Exam 4 Flashcards
flowering plants
- monocot and dicot (eudicot)
- have fruits and seeds
- roots
- stems and leaves (shoots)
- flower
nonflowering plants
- naked seeds (pine)
- spores (fern and moss)
vascular plant systems
- root system
- shoot system
root system
- anchors plant, absorbs water and nutrients
- have root hairs, lateral roots, and no nodes
shoot system
- supports leaves for photosynthesis (without there would be no leaves)
- conduct sugars and h2o back and forth
apex
tip where growth occurs (in roots and stem)
tap root
one large main root that gets water from deep in the ground (dandilions)
fibrous root
shallow roots with lots of branches that collects rain
grass
epiphyte
plant on a plant (aerial root to get more sunlight) that don’t form roots in soil
-thick and spongy roots
modified root
special structure for better function
- storage of carbohydrate nerves (vegetables with starches and sugars)
- parastic roots-climb up trees and suck out nutrients (mistletoe)
- oxygen absorbing- extension of root to get oxygen when the tide comes in (pneumatophore)
- aerial root- orchids, epiphyte (dont hurt host)
- root nodules- n-fixing bacteria; symbiosis
symbiosis
plant benefits from bacteria and bacteria benefits from plant
adventitious roots
- root that emerges from stem
1. prop roots- help tall plants from falling (corn)
2. stilts (shallow soil)
3. buttress- widening at base (shallow soil)
Stem consists of:
- shoot apex/tip
- axillary bud
- internode
- node
- young leaf
axillary bud
a bud where the stem meets the petiole
node
where leaves are attached
Runner/stolom
modified stem that goes across horizontal surface with adventitious roots
-strawberries
rhizome
modified stem thats thick and underground with adventitious roots
stolon with tubers
modified stem with specialized underground stem tissue
stolon-branches
tubers-tips
-potato
bulb
modified stem thats short and thick with adventitious roots
-onion (rest is leaves)
corm
modified stem thats broad and thick
-papery leaves
tendril
modified climbing stem
-grape vines
cladophyll
modified photosynthetic stem
-cactus and snake plant
monocot
parallel veins
dicot
branched veins