching ability correlates with school achievement

214
Q

what is classification

A

Organization of things into groups (or categories or classes) according to some characteristic that they have in common

By age 8, most children can classify

215
Q

what is the height of middle childhood

A

2-3 inches a year that comes from the legs

216
Q

what is explicit memory

A

Semantic memory: general factual knowledge

Episodic memory: specific event

217
Q

what is animism

A

crediting inanimate objects with life and lifelike properties such as feelings

218
Q

what are some children moral values

A
  • influences on moral development

- children show a variety of skills

219
Q

what does the emotions become more nuanced and responsive of the prefrontal cortex

A

Ages 2-6, They smile, laugh and hysterical laugh — difference in response
2 year olds cannot handle emotions so they cry

220
Q

3 year old

what is the cadence (steps/min)

A

154

221
Q

how do parents have a role in obesity in kids

A

parents habits affect the child

w/ increased education = decrease obesity rates

222
Q

what is children show a variety of skills

A

Making moral judgments

Retribution vs. restitution

Differentiating universal principles from conventional norms

223
Q

why is physical activities beneficial in middle childhood

A

Improve physical health and mental health

Brain development and cognitive functions

  • ***Blood flow, neurotransmitters, mood
  • ***Selective attention
  • ***Reaction time
224
Q

what is the prevalence of obesity between ages 2-5

A

8.9%

225
Q

what does restitution relate to

A

morality of care

226
Q

what is the major health problems of middle childhood

A

childhood obesity
–In 2012, 18 percent of 6- to 11-year-olds in the United States were obese

Childhood overweight correlates with asthma, high blood pressure, and elevated cholesterol

227
Q

what is selective attention

A

Select and focus on one source of information

so many different stimuli, which one should you focus on? Think about the video with counting basketballs….but you miss the gorilla

228
Q

what is first order false belief

A

Represent a false belief that is different from their belief about the true state of affairs

229
Q

what is theory of mind

A

a persons theory of what other people might be thinking

230
Q

what are 3 ways interactions influence the outcome of any parenting style

A

Child’s temperament
Parent’s personality
Social context

231
Q

what is Games with rules

A

cooperative type

232
Q

what is preconventional moral reasoning

A

rewards and punishments – this is how the learn good and bad things

233
Q

what are some visual perception skills

A
  • imitate
  • copy
  • draw
  • shapes
234
Q

what are some psychosocial development in early childhood

A
  • initiative vs guilty
  • guilt
  • shame
235
Q

what are the aspect of the lateralization

A

logic

emotion

236
Q

what is the mental operations of cognitive development in middle childhood

A

Actions that can be performed on objects or ideas

237
Q

what is the sequence of norm and expectations for reading in 9-10 year olds

A

Read paragraphs and chapters.

Understand more advanced punctuation (e.g., the colon).

Answer comprehension questions about concepts as well as facts.

Read polysyllabic words (e.g., vegetarian, population, multiplication).

238
Q

what is self recognition

A

Self-awareness, self-conscious

239
Q

when can babies categorical self

A

Babies also form categorical self by 18-24 months

Classify selves into social categories based on age, sex, and other visible characteristics

240
Q

what is transitivity

A

The relations among elements in a series

241
Q

what is scaffolding

A

temporary support tailored to a learner’s needs and abilities that helps learning

242
Q

what is shame

A

People’s feeling that others blame them, disapprove of them, or are disappointed in them

this comes 1st at 2 years

243
Q

what is morality of justice

A

The tendency of males to emphasize justice over compassion and to judge right and wrong in absolute terms

244
Q

what are the gender related differences of emotional sensitivity

A

Females

245
Q

what are the 2 forms of punishments

A
  • retribution

- restitution

246
Q

what is Pretend or symbolic

A

2-6 years they will learn symbolic play

247
Q

what are the prefrontal cortex fo an early childhood

A
  • emotions become more nuanced and responsive
  • temper tantrums subside
  • impulse control
  • executive function q
248
Q

how much physical activities should a middle childhood have

A

Children should do 60 minutes or more of physical activity each day

Play, PE classes, organized sports

249
Q

what is the second order belief

A

Knowing the expectation from someone who believes your lie

Feign ignorance

250
Q

what is implicit memory

A

used unconsciously

251
Q

what is effortful control

A

able to regulate attention and emotion to self soothe inhibits inappropriate responding

252
Q

1 year old

what is the duration of SLS %

A

32

253
Q

what are the stages of play

A 
Solitary
Onlooker
Parallel
Associative: 15-18 months
Cooperative: 2 years
254
Q

what are the apsect of the lying behavior

A
  • first order false belief
  • second order belief
  • sophistication of the lie
255
Q

Adult

what is the cadence (steps/min)

A

113

256
Q

what are moral values

A

Distinguish right from wrong, to act on it, and to experience emotions that come with it

257
Q

what is working memory

A

Limited capacity that stores information briefly

Failed to ignore irrelevant information

258
Q

what is the memory capabilities of 7-9 years

A

Children can use new strategies. Children use visual clues (remembering how a particular spelling word looks) and auditory hints (rhymes, letters), evidence of the visual-spatial sketchpad and phonological loop. Children now benefit from the organization of things to be remembered.

259
Q

what is social learning Vygotsky

A 
Culture is integral to a person’s development
Zone of proximal development
Guided participation
Mentor
Scaffolding
260
Q

what are some alternatives to spanking

A
  • psychological contorl
  • timeout
  • induction
261
Q

what is vocabulary explosion

A

18 m: 50 words; 2 yrs: 100-2,000; 6 yrs: 30,000

50-100 words a month

262
Q

what is the memory capabilities of 2-5 years

A

Words are now used to encode and retrieve memories. Explicit memory begins, although children do not yet use memory strategies. Children remember things by rote (their phone number. nursery rhymes) without truly understanding them.

263
Q

what is expectation fro maturity

A

Expectations for responsibility and self-control

264
Q

look at early childhood slide

A

6

265
Q

1 year old

what is step length (cm)

A

22

266
Q

what are the long term effects of authoritarian parenting

A

Become conscientious, obedient, and quiet but not especially happy

Feel guilty or depressed and blame themselves when things do not go well

Rebel as adolescents and leave home before age 20

267
Q

what is Stride length

A

heel strike to heel strike of the same foot

268
Q

what type of memory are there

A
  • short term sensory storage
  • working memory (short term memory)
  • long term memory
269
Q

what is dyslexia

A

Unusual difficulty with reading; thought to be the result of some neurological underdevelopment

270
Q

what is copy

A

you show them the shape

they only see the outcome not process

271
Q

what are the IQ scores

A

= 100 denotes average
> 100 is above average
< 100 indicates less than average

272
Q

what is Associative: 15-18 months

A

no rules

they do it together

273
Q

when is BMI the the lowest

A

ages 5-6

274
Q

toddlers who recognize themselves in the mirror are more able

A

Talk about themselves and to assert their wills

Experience self-conscious emotions

Coordinate their own perspectives with others

275
Q

what is the difference between the two sex in physical growth in middle childhood

A

they are similar

276
Q

what are the 5 major food groups

A 
fruits
grains
vegetables
protein
dairy

2 growth and development (5 decks)

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