Exam 4 Flashcards
In terms of ecological roles, which of the following groups include primary producers in ecosystems
a. land plants
b. fungi
c. protists
d. A and C are correct
e. all of the above are correct
D
The functional role of sporopollenin is primarily to ______.
a. comprise spore surface structures that catch the wind and assist in spore dispersal
b. reduce dehydration
c. make spores less dense and able to disperse more readily
d. repel toxic chemicals
e. provide nutrients to spores
B
Which of these is a major trend in land plant evolution?
a. the trend toward smaller size
b. the trend toward larger gametophytes
c, the trend toward a gametophyte-dominated life cycle
d. the trend toward a sporophyte-dominated life cycle
D
Stamens, sepals, petals, carpels, and pinecone scales are all ________.
a. female reproductive parts
b. capable of photosynthesis
c. found on flowers
d. modified leaves
D
Which of the following should have had gene sequences most similar to the charophyte that was the common ancestor of the land plant?
a. early angiosperms
b. early bryophytes
c. early gymnosperms
d. early ferns
B
As you stroll through a moist forest, you are most likely to readily see a ______.
a. sporophyte of a liverwort
b. gametophyte of a fern
c. zygote of a green alga
d. gametophyte of a moss
D
Where are you least likely to see green algae?
a. growing symbiotically with fungi in lichens or with some invertebrate animals
b. growing independently on wet rock in ponds and lakes
c. growing independently on dry rock in meadows
d. as pink snow in the mountains in summer
e. floating in seas and oceans
C
About 450 million years ago, the terrestrial landscape on Earth would have _______.
a. looked very similar to that of today, with flowers, grasses, shrubs, and trees.
b. been completely bare rock, with little pools that contained bacteria and cyanobacteria
c. had non vascular green plants similar to liverworts forming green mats on rock
d. been covered with tall forests in swamps that became today’s coal
C
Stomata _____.
a. occur in all land plants and define them as a monophyletic group
b. open to allow gas exchange and close to decrease water loss
c. occur in all land plants and are the same as pores
d. open to increase both water absorption and gas exchange
B
Why have biologists hypothesized that the first land plants had a low, sprawling growth habit?
a. they were tied to the water for reproduction and thus needed to remain in close contact with the moist soil.
b. the ancestors of land plants lack the structural support to stand erect in air
c. land animals of that period were small and could not pollinate tall plants
d. there was less competition for space so they simply spread out flat
A
Over evolutionary time, there has been a trend for land plants to shift from:
a. homospory to heterospory
b. heterospory to homospory
c. megaspores to microspores
d. microspores to megaspores
A
Conifers and pines both have needlelike leaves, with the adaptive advantage of _______.
a. increased surface area, increasing photosynthesis
b. increased surface area, increasing gas exchange
c. decreased surface area, reducing gas exchange
d. decreased surface area, reducing water loss
D
In our Case Study of columbines coevolution was presented as a potential driver of diversity in angiosperms, due to….
a. mutualistic interactions between columbines and pollinators
b. mutualistic interactions between colombines and fungi
c. parasitic interactions between columbines and fungi
d. parasitic interactions between columbines and protists
A
Retaining the zygote on the living gametophyte of land plants ______.
a. allows it to be nourished by the parent plant
b. protects the zygote from herbivores
c. evolved concurrently with pollen
d. helps in dispersal of the zygote
A
Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as the bryophytes. Besides not having vascular tissue, what do they all have in common?
a. they require water for reproduction
b. they are all wind pollinated
c. they are hetersporous
d. they can reproduce asexually by producing gemmae
A
In terms of alternation of generations, the internal parts of the pollen grains of seed producing plants are most similar to a _____.
a. moss sporophyte
b. fern sporophyte
c. hermaphroditic fern gametophyte
d. fern gametophyte bearing only antheridia
e. moss gametophyte bearing both male and female gametangia
D
Which of the following is the arrow pointing to?
a. carpel
b. stamen
c. petal
d. sepal
e. ovary
A
In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics is unique to the seed producing plants?
a. lignin present in cell walls
b. sporopollenin
c. megaphylls
d. pollen
D
