Exam 4 Flashcards
Which muscle: Compresses oral cavity and tightens cheek
Buccinator
Which muscle: Elevates and retracts mandible to close jaw
Temporalis
Which muscle: Closes eye, squinting
Orbicularis oculi
Which muscle: Pulls scalp posteriorly
Occipitalis
Which muscle: Closes mouth and purses lips
Orbicularis oris
Which muscle: Elevates corner of mouth
Zygomaticus
Which muscle: Raises eyebrows and pulls scalp anteriorly
Frontalis
Which muscle: Elevates mandible to close the jaw
Masseter
Which muscle: Depresses and everts lower lip
Depressor labii inferioris
Which muscle: Depresses angle of mouth
Depressor anguli oris
Which muscle: Wrinkles chin and everts lower lip
Mentalis
Which muscle: Pulls angle of mouth laterally
Risorius
True or False: A neuron receives information on its axons and delivers it to other neurons through its dendrites.
FALSE
Which of the following neuron shapes would you expect to be associated with olfaction?
bipolar
What is the action of the masseter?
chewing
True or False: Excitatory post-synaptic potentials must be depolarizing action potentials.
FALSE
The rhomboid major and minor muscles are deep to the ________.
Trapezius
Which of the following structures would send information on proprioception to structures within the brain?
Spinocerebellar tract (next guess)
What is the function of the erector spinae?
Postural support
Which of the following structures (lobes) is primarily responsible for processing visual information?
Occipital lobe
Which muscle: Rotates thigh laterally and stabilizes coxofemoral joint
Quadratus femoris
Which muscle: Extends thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg
Semitendinosus
Which muscle: Abducts and medially rotates thigh, important in walking
Gluteus medius
Which muscle: Extends thigh, flexes and laterally rotates leg
Biceps femoris
Which muscle: Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh
Pectineus
Which muscle: Extends leg and flexes hip
Rectus femoris
Which muscle: Prime mover for thigh extension in addition to abduction
Gluteus maximus
Which muscle: Prime mover of flexing the hip
Iliacus
Which muscle: Adducts, medially rotates, and flexes thigh and involved in thigh extension
Adductor magnus
Which muscle: Flexes hip and lateral flexion of lumbar vertebrae, important postural muscle
Psoas major
Which muscle: Rotates and extends the thigh laterally, abducts thigh, stabilizes coxofemoral joint
Piriformis
Which muscle: Extends and laterally rotates thigh
Obterator internis
Which muscle: Stabilizes the leg and trunk by moderating tension in iliotibial tract, flexes and abduct thigh
Tensor fascia latae
Which muscle: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh
Sartorius
Analogs are chemicals which:
Similar chemical structure to neurotransmitter
Which of the following structures would send information for complex muscle movements and unskilled movements?
Extrapyramidal tract
Which of the following receptor types would detect stimuli resulting from pain?
Chemoreceptors
What type of glial cell is the resident macrophage behind the blood-brain barrier?
Microglia
Your friend is poking your skin with two pins a few millimeters apart at the same time. Visually, you can see there are two pins, but you can only feel a single pen poke. This is probably because:
the receptors in both skin areas utilize the same afferent neuron.
If a thermoreceptor is sensitive to temperature sensations, what would a chemoreceptor be sensitive to?
Molecules
The limbic system is best characterized as:
Brain regions associated with learning, memory, and behavior
Which of the following receptor types would detect stimuli resulting from a change in temperature?
Thermoreceptors
True or False: Inhibitory post-synaptic potentials must be hyperpolarizing action potentials.
FALSE
All indolamines are synthesized from what amino acid?
Tryptophan
Complete the sentence:
A threshold stimulus applied to an excitable membrane is one that is just sufficient to ______
trigger an action potential.
Which of the following statements concerning the properties of action potentials is TRUE?
The rate of propagation of an action potential down an axon is independent of stimulus strength.
Voltage-gated Na+ channels open upon reaching what state?
Threshold
True or False: Electrical synapses are slower than chemical synapses.
FALSE
Which muscle: Compresses the abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes and rotates vertebral column
External oblique
Which muscle: Posterior abdominal wall, prime mover of lateral flexion
Quadratus lumborum
Which muscle: Laterally flex vertebral column
Intertransversarii
Which muscle: Raise and expand the rib cage
External intercostals
Which muscle: Bilaterally flex neck, tilt and rotate head to the side
Sternocleidomastoid
Which muscle: Compresses the abdomen
Transversus abdominis
Which muscle: Compresses the abdomen, depresses the ribs, flexes the vertebral column
Rectus abdominis
Which muscle: Stabilize vertebral column
Segmental group
Which muscle: Primary extensors of vertebral column
Erector spinae group
Which muscle: Prime mover for compression and expansion of the thoracic cavity and associated changes in abdominal cavity
Diaphragm
Which muscle: Draw the ribs together and constrict the thoracic cage for forced exhalation
Internal intercostals
Which muscle: Extends vertebral column
Interspinales
Agonists are chemicals which:
Binds to the same receptors as a neurotransmitter and mimics the effects
True or False: Sensory information travels in ascending tracts in the spinal cord
True
Which of the following structures would send information for voluntary motor movement used in skilled motions
Pyramidal tract
True or False: Efferent is a term that is synonymous with sensory
FALSE
Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with inhibition exclusively?
GABA
Which of the following receptor types would detect stimuli resulting from stretch?
Mechanoreceptor
Which muscle produces movement that allows you to cross your legs?
The Sartorius
Which muscle: Rotates arm laterally and extends arm
Infraspinatus
Which muscle: Abducts arm and extends arm
Supraspinatus
Which muscle: Adducts and stabilizes scapula
Rhomboid major
Which muscle: Prime mover of arm extension, adducts arm, medially rotates arm, important in power stroke of lowering arm
Latissimus dorsi
Which muscle: Prime mover for medial rotation of the arm and extends arm
Subscapularis
Which muscle: Extends, medially rotates, and adducts arm
Teres major
Which muscle: Adducts and elevates scapula
Levator scapulae
Which muscle: Stabilizes, elevates, retracts and rotates scapula and extends head
Trapezius
Which muscle: Prime move of arm abduction, flexes and medially rotates arm, extends and laterally rotates arm
Deltoid
Which muscle: Flexes and adducts arm
Coracobrachialis
Which muscle: Adducts, flexes and rotates arm medially
Pectoralis major
Which muscle: Abducts and rotates scapula, important in horizontal arm movements
Serratus anterior
Which muscle: Flexes forearm
Brachialis
Which muscle: Extends hands and fingers
Extensor digitorum
Which muscle: Flexes hand and tenses fascia of palm
Palmaris longus
Which muscle: Pronates forearm (and hand)
Pronator teres
Which muscle: Flexes and adducts hand
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Which muscle: Supinates forearm (and hand)
Supinator
Which muscle: Prime move of forearm extension
Triceps brachii
Which muscle: Extends and adducts hand
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Which muscle: Flexes and supinates forearm and weakly flexes arm
Biceps brachii
Which muscle: Extends and abducts hand
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Which muscle: Flexes and abducts hand
Flexor carpi radialis
Which muscle: Flexes forearm and stabilizes elbow
Brachioradialis
Which of the following is a function of the cerebellum?
Coordinate bodily movements to maintain posture
What is the name for the topographical representation of the sensory input to the somatosensory cortex?
homunculus
True or False: Generally speaking, serotonin is excitatory in motor pathways
True
What type of glial cell is responsible for filtering blood to produce CSF at the choroid plexus?
Ependymal cell
An EPSP
is a direct result of the opening of ligand-gated channels permeable to both Na + and K + ions.
What specialized structure of the arachnoid mater allows cerebrospinal fluid to return to venous blood supply?
Arachnoid granulations
All catecholamines are synthesized from what amino acid?
Tyrosine
True or False: A sensory modality refers to the specific stimuli/information that a receptor can encode
True
Which muscle: Prime mover of inversion and plantarflexes foot
Tibialis posterior
Which muscle: Flexes and rotates leg medially (unlocks extended knee)
Popliteus
Which muscle: Extends leg and stabilizes knee
Vastus lateralis
Which muscle: Extends leg
Vastus intermedius
Which muscle: Plantarflexes foot and flexes knee
Gastrocnemius