Exam 1

Question 1

ester linkage

Answer 1

connects glycerol and fatty acids

Question 2

steroids and sterols

Answer 2

send signals and non soluble
animals have steroids
plants have sterols

Question 3

saturated vs. unsaturated

Answer 3

saturated- no kinks
unsaturated- double bonds making kinks
fatty acids on triglycerides can be saturated or unsaturated

Question 4

wax

Answer 4

• fatty acid and long chain alcohol

- nonsoluble

Question 5

isoprene

Answer 5

5 carbon chain with double bonds

Question 6

beta carotene

Answer 6

plant pigment made of terpenes (makes carrots)

Question 7

nucleotides

Answer 7

base + sugar + phosphate
ribose as the sugar for RNA
deoxyribose as the sugar for DNA

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

nucleotides connected by phosphodiester bonds (sugar phosphate)

Question 9

genetic info is carried in…

Answer 9

the sequence of nucleotides

Question 10

types of RNA

Answer 10

mRNA- messenger
rRNA- ribosomal
tRNA- transfer
NADH- electron carrier

Question 11

Alkaloids

Answer 11

-caffeine, fight insects

Question 12

terpenes

Answer 12

• digitoxose, heart stimulant (digitalin)
• beta carotene
• latex

Question 13

Phenolics

Answer 13

• tannins, tan leather

- lignin

Question 14

N-containing

Answer 14

amygdalin

Question 15

crista

Answer 15

folds of the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 16

Schlerden and Schwann

Answer 16

Cell Theory

Question 17

robert hooke

Answer 17

named the cell

Question 18

animal cells

Answer 18

centrioles plus what eukaryotic cells have

Question 19

plant cells

Answer 19

• chloroplasts
• cell wall
• vacuoles
• what eukaryotic cells have

Question 20

nucleus

Answer 20

• nuclear envelope
• double membrane with pores
• chromatin
• nucleolus

Question 21

chromatin

Answer 21

DNA and protein

-helps create ribosomes

Question 22

nucleolus

Answer 22

produces ribosomes

Question 23

mitochondria

Answer 23

makes ATP

Question 24

Chloroplasts

Answer 24

• stroma as matrix

- granum- stacked disc where photosynthesis takes place

Question 25

ribosomes

Answer 25

- ribosomal RNA and protein | - does protein synthesis

Question 26

endomembrane system

Answer 26

Rough ER - enzymes assist with protein folding | smooth ER- synthesis of phospholipids

Question 27

golgi

Answer 27

- stack of cisterna | - packages proteins into vesicles

Question 28

vesicle

Answer 28

transports items from rough ER to golgi

Question 29

crossing a membrane

Answer 29

1. diffusion (passive, no energy, no protein) 2. gradient (high solute to low solute) 3. facilitated diffusion (passive, requires protein, channel, or carrier, gradient specific) 4. osmosis (passive semipermeable membrane only to water)

Question 30

hypotonic solution

Answer 30

low solute, causes cell to swell "turgor pressure" | -wont burst bc of cell wall

Question 31

passive transport

Answer 31

diffusion and facilitated diffusion | -facilitated has protein

Question 32

secondary active transport

Answer 32

-2 proteins one uses tap to make gradient two uses gradient to transport glucose