Exam 1 Flashcards
ester linkage
connects glycerol and fatty acids
steroids and sterols
send signals and non soluble
animals have steroids
plants have sterols
saturated vs. unsaturated
saturated- no kinks
unsaturated- double bonds making kinks
fatty acids on triglycerides can be saturated or unsaturated
wax
- fatty acid and long chain alcohol
- nonsoluble
isoprene
5 carbon chain with double bonds
beta carotene
plant pigment made of terpenes (makes carrots)
nucleotides
base + sugar + phosphate
ribose as the sugar for RNA
deoxyribose as the sugar for DNA
DNA
nucleotides connected by phosphodiester bonds (sugar phosphate)
genetic info is carried in…
the sequence of nucleotides
types of RNA
mRNA- messenger
rRNA- ribosomal
tRNA- transfer
NADH- electron carrier
Alkaloids
-caffeine, fight insects
terpenes
- digitoxose, heart stimulant (digitalin)
- beta carotene
- latex
Phenolics
- tannins, tan leather
- lignin
N-containing
amygdalin
crista
folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria
Schlerden and Schwann
Cell Theory
robert hooke
named the cell
animal cells
centrioles plus what eukaryotic cells have
plant cells
- chloroplasts
- cell wall
- vacuoles
- what eukaryotic cells have
nucleus
- nuclear envelope
- double membrane with pores
- chromatin
- nucleolus
chromatin
DNA and protein
-helps create ribosomes
nucleolus
produces ribosomes
mitochondria
makes ATP
Chloroplasts
- stroma as matrix
- granum- stacked disc where photosynthesis takes place
ribosomes
- ribosomal RNA and protein
- does protein synthesis
endomembrane system
Rough ER - enzymes assist with protein folding
smooth ER- synthesis of phospholipids
golgi
- stack of cisterna
- packages proteins into vesicles
vesicle
transports items from rough ER to golgi
crossing a membrane
- diffusion (passive, no energy, no protein)
- gradient (high solute to low solute)
- facilitated diffusion (passive, requires protein, channel, or carrier, gradient specific)
- osmosis (passive semipermeable membrane only to water)
hypotonic solution
low solute, causes cell to swell “turgor pressure”
-wont burst bc of cell wall
passive transport
diffusion and facilitated diffusion
-facilitated has protein
secondary active transport
-2 proteins
one uses tap to make gradient
two uses gradient to transport glucose
