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Bio 114 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The primary ecological role of animals is:

a. producer
b. decomposer
c. consumer
d. detritivore
e. saprophage

A

C

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2
Q

The evolution of animal species has been prolific. Much of this diversity is a result of the evolution of novel ways to _______.

a. reproduce
b. arrange cells into tissues
c. sense, feed and move
d. form an embryo and establish a basic body plan

A

C

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3
Q

Among the characteristics unique to animals is

a. gastrulation
b. multicellularity
c. sexual reproduction
d. flagellated sperm
e. heterotrophic nutrition

A

A

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4
Q

What synapomorphy distinguishes animals as a monophyletic group, distinct from choanoflagellates?

a. multicellularity
b. coloniality
c. heterotrophy
d. no cell walls

A

A

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5
Q

The most ancient branching point in animal phylogeny is the characteristic of having _________.

a. radial or bilateral symmetry
b. diploblastic or triploblastic embryos
c. true tissues or no tissues
d. a body cavity or no body cavity

A

C

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6
Q

An adult animal that possess bilaterial symmetry would most likely be __________.

a. triploblastic
b. a deuterostome
c. coelomates
d. diploblastic

A

A

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7
Q

What is the probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated, from earliest to most recent?

  1. tetrapods
  2. vertebrates
  3. deuterstomes
  4. amniotes
  5. bilaterians

a. 3-5-4-2-1
b. 3-5-2-1-4
c. 5-3-2-1-4
d. 5-3-4-2-1

A

C

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8
Q

The digestive system of most animals is lines with cells through which nutrients are absorbed. What is the embryonic origin of these cells?

a. endoderm
b. ectoderm
c. mesoderm

A

A

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9
Q

What was an early selective advantage of a coelom in animals? a coelom ________.

a. contributed to a hydrostatic skeleton, allowing greater range of motion
b. was a more efficient digestive system
c. allowed cephalization and the formation of a cerebral ganglion
d. allowed asexual and sexual reproduction

A

A

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10
Q

The protosome developmental sequence arose just once in evolutionary history, resulting in two main subgroups - lophotrochozoans and ecdysozoa. What does this finding suggest

a. these two subgroups have a common ancestor that was a deuterostome
b. the protostomes are a polyphyletic group.
c. division of these two groups occurred after the protosome developmental sequence appeared
d. the lophotrochozoans are monophyletic

A

C

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11
Q

protostomes are the most abundant animals in the world’s oceans.

a. true
b. false

A

A

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12
Q

Which type of development is characterized by a blastopore that becomes the mouth?

a. deuterostome
b. protosome
c. triploblastic
d. diploblastic
e. blastulation

A

B

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13
Q

Diploblastic animals have which of the following germ layers

a. endoderm
b. ectoderm
c. mesoderm
d. a and b
c. all of the above

A

D

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14
Q

The molluscan body plan is based on three major components: the foot, the visceral mass, and the ________.

a. gills
b. shell
c. jointed limbs
d. mantle
e. cuticle

A

D

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15
Q

Among protostomes, which morphological trait has shown the most variation

a. type of symmetry (bilateral vs. radial vs. none)
b. type of body cavity (coelom vs pseudocoelom vs no coelom)
c. number of embryonic tissue types (diploblasty vs triploblasty)
d. type of development (protosome vs deuterostome)

A

B

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16
Q

What is Iophophore?

a. the single opening in a species with a blind gut
b. a distinctive type of larva with a band of cilia
c. a synapomorphy that defines ecdysozoans
d. a specialized filter feeding structure

A

D

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17
Q

What is the function of the arthropod exoskeleton?

a. because hard parts fossilize more readily than do soft tissues, the presence of an exoskeleton has given
a. because hard parts fossilize more readily than do soft tissues, the presence of an exoskeleton has given arthropods a good fossil record.
b. it has not well established function
c. it provides protection and functions in locomotion
d. it makes growth by molting possible

A

C

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18
Q

Arthropods invaded land about 100 million years before vertebraes did so. This most clearly implies that _______.

a. arthropods evolved before vertebrates did
b. extant terrestrial arthropods are better adapted to terrestrial life than are extant terrestrial vertebrates
c. vertebrates evolved from arthropods
d. arthropods have had more time to coevolve with land plants than have vertebrates

A

D

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19
Q

You find a new species of worm and want to classify it. Which of the following lines of evidence would allow you to classify the worm as a nematode and not an annelid?

a. it is segmented
b. it is triploblastic
c. it has a coelom
d. it sheds its external skeleton to grow

A

D

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20
Q

Clade Ecdysozoa includes the:

a. annelids and lophophorates
b. enchioderms and chordates
c. nematodes and arthropods
d. platyheiminthes and molluscs
e. rotifers and cnidarians

A

C

21
Q

The evolution of similar insulating skin coverings such as fur, hair, and feathers in mammals and birds is a result of ________.

a. shared ancestory
b. convergent evolution
c. homology
d. evolutionary divergence

A

B

22
Q

Which of these are amniotes?

a. amphibians
b. fishes
c. turtles
d. lungfish

A

C

23
Q

Which of the following animal groups is entirely aquatic?

a. Mollusca
b. crustacea
c. Echinodermata
d. nematoda

A

C

24
Q

A trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods was ______.

a. the appearance of jaws
b. feet with digits
c. the mineralization of the endoskeleton
d. the amniotic egg

A

B

25
Q

Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials ______.

a. lack nipples
b. have some embryonic development outside the uterus
c. lay eggs
d. are found in Australia and Africa

A

B

26
Q

What was the evolution of the amniotic egg such an important innovation

a. tetrapods were no longer tied to the water for reproduction
b. tetrapods can now function with just lungs
c. newborns are much less dependent on their parents
d. embryos are protected from predators

A

D

27
Q

Mammals and birds eat more often than reptiles. Which of the following traits shared by mammals and birds best explains this habit?

a. endothermy
b. ectothermy
c. amniotic egg
d. terrestrial

A

a

28
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of all chordates at some point during their life cycle?

a. jaws
b. post anal tail
c. four chambered heart
d. vertebrae

A

B

29
Q

How did the evolution of the jaw contribute to diversification of early vertebrate lineages?

a. it allowed for smaller body size
b. it was the first stage in the development of a bony skull
c. it paved the way for the evolution of the pharyngeal jaw
d. it made additional food sources available
e. it increased the surface area for respiration and feeding.

A

D

30
Q

It is believed that the coelacanths and lungfish represent a crucial link between other fishes and tetrapods what is the major feature in these fish in support of this hypothesis

a. like amphibians they are tied to the water for reproduction
b. their fins have skeletal and muscular structures similar to amphibians limbs
c. they have highly evolved nervous and circulatory systems
d. they have lungs and are able to breathe air when water is scarce.

A

B

31
Q

In what respect do hominins differ from all other anthropoids?

a. lack of a tail
b. eyes on the front of the face
c. bipedal posture
d. opposable thumbs
e. diurnal activity

A

C

32
Q

What is a transitional fossil?

a. a transitional fossil is in the middle of a direct lineage stretching from ancient forms to organisms alive today.
b. transitional fossils have features that are intermediate between ancestors and descendants.
c. transitional fossils only existed for a short period of time
d. transitional fossils were poorly adapted to their environments

A

B

33
Q

What reproductive trait is associated with terrestrial environments?

a. asexual repro
b. sexual repro
c. internal fertilization
d. external fertilization

A

C

34
Q

In what way are monotremes similar to more ancestral chordate lineages, as opposed to more recently evolved mammals?

a. monotremes lay eggs; other mammals bear live young
b. monotremes perform little parental care; other mammals use lactation to feed offspring
c. monotremes do not have jaws; other mammals do
d. monotremes are ectothermic; other mammals are endothermic
e. monotremes perform external fertilization; other mammals perform internal fertilization

A

A

35
Q

Why would the absence of a particular trait not exclude a species from a particular clade that possess that trait

a. loss a trait is a key part of diversification
b. traits are often lost during an individuals lifetime
c. species are required to be excluded if they do not possess all the traits of a clade
d. species are included in clades based solely on their habitat preference, not their characters

A

a

36
Q

A. mammals

b. reptiles
c. amphibians
d. birds
e. bony fish
1. the two major lineages that make up the living amniota are _____ and mammals.
2. ______ are ectothermic, with moist, smooth skin
3. _______ are known for the production of milk to feed their offspring

A
  1. B
  2. C
  3. A
37
Q

A. Mollusca

b. porifera
c. amnelida
d. Echinodermata
e. cnidaria
1. have nerve net; radial symmetry; may exist in poly and or medusa stage
2. no true tissues, no symmetry; filter feeders; basal lineage
3. long before humans invented it to power aircraft, jet propulsion evolved in _____.

A
  1. E
  2. B
  3. E
38
Q

A. annelida

b. nematode
c. arthropoda
d. Platyhelminthes
1. characterized by chitinous exoskeleton, jointed appendages and segmented bodies; include crustaceans, insects
2. unsegmented worms; shed cuticle; includes hook and round worms
3. dorso ventrally flattened; includes flat worms

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. D
39
Q

Rough skinned newts are in a co evolutionary arms race with which other organism?

A

garth or garden?? snakes

40
Q

What evolutionary force/mechanism is driving this interaction?

A

toxin in newt vs. snake resistance to toxin

survival of the fittest: who can produce most toxin- newt or who can survive toxic ingestion -snakes

41
Q

Which of the following are synapomorphies define (s) the vertebrates?
A. Jaws
b. cranium
c. endoskeleton constructed of bone
d. endoskeleton constructed or reinforced cartilage
e. vertebrae
f. spinal cord

A

BE

42
Q

where do these features fo on the phylogenetic tree?

protostome
development
diploblasty

A

>

43
Q

Why did dr parent say the Galapagos islands were particularly suited to studying her questions of interest

A

islands provide areas to study evolution with less variation (isolation). This was ideal for her as she wanted to study the diversification of mollusk shells

44
Q

Based on morphological & molecular data, which living protest group is most closely related to animals?

A. Poriferans
B. Nucleariids
C. Chytrids
D Choanoflagellates
E. Dinoflagellates
A

D. ?

45
Q

Diploblastic animals have which of the following germ layers:

A. Endoderm
B. Ectoderm
C. Mesoderm
D. A and B only
E All of the above
A

D.?

46
Q

Which type of development is characterized by a blastopore that becomes the mouth?

A. Deuterosomes
B. Protosomes
C. Triploblastic
D. Diploblastic
E. Blastulation
A

B.

47
Q

How did the development of the jaw contribute to evolutionary diversification of early vertebrate lineages?
A. It increased the surface area for respiration and feeding
B. It allowed for larger body size
C. It made additional food sources available
D. it paved the way for evolution of the pharyngeal jaw
E. It was the first stage in the development of a bony skull

A

C.

48
Q

The digestive system of most animals is lined with cells through which nutrients are absorbed. What is the embryonic origin of these cells.

A Endoderm
B Ectoderm
C Mesoderm

A

Endoderm

49
Q

Among protostomes, which morphological trait has shown the most variation

A) type of symmetry (bilateral vs. radial vs. none)
B) type of body cavity (coelom vs. pseudocoelom vs. coelom)
C) number of embryonic tissue types (diploblasty vs. triploblasty)
D) direction of gastrulation (protostome vs. deuterostome)

A

B.

Bio 114 (6 decks)

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